Paleokarst Reservoirs of the Lower Carboniferous ... files/pdfs... · Paleokarst-breccia...
Transcript of Paleokarst Reservoirs of the Lower Carboniferous ... files/pdfs... · Paleokarst-breccia...
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Paleokarst Reservoirs of the Lower Carboniferous (Mississippian) Madison Group and Jura-Cretaceous Success
Formation, West-Central Saskatchewan.
Dan Kohlruss
Saskatchewan Geological Survey
Ministry of Energy and Resources
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies
• Karst Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies
• Karst Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
Sub-CretaceousUnconformity
Sub-JurassicUnconformity
Birdbear
Sask
Gp
Dev
on
ian
Up
per
Pal
eozo
ic
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies
• Karst Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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Modified from Hayes et al., 1994
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315Ma
From Blakey, NAU Geology 1996
End Mississippian
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195Ma
From Blakey, NAU Geology 1996
Early Jurassic
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180Ma
From Blakey, NAU Geology 1996
Middle Jurassic
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140Ma
From Blakey, NAU Geology 1996
Late Jurassic
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Modified from Poulton et al., 1994
F’
F
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Modified from Richards et al., 1994
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies
• Karst Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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Loucks, 1999
Paleokarst-brecciaClassification
Facies and Facies Associations
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F1: Mudstone grading to matrix supported chert-pebble conglomerate
F2: Matrix-rich, clast supported chaotic chert and sandstone Breccia
F1 F2
Loucks, 1999
111/09-04-030-28W3805.7m 802.5m
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Facies 2 Thin section examples:
05-04-30-28W3: 789m 05-04-30-28W3: 792.5m 05-04-30-28W3: 793.4m
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F3: Crackle Breccia
F3
Loucks, 1999
101/08-12-030-28W3
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F4: Mudstone
F5: Chaotic Mud and Chert Rubble Breccia/ Conglomerate
F4 F5
Loucks, 1999
111/09-22-031-27W3820.9m
111/15-08-030-26W3854.0m
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Loucks, 1999
111/09-22-031-27W3820.9m
F6
F6: Matrix-supportedChaotic Breccia
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies
• Karst Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
FA1: Collapsed Cave(reservoir)
Loucks, 1999
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FA2: Preserved Cave Roof
Modified from Kohlruss 2017
Loucks, 1999
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FA3: Epikarst(Reservoir)
Modified from Kohlruss 2017
Loucks, 1999
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FA4: Soil Breccia/Karst Paleosol
Modified from Kohlruss 2017
Loucks, 1999
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies
• Karst Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
Collapsed
Upper MadisonIsopach
A’
A
B
B’
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
Collapsed
Collapsed CaveIsopach
A’
A
B
B’
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
Preserved Cave RoofIsopach
A’
A
B
B’
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
EpikarstIsopach
A’
A
B
B’
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
EpikarstStructure
A’
A
B
B’
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
Soil Breccia/Karst Paleosol
Isopach
A’
A
B
B’
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies and Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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A’
AOil Cut =
B
B’
Gas Production = 1st 90 days gasProduction <300 e m 3 3
1st 90 days oil
1st 90 days oil + water
Reservoirs and TrappingModel
Epikarst Traps
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Epikarst: pinch-out Trap
A’A
Epikarst Collapsed Cave Madison and Cave Roof
40-100% Oil CutPaleosol
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
EpikarstIsopach
A’
A
B
B’
Epikarst Traps
’
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
A’
A
B
B’
Epikarst Traps
B
B’
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
A’
A
B
B’
Pinch-outAgainst Madison
Highs
Epikarst Traps
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
A’
A
B
B’
Epikarst is thick , high and
Pinched-out by Mannville mudstones
Epikarst Traps
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Modified from Kohlruss 2017
A’
A
B
B’
Anticline trap created by roll-over underlying
Madison high
Epikarst Traps
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A’
AOil Cut =
B
B’
Gas Production = 1st 90 days gasProduction <300 e m 3 3
1st 90 days oil
1st 90 days oil + water
Reservoirs and TrappingModel
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Collapsed Cave: Anticline and Pinch-out Trap
South North
Epikarst Collapsed Cave Madison and Cave Roof
40-100% Oil CutPaleosol
B B’
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B’
B
Modified from Kohlruss 2017
A
A’
Collapsed Cave Traps
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies and Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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Targets:• Epikarst:
• up-dip pinch-out on Madison “highs”• “highs” and roll-over edges (anticline)• Pinch-out against Mannville mudstones• Pinch-out against paleosol
• Collapsed cave:• over Madison highs (anticlines) • “pinch-outs”
• How?
Expanding the play
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Epikarst Structure Madison StructureSub-Cretaceous Unconformity
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Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity Westgate Structure
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B’
B
Sawatzky 1966 Composite Seismic Map:
Near the top of thePaleozoic Surface
A
A’
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B
Sawatzky 1966 Composite Seismic Map:
Near the top of thePaleozoic Surface
Positive features
B’
A
A’
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Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity Westgate Structure
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Modified from Poulton et al., 1994
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Westgate Structure
Modified from Christopher, 2003
Success oil show
Success zero edge
Madison zero edge
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Modified from Sawatzky, 1966; and Christopher, 2003
Westgate positivesfeatures
Success oil show
Success zero edge
Madison zero edge
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141/06-23-031-23W3
38% por76.1 mD
36% por51.1 mD
40% por70.1 mD
Paleosol
Epikarst
Roof
Collapsed Cave
U. Madison
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Outline
• Study Area and Methods
• Regional Geological Setting
• Karst Facies and Facies Associations (Model)
• Facies Associations Maps
• Trapping Models
• Expanding the Play
• Conclusions
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Conclusions• Success Formation is a product of karsting of the Madison Group• Two karst reservoirs:
• Collapsed cave• Epikarst
• Oil and gas traps:• Structural highs - anticline traps(cave and epikarst )• Stratigraphic pinch-out traps (cave and epikarst)
• Expand play by:• Karst facies association mapping• Structure mapping• Identifying highs on the Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity:
• Using seismic (old or new)• Using Westgate as a substitute in the absence of deeper data
• Evidence for further development beyond study area• Don’t Forget - Stacked reservoir potential!
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Thank You