Palate , by dr.parthsarthi gautam, MDS
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Transcript of Palate , by dr.parthsarthi gautam, MDS
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PALATE
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Content
Introduction
Development of palate
Hard palate
Soft palate
Muscles
Blood supply
Nerve supply
funtions
Clinical consideration
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Introduction
Palate is the roof of the mouth. It separates the oral
cavity from the nasal cavity
Lies in the roof of the oral cavity
Has two parts:
Hard (bony) palate anteriorly
Soft (muscular) palate posteriorly
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Development of the Palate
Initially, during the 6th week of intrauterine development, there is a common oro-nasal cavity bounded anteriorly by the primary palate and occupied mainly by the developing tongue
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The medial part is also known as the primary palate
because it develops first and is a floor to the nasal pits.
Lateral palatine process develop from the maxillary
tissues laterally & grow to midline.
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The primary palate is formed by
the merging of the two median
nasal processes
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Between the 7th and 8th weeks of
development, formation of the
secondary palate occurs
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Formation of the palate involves
the fusion of two processes: the
right and left maxillary processes
and the medial nasal process
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The median nasal process grows
downward and forward to form
the nasal septum
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The growth into the
stomodeum from the
inside of the maxillary
processes is called the
right and left lateral
palatine processes,
which at first grows
downward to the
elevated tongue
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As a result of the enlargement of
the mandible and a change in
the degree of flexion of the fetus
head, the tongue drops to the
floor of the stomodeum
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When the tongue is removed
from the path of the growing
lateral palatine processes, the
processes are straightened to a
horizontal position
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Then the lateral
palatine processes
grows medially at the
midline and fuse with
each other and with
the lower border of the
nasal septum to give
rise to the hard and soft
palate
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At their anterior
borders, they meet and
fuse with the posterior
border of the
premaxillary growth
(primary palate)
The structure thus
formed is at once the
roof of the oral cavity
and the floor of the
nasal cavity
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Hard Palate
Lies in the roof of the oral cavity
Forms the floor of the nasal cavity
Formed by:
Palatine processes of maxillae in front
Horizontal plates of palatine bones behind
Bounded by alveolar arches
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Posteriorly, continuous with soft palate
Its undersurface covered by mucoperiosteum
Shows transverse ridges in the anterior parts
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SOFT PALATE
movable muscular fold
suspended from post border of
hard palate
Separates nasopharynx from
oropharynx
Traffic controller
2 surfaces
2 borders
2 folds of mucous membrane
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Soft Palate
Covered on its upper and lower
surfaces by mucous membrane
Composed of:
Muscle fibers
An aponeurosis
Lymphoid tissue
Glands
Blood vessels
Nerves
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Palatine Aponeurosis
Fibrous sheath
Attached to posterior border of hard palate
Is flattened tendon of tensor velli palatini
Splits to enclose musculus uvulae
Gives origin & insertion to palatine muscles
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Muscles
Tensor veli palatini
Origin: spine of
sphenoid;,scaphoid fossa,
auditory tube
Insertion: forms palatine
aponeurosis which is attached
to
(a) Posterior border of hard
palate
(b)Inf surface of palate behind
palatine crest
Action: Tenses soft palate,opensauditory tube
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Muscles
Levator veli palatini
Origin: petrous temporal bone,
auditory tube, Enters pharynx by
passing over the upper concave
margin of sup constrictor
Insertion: palatine aponeurosis
Action: Raises soft palate also
dilates auditory tube
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Muscles
Musculus uvulae
Origin: posterior nasal spine
Palatine aponeurosis
Insertion: mucosa of uvula
Action: Elevates uvula
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Muscles
Palatopharyngeus
Origin: Ant Fasciculus
Post border of hard palate
Post fasciculus:palatine
aponeurosis
Insertion: posterior border of
thyroid cartilage
Action: Elevates wall of the
pharynx
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Muscles
Palatoglossus
Origin: palatine
aponeurosis
Insertion: side of tongue
Action: pulls root of
tongue upward,
narrowing
oropharyngeal isthmus
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Blood Supply
Greater palatine branch of the maxillary artery
Ascending palatine, branch of the facial artery
Palatine br of Ascending pharyngeal, branch of
the external carotid artery
VEINS;
Pterygoid and tonsillar plexus of veins
Lymphatics
Upper deep cervical&retropharyngeal
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Sensory Nerve Supply
General Sensory:Mostly by the maxillary nerve
through its branches:
Middle lesser palatine nerve
Posterior lesser palatine nerve
Special Sensory:For taste sensations: lesser
palatine nerves:greater petrosal nerve :
geniculate ganglion :facial nerve nucleus of solitary tract.
Secretomotor;Lesser palatine nerves Derived from
sup. salivatory nucleus Travel through greater petrosal nerves.
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Motor Nerve Supply
All the muscles, except tensor veli palatini, are
supplied by the:
Pharyngeal plexus
Tensor veli palatini supplied by the:
Nerve to medial pterygoid, a branch of the
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
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Movements & functions of Soft palate
Controls 2 gates
Isolates mouth from Oropharynx during chewing
Separates Oropharynx from nasopharynx
Vary degree of closure of pharyngeal isthmus to modify
quality of voice during coughing and sneezing
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Lesions of the Palate
Torus Palatinus
Incisive Canal Cyst
Palatal Abscess
Benign Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Smokers palate
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Monomorphic Adenoma
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Lymphoma Of the Palate
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Clinical Considerations
Cleft palate – is the result of the non-fusion of the 2 palatine processes and the inferior border of the nasal septum
Uranoschisis – cleft hard palate
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Torus palatinus
Is a bony protrusion on the
palate.
Palatal tori are usually present
on the midline of the hard
palate.
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Staphyloschisis – cleft soft palate
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Cleft palate:
Unilateral
Bilateral
Median
Pharyngeal isthmus
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Signs and symptoms-open connection between the oral cavity and nasal cavity is called velopharyngeal
inadequacy (VPI).
-air leaks into the nasal cavity resulting in a hypernasal voice resonance and nasal emissions
while talking.
Treatmenttreatment options include speech therapy, prosthetics, augmentation of the posterior
pharyngeal wall, lengthening of the palate, and surgical procedures
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Paralysis of the soft palate
The pharyngeal isthmus can not be
closed during swallowing and speech
Nasal regurgitation
Nasal twang
Flattening of Palatoglossal arch
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Incisive Canal Cyst
Incisive canal cysts usually present as asymptomatic
palatal swellings
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Smoker’s palate/ Stomatitis nicotina
it is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually
caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar
smoking.
It is a painless, and it is caused by a response of the
palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat
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REFREANCES
GRAY’S ANATOMY 40TH EDITION
ATLAS OF HUMAN ANATOMY-NETTER 2006
WHEELERS’S DENTAL ANATOMY
TEN-CATES’S – ORAL HISTOLOGY
ORAL DEVLOPMENET AND HISTOLOGY, JAMES K AVERY, 3RD EDITION
NEVILLE, ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL PATHOLOGY
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Thanking you
Guided by-
Dr. Basavaraj kallalli ( Dean & HOD)
Dr. Kamala.R .(Professor)
Dr. Shurthi. Patil (Sr. Lecturer)
Dr. Ankur (sr. lecturer)
Dr. piyush (sr. lecturer)
Presented by :-Parthsarthi gautam
P.G student
Narsinhbhai patel dental college &
hospital