Palabras Palabras Afirmativas y Afirmativas y

Negativas Negativas

““You say yes, I say noYou say yes, I say no””

Palabras AfirmativasPalabras Afirmativas

También-- Alguien--Siempre-- Algo--Algún, -a, -os, -as—

also, too

some, any

something always

someone, anyone

Palabras NegativasPalabras Negativas

Tampoco-- Nadie-

Nunca-- Nada-

Ningún, -a—

neither, either

none, not any, no

nothing never

no one, nobody

ALGOALGO y y NADA/ NADA/ Something Something and nothingand nothing

• Algo and nadaAlgo and nada are invariable and are invariable and refer to refer to thingsthings and and objectsobjects..

• EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:• HayHay algo algo afuera./ afuera./

There is There is somethingsomething outside.outside.

• NoNo hay hay nadanada en el en el refrigerador./ refrigerador./ There is There is nothingnothing in the refrigerator.in the refrigerator.

ALGUIEN y NADIE / ALGUIEN y NADIE / Someone and no oneSomeone and no one

• Alguien and nadieAlguien and nadie are invariable and are invariable and refer to refer to peoplepeople..

• WhenWhen alguien, alguien, nadie nadie are direct are direct objects, they must objects, they must be preceded by the be preceded by the personal personal aa when when they refer to a they refer to a person.person.

• EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:• Invité Invité aa alguienalguien a a

salir./ I asked salir./ I asked someonesomeone out. out.

• No defiendo No defiendo aa nadienadie../ I don't / I don't defend defend anybody.anybody.

ALGUNO ALGUNO (some) y (some) y NINGUNONINGUNO (none)(none)

• Furthermore, Furthermore, alguno alguno and and ningunoninguno drop the drop the final final -o-o before before masculine singular masculine singular nouns similarly, nouns similarly, unouno/one shortens /one shortens toto un un, and , and buenobueno/ / good to good to buenbuen..

• EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:• AlgúnAlgún día día

venderemos venderemos millones./ millones./ SomeSome day we'll sell day we'll sell millions.millions.

• NingúnNingún producto producto está fallado./ está fallado./ NoneNone of the products is of the products is damaged.damaged.

THE USE OF MULTIPLE THE USE OF MULTIPLE NEGATIVE:NEGATIVE:

• 1. Whenever the 1. Whenever the negative words negative words nada, nadie, nunca, nada, nadie, nunca, tampoco, tampoco, follow the follow the verb, verb, nono must COME must COME BEFORE the verb, BEFORE the verb, which produces a which produces a multiple negative multiple negative construction.construction.

• EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:• NoNo como como nunca nunca

espinaca./ I espinaca./ I nevernever eat spinach.eat spinach.

• 2.2. The negative The negative word can be word can be placed at the placed at the end end of the sentence.of the sentence.

• EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:• NoNo como espinaca como espinaca

nunca.nunca./ I / I nevernever eat spinach.eat spinach.

CONTINUED…CONTINUED…

• 3. 3. When the When the negative word negative word precedes the verb, precedes the verb, the wordthe word nono is is NOT NOT used.used.

• EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:• NuncaNunca como como

espinaca./ I espinaca./ I nevernever eat spinach.eat spinach.

• EJEMPLOS: EJEMPLOS:

• I never eat apples.I never eat apples.

• You never walk at You never walk at night.night.

• We never eat We never eat bread.bread.

DOUBLEDOUBLE NONO

• When the When the answeranswer to a to a question is question is negativenegative, , the word the word nono appears appears twicetwice. It appears at . It appears at the beginning of the the beginning of the sentence and also in sentence and also in front of the verb.front of the verb.

NOTE: NOTE: Usually the subject Usually the subject pronoun is omitted in the pronoun is omitted in the answer because the verb answer because the verb ending identifies the subject, as ending identifies the subject, as in the example above.in the example above.

• EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:• Juan: ¿Abren Juan: ¿Abren

ahora?/ Are you ahora?/ Are you going to open going to open now?now?

• Clerk: Clerk: No, noNo, no abrimos hasta las abrimos hasta las diez./ diez./ NoNo, we , we don't don't open until ten.open until ten.

TAMBIÉN/ TAMBIÉN/ Also or tooAlso or too

• TambiénTambién expresses expresses the union of the union of two two affirmative affirmative sentences. sentences. TambiénTambién means means also or too.also or too.

• OR: simply is used OR: simply is used to agree with a to agree with a prior statement.prior statement.

• EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:• Yo quiero comer; Yo quiero comer;

tambiéntambién ellos ellos quieren comer./ I quieren comer./ I want to eat; they want to eat; they want to eat want to eat tootoo..

• Nosotros Nosotros tambiéntambién ganamos la ganamos la competencia./ We competencia./ We alsoalso won the won the competition.competition.

TAMPOCO/ TAMPOCO/ NeitherNeither

• TampocoTampoco means means neitherneither and is and is used to used to unite unite negativenegative sentences.sentences.

• EXAMPLE:EXAMPLE:• Victoria Victoria nono comió, comió,

y yo y yo tampoco.tampoco./ / Victoria Victoria didn'tdidn't eat eat and and neitherneither did I. did I.

Algunas CosasAlgunas Cosas

• Because they are adjectives, algún Because they are adjectives, algún and ningún must agree in…and ningún must agree in…

– Por ejemplo: ningún lápiz; alguna tareaPor ejemplo: ningún lápiz; alguna tarea

• In Spanish, double negatives are In Spanish, double negatives are grammatically correct.grammatically correct.– Por ejemplo: Nunca tengo ninguna Por ejemplo: Nunca tengo ninguna

idea.idea.

*gender & number with the noun they describe*

Practica:Practica:

• I do not have anything in my I do not have anything in my backpack. - No tengo backpack. - No tengo ____________  en mi  en mi mochila.mochila.

• 2. I always eat spaghetti. – Yo 2. I always eat spaghetti. – Yo ________________  como spaghetti. como spaghetti.

• 3. I never drive a Ferrari. - Yo  _______ 3. I never drive a Ferrari. - Yo  _______ conduzco una Ferrari.conduzco una Ferrari.

• 4. Nobody is dancing. -  ________ está 4. Nobody is dancing. -  ________ está bailando.bailando.

Mas Practica: Mas Practica:

• 5. Someone is knocking on the door. - 5. Someone is knocking on the door. - ________ está golpeando la puerta.________ está golpeando la puerta.

• 6. I like ice-cream and I also like chocolate. 6. I like ice-cream and I also like chocolate. Me gusta el helado y Me gusta el helado y __________________ me gusta el  me gusta el chocolate.chocolate.

• 7. I have some books on the shelf. – Tengo 7. I have some books on the shelf. – Tengo ________________  libros en el estante.  libros en el estante.

• 8. I don’t have a blue car. –_________tengo 8. I don’t have a blue car. –_________tengo un auto azul.un auto azul.

• 9. - Me neither. – Yo 9. - Me neither. – Yo __________________  .  .

Algunos ProblemasAlgunos Problemas

Traduce las frases al español.Traduce las frases al español.• I donI don’’t have any pens.t have any pens.

• She does not see the teacher either.She does not see the teacher either.

• We always have some homework.We always have some homework.

• They also explain something.They also explain something.

Yo no tengo ninguna pluma.

Ella no ve al maestro tampoco.

Nosotros siempre tenemos alguna tarea.

Ellos también explican algo.

NOTE: De + el = del

Note: A + el= AL