Pakistan’s foreign Policy
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Transcript of Pakistan’s foreign Policy
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04/08/2023 2
Group Members
Nisar Ahmed1
Muhammad Usman2
Imran Aziz Khan Lodhi3
Ahsan Aslam freedi4
Akber Hayat5
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Contents Foreign policy: Definition Machinery of Formulation of Policy Geo Strategic Importance of Pakistan Pakistan’s foreign policy 1947-2009: Principles of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy Six Important Phases of Pakistan’s Foreign Policies Pak-Afghan Relations Pak-China Relations Pak-India Relations Tashkent Declaration Pak-Iran Relations Pakistan’s Relations with USSR: Pakistan as a member of International Organizations Impact of U.S relations on Pakistan Recommendations:
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Foreign Policy and its Purpose:
Definition Set of goals outlining how the country will interact with other
countries: Economically Politically Socially Militarily
Purpose of Policy Foreign policies are designed to help protect a country's national interests,
national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity.
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Who develop Foreign Policy
President Prime Minister Chief of Army Staff. Ministry of Foreign Affairs High level bureaucrats Intelligence Agencies Pressure Groups and Political Parties
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Principles Of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
Following are basic Principles of Pak. Foreign Policy: National Security Economic Interest Islamic Solidarity Peaceful Co-existence Non-alignment Bilateralism
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Important Phases Of Pakistan’s Foreign Policies
Era of neutrality (1947-53) Era of alliances (1954-62) Era of bilateralism (1962-69) Era of non-aligned movement (1969-1981) Era of revival of policy (1981-1990) Era of regionalism (1991 -1999) Era of war on terror (2001-2007) Foreign policy of current government(2007-to-date)
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Foreign Relations of Pakistan with Neighbor Countries
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Pakistan
Afghanistan
Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations
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Pakistan-Afghanistan Relations
Pakistan shares a long and porous border with Afghanistan (The Durand Line).
Share many cultural, linguistic and ethnic commonalities. During Soviet invasion on Afghanistan in 1979, Pakistani
Government played a vital role in: Supporting the Taliban Assisting Afghan refugees. Providing Health facilities doctors, medicines
Open Border
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Issued Related to Afghanistan
Due to war in Afghanistan: Pakistan has suffered more than any other country.
Other Problems include Refugees Problem Security of the region Terrorists can enter into Pakistan Peaceful Neighbor is important
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Pak-China Relations
Pakistan
China
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Pak-China Relations
In 1950 Pakistan recognized the new People's Republic of China first Muslim country to do so. Road was built linking China's Xinjiang-Uygur Autonomous Region
with the Northern Areas of Pakistan. China Provided Pakistan with economic and military assistance in
1965 and 1971 wars with India Favorable relations with China have been a pillar of Pakistan's
foreign policy China is supplying a range of modern weapons to the Pakistani
defense forces. Trade between Islamabad and Beijing now hovers around $7 billion
a year
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China’s Projects in Pakistan
Heavy Engineering, Power Generation, Mining, And Telecommunications-- ZonG Investment $4 Billion In 2007 Gawadar Port Pakistan Aeronautical
Complex, Kamra
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Pak-china Projects
Karakorum Road
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Pak-India Relations
Pakistan
India
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Pak-India Relations
Considered Big Rivals of Each other Kashmir :A major cause of Rivalry Indus waters Treaty: September 19, 1960 in Karachi by Indian
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and the then President of Pakistan Field Marshal Mohammad Ayub Khan.
World bank as is a signatory as a third party. Fought two Wars 1965,1971 Shimla Accord in July 1972 by Zulifiqar Ali Bhutto They agreed to a "Line of Control" (ceasefire line) February 1997, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif moved to resume an
official dialogue with India.
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Pak-India Relations
Kargil War 1998 Pervez Musharraf came to power on October 12, 1999 and
contiuned dialogue process. 2007 the two countries agreed to start flights between their capitals. Samjhota Express Blast Mumbai Attacks in 2008 Dialogue Process finished after Mumbai Attacks in 2008 India a Important Factor of Pakistan’s Foreign Policy
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Big Events: Breakout relations
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Tashkent Declaration
After the war in 1965 The prime minister of India and the president of Pakistan, met
in Tashkent on 10 January 1966, At the invitation of the chairman of the council of ministers of
the soviet union Made a treaty between them known as Tashkent declaration/
treaty Withdrawal of all armed personnel of both sides to the
positions they had held prior to 5 august 1965 should be completed by 25 February 1966
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Pak-Iran Relations
Pakistan
Iran
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Pak-Iran Relations
In 1947 Iran was the first country to recognize the newly independent state of Pakistan.
The Iran- Pakistan- India pipeline is currently under discussion. Pakistan has the second largest shia population in the Muslim world
after Iran. Shias are in a majority in the city of gilgit in northern areas, jhang,
parachinar. So Pakistani shias Love Iran. Government is trying to maintain good relations with Iran. Sunni sect of Pakistan Opposes relations with Iran due to Shiat.
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Pak-Iran Relations
2005, Iran and Pakistan conducted U.S. $500 million of trade. Trade going up by £1.4 billion in 2009. Trade with Iran (in $Million)
Year Exports Imports Total Trade Balance
2005-06 188.056 449.959 638.015 -261.903
2006-07 167.545 405.767 573.312 - 230.222
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Pakistan’s Relations with USSR
Pakistan
Russia
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Pakistan’s Relations with USSR
No recognition of Pakistan by USSR in 1947 Relations fluctuated from cool to aggressive and unfriendly 1949: Liaqat ali khan Visited USA instead of USSR March 22, 1950: The first ambassador was named for Pakistan Pakistan’s decision to join the Western security alliance system,
SEATO in 1954 and CENTO in 1955, wasn’t appreciated by USSR. March-April 1954, a delegation of the Soviet cultural troupe toured
Pakistan. August 1960, Soviet offered long term loan of US$30 million for
oil exploration, helped in restoration of relations April 1965: First direct personal contact in 18 years between the top
leaders of Pakistan and USSR.
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Pakistan’s Relations with USSR
January 10, 1966: The Soviet Union played the forefront role to sign ‘Tashkent Declaration’
January 1966: barter deal :Rice for Vehicles and road building and engineering machinery
December 6, 1971, the Soviet Union vetoed resolution supported by the US. For cease-fire in East-Pakistan
1979: war Between Russia and Afghanistan effected the relations with Pakistan.
Pakistan Show his support for afghans and U.S.A. Now situation has changed. Pak has started Trade with Russia
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Pakistan’s Relations with USSR
Year Exports Imports Total Trade Balance
2005-2006 52.419 459.200 511.619 -406.78
2006-2007 83.397 275.874 275.874 -192.477
*The Trade between Pakistan And Russia is as follows (In US $: Millions)
*Source: Ministry of commerce website
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Relations With USA
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Impact of U.S.A. relations On Pakistan
Negative impact Pakistan has considered USA as an important ally from its
independence in 1947. First visit of Pakistan’s Prime minister Liaqat Ali Khan To USA in
1949, instead of USSR, Without formal refusal to the invitation made by USSR government Pakistan has suffered a Lot By showing friendship towards the USA Strong Ally of USA in 1970’s Russian war against Taliban In 2001: Pakistan agreed to become a strong Partner with USA on
WAR on terror. Pakistan’s Image as an Islamic country has been vanished due to
friendship with USA. Nowadays, presence of USA and NATO forces in Afghanistan and
Black Water in Pakistan is a big threat to Pakistan’s nuclear Program.
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Big Event : Changed History After 9/11 Relations with USA changed completely. Pakistan helped USA to attack Afghanistan
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Impact of U.S.A. relations On Pakistan
Positive Impact: USA Has Given millions of Dollars to Pakistan as an aid for the
Military and Economic Development in following areas: Civil liberties. Political rights. Voice and accountability. Government effectiveness. Rule of law. Control of corruption. Immunization rates. Public expenditure on health. Girls’ primary education completion rate.
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Impact of U.S.A. relations On Pakistan
Public expenditure on primary education. Natural resource management. Business start-up. Land rights and access. Trade policy. Regulatory quality. Inflation control. Fiscal policy Currently USA Government has approved a bill known as Kerry
Lugar bill. Provide $1.50 Million Dollars annually Strongly Condemned by the Pak. Army, political parties and
common public.
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Trade With USA
Source: http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c5350.html#2009
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Pakistan as a member of International Organizations
United Nations (UN) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) World Trade Organization (WTO) South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA ) European Free Trade Association (EFTA),
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Recommendations: Take measures to change Pakistan’s image in other countries. Improve Security Measures in Pakistan Take necessary measures to maintain good and long term relations
with other countries. make policies which could help to increase exports. Create a Clear point of view about war on terror. maintain good relations with Muslim countries especially with Arab
states. Create awareness in our nation to change their views toward
government.
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