PAGING SYSTEM

• Paging systems are operated by commercial carriers, often as a subscription service, and they are also operated directly by end users as private systems.

• Commercial carrier systems tend to cover a larger geographical area than private systems, while private systems tend to cover their limited area more thoroughly and deliver messages faster than commercial systems.

• In all systems, clients send messages to pagers, an activity commonly referred to as paging.

Background: (History)• In 1921, the first pager-like system was in use by the Detroit

Police Department. However, it was not until 1949 that the very first telephone pager was patented. The inventor's name was Al Gross and his pagers were first used in New York City's Jewish Hospital. Al Gross' pager was not a consumer device available to everyone. The FCC did not approve the pager for public use until 1958.

• In 1962 the Bell System—the U.S. telephone monopoly colloquially known as "Ma Bell"—presented its Bellboy radio paging system at the Seattle World's Fair. Bellboy was the first commercial system for personal paging. Solid-state circuitry enabled the Bellboy pager, about the size of a small TV remote device, to fit into a customer's pocket or purse, quite a feat at that time. The Bellboy is a terminal that notifies the user when someone is trying to call. When the person receives an audible signal (a buzz) on the pager, he finds a telephone and calls the service center, which informs him of the caller's message.

• A radio system designed for alerting or sending messages to individuals. The radio paging system was invented by Al Gross, who also invented the walkie talkie, CB radio, and cordless telephone.The first system, which Gross sold to New York's Jewish Hospital in 1950, employed a centralized antenna that could broadcast alerts to small, inexpensive pagers, or beepers.

• By 1990, wide-area paging had been invented and over 22 million pagers were in use. By 1994, there were over 61 million pagers in use and pagers became popular for personal use.

How Do Pagers Work

• Pagers or beepers are portable communication and messengering devices. One person sends a text message using a touch-tone telephone or even an email that gets forwarded to the pager of the person they want to talk to. Then the person carrying the pager either gets an audible beep or vibration that lets them know that a message is incoming. An incoming phone number or text message is displayed on the pagers' LCD screen.

PAGER:- Also known as a beeper or bleeper- A pager is a dedicated RF or radio frequency device that allows the pager user to receive messages broadcast on a specific frequency over a special network of radio base stations.- It is a wireless telecommunications device that receives and displays numeric or text messages, or receives and announces voice messages.

Two Types of :1.) One-way pagers:

-can only receive messages

2.)two-way pagers:-receive messages and can also acknowledge,

reply to, and originate messages using an internal transmitter

One

• Pagers themselves vary from very cheap and simple beepers, to more complex personal communications equipment, falling into eight main categories:

Main categories1.) Beepers or Tone-only Pagers - are the simplest form of paging. They were named beepers because they originally made a beeping noise, but current pagers in this category use other forms of alert as well. Some use audio signals, others light up and some vibrate, often used in combination.

2.) Voice/Tone pagers - provide the ability to listen to a recorded voice message when an alert is received.

3.) Numeric Pagers - contain a numeric LCD display capable of displaying the calling phone number or other numeric information generally up to 10 digits. The display can also convey pager codes, a set of number codes corresponding to mutually understood pre-defined messages.

4.) Alphanumeric Pagers - contain a more sophisticated LCD capable of displaying text and icons. These devices receive text messages, often through email or direct connection to the paging system.

5.) Response Pagers - are alphanumeric pagers equipped with built-in transmitters, with the ability to acknowledge/confirm messages. They also allow the user to reply to messages by way of a multiple-choice response list, and to initiate canned messages from pre-programmed address and message lists. These devices are sometimes called "1.5-way pagers" or "1.7-way pagers" depending on capabilities.

6.) Two-way Pagers are response pagers with built-in QWERTY keyboards. These pagers allow the user reply to messages, originate messages, and forward messages using free-form text as well as canned responses.

7.) One-way Modems are controllers with integrated paging receivers, which are capable of taking local action based on messages and data they receive.

8.) Two-way Modems have capabilities similar to one-way modems, and can also confirm messages and transmit their own messages and data.

Examples

A Motorola Advisor alphanumeric pager used in Brazil in the 1990s, operated by Teletrim

Gold Apollo Co., Ltd. Tone-Only Pager

Two way pager with GSM capability

A dual-frequency Unication pager for use by EMS units