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Hoof, J. van, Mazej, M. & Hensen, J.L.M. (2010).

Thermal comfort: research and practice.

Frontiers in Bioscience, 15(2), 765-788.

Thermal comfort: research and practice

Joost van Hoof1, Mitja Mazej2, Jan L.M. Hensen3

1Hogeschool Utrecht University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Care, Research Centre for Innovation in Health Care,

Bolognalaan 101, 3584 CJ Utrecht, the Netherlands, 2University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6,

SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, 3Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Architecture, Building and Planning, Den

Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, the Netherlands

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Abstract

2. Introduction3. Thermal comfort models

3.1. The PMV-model

3.1.1. The model and its application3.1.2. Validity of the model3.1.3. Semantics and thermoneutrality as an ideal3.1.4. Application in non-air conditioned buildings and extensions

3.2. Adaptive thermal comfort and personal control3.2.1. Adaptation and thermal comfort3.2.2. Adaptive opportunities and personal control

4. Thermal comfort standards4.1. Standards and the PMV-model4.2. Local discomfort, transient conditions and long-term evaluation in standards4.3. Adaptive thermal comfort in standards and the relation to the PMV-model4.4. Interactions with other parameters

4.5. Health and comfort5. Advances in computerization: modeling and performance

5.1. Computerization and simulation5.2. Task performance, productivity and the thermal environment

5.3. Multi-segmental models of human physiology5.4. Thermal manikins

6. Conclusion7. Acknowledgement8. References

1. ABSTRACT

Thermal comfort -the state of mind, which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment- is an important aspect

of the building design process as modern man spends most of the day indoors. This paper reviews the developments in indoorthermal comfort research and practice since the second half of the 1990s, and groups these developments around two mainthemes; (i) thermal comfort models and standards, and (ii) advances in computerization. Within the first theme, the PMV -model(Predicted Mean Vote), created by Fanger in the late 1960s is discussed in the light of the emergence of models of adaptive

thermal comfort. The adaptive models are based on adaptive opportunities of occupants and are related to options of personalcontrol of the indoor climate and psychology and performance. Both models have been considered in the latest round of thermalcomfort standard revisions. The second theme focuses on the ever increasing role played by computerization in thermal comfortresearch and practice, including sophisticated multi-segmental modeling and building performance simulation, transient thermal

conditions and interactions, thermal manikins.

2. INTRODUCTION

Thermal comfort is an important aspect of the building design process as modern man spends most of the day indoors.

Thermal comfort is defined as the state of mind, which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment 1; a definitionquickly comprehended, but hard to capture in physical parameters. There exist extensive modeling and standardization forthermal comfort, which depend both on physical and physiological parameters, as well as on psychology. The thermalenvironment itself can be described as the characteristics of the environment that affect the heat exchange between the human

body and the environment. Thermal comfort research and practice is not a static field, in contrary, ever since the emergence of

air-conditioning in the built environment the field has expanded. One of the highlights in research was the development of thePMV-model (Predicted Mean Vote) by Fanger2 in the late 1960s, which is used for evaluating indoor thermal comfort and formsthe basis of present day thermal comfort standards. Other indices used are Gagge et al.s3New Effective Temperature (ET*) andStandard New Effective Temperature (SET*), as well as operative temperature.