page 1 · 2020. 9. 9. · your F47 Sag Generator, and are available at the flip of a switch. Or you...

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www.PowerStandards.com2000 Powell Street, #1200

Emeryville, California 94608 U.S.A.++1-510-596-1718

(c) 2000 Power Standards Testing Laboratory. All rights reserved. Noparts of this document may be copied, reproduced, or translated to an-other language without the prior written consent of Power StandardsTesting Laboratory.

The information contained in this document is subject to change withoutnotice.

PSTL MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARDTO THIS MATERIAL, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY ANDFITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE.

PSL shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or conse-quential dmages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use ofthis material.

Printed in the United States of America.First Printing: February 2000

WARNING: Death, serious injury, or fire hazard could resultfrom improper connection of this instrument. Read and under-stand manual before connecting this instrument.

AVERTISSEMENT: Si l'instrument est mal connecté, lamort, des blessures graves, ou un danger d'incendie peuvents'en suivre. Lisez attentivement le manuel avant de connecterl'instrument.

WARNUNG: Der falsche Anschluß dieses Gerätes kann Tod,schwere Verletzungen oder Feuer verursachen. Bevor Siedieses Instrument anschließen, müssen Sie die Anleitunglesen und verstanden haben.

ADVERTENCIA: Una conexión incorrecta de esteinstrumento puede producir la muerte, lesiones graves y riesgode incendio. Lea y entienda el manual antes de conectar.

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Chapter 1 – Specifications........................... Page 61.1 General and Agency Approvals1.2 Sag generator specifications1.3 Environment / mechanical1.4 Data acquisition system specifications1.5 Instrument power

Chapter 2 - F47 Sag Generator Features .... Page 82.1 What is a voltage sag?2.2 Why generate sags?2.3 Why use a multi-channel data acquisition system?2.4 Useful technical features of your F472.5 Safety features of your F47

Chapter 3 - Control panel............................ Page 113.1 Control panel overview3.2 On/Off toggle3.3 Warning lights3.4 Function selector switch3.5 Manual sag controls3.6 Voltage and current DVM’s – input and output3.7 User DVM’s3.8 TTL sag trigger – in and out3.9 External data logger connections

Chapter 4 - Rear panel............................... Page 174.1 Rear panel overview4.2 Instrument power and on/off switch4.3 User data acquisition channels – high voltage4.4 User data acquisition channels – low voltage4.5 Computer interface4.6 Field wiring enclosure

Chapter 5 - Electric Power connections...... Page 205.1 Safety requirements5.2 Acceptable voltages and currents5.3 Connecting for single-phase operation5.4 Connecting for three-phase-wye5.5 Connecting for three-phase delta5.6 Connecting additional sag generators

Chapter 6 – Software interface................. Page 256.1 Software interface overview(continued)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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(continued)6.2 Software manual

Chapter 7 – Maintenance & installation ....... Page 267.1 Removing power7.2 User-serviceable parts7.3 Fuse replacement7.4 Cleaning the fan filters7.5 Installing in a 19-inch rack7.6 Calibration and Repair Manual

For service and support, contact the factory at www.PowerStandards.com.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Symbol Meaning

Caution. Risk of electric shock.

Caution. Refer to this manual.

Fuse. Replace only with indicated rating andtype.

Alternating current

Protective conductor terminal (earth)

Heavy. Risk of injury. Do not attempt to liftby yourself.

Heavy. Use cart to transport.

Heavy. Lift with a partner.

SYMBOL TABLE

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Agency approvals Designed for U.L. listing (both U.S. and Canada). CEcertified. FCC compliant. Fully meets requirements of IEC-1010, SEMI F42, and IEC-61000-4-11. Fully meets bothrequirements and recommendations of SEMI F47.

SPECIFICATIONS

General specifications

Operating environment Indoor use. Altitude up to 2000 m. Ambient temperature between 5°Cand 40°C. Max relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to 30°C,decreasing linearly to 50% RH at 40°C.

Environment, mechanical

Equipment ratings Rated as Class I equipment. Rated for Installation Category II(local level, appliances, portable equipment etc. with smaller transientovervoltages than installation category III), except 600V measuringterminals are rated for Installation Category III. Rated for PollutionDegree 2 (Normally, only non-conductive pollution occurs.)

Rack-mount installation Mounts in standard 19-inch rack. Requires 8.5” (216 mm) ofvertical rack space. Requires 6” (15 cm) of rear panel clearance. Steelreinforcement brackets support rear of instrument.

Transport case Heavily ribbed, gray, rotationally-molded polyethylenetransport case. Heavy reinforced handles on each side.

Weight ~100 lbs (~45 kg)

Input voltage and current 100 Vrms - 480 Vrms, 0.5A - 50 A, 50/60 Hz. Specified at20°C ambient; derate max current by 2% per °C up to 40°C ambient.

Sag Generator

Power connection Single phase: line-to-neutral.Three-phase: line-to-neutral or line-to-line.

Sag depth 110%, 100%-40%, and 0% of input voltage. Ratio accuracy±1%. Insertion loss less than 3.5 Vrms at rated current.

Sag duration 10.5 cycles - 999.5 cycles. Duration automatically limited at highcurrents by built-in duty-cycle and temperature limits.

Sag phase angle Manual switch or software. Sometimes called “point on wave”. 0°defined by positive-going zero-crossing on input voltage, 50/60 Hz. 0° /180°

Sag trigger (input) Manual switch; TTL input (falling edge); or software. Sagbegins 2 cycles after trigger. A burst of pulses will trigger ExternalControl shutdown.

Sag trigger (output) TTL output (falling edge) Activates two cycles prior to beginning ofsag. Outputs a burst of pulses when any shutdown event occurs.May be used to interconnect up to 16 Model F47 Sag Generators. Maybe used to trigger an external data acquisition system or oscilloscope.

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SPECIFICATIONS

±1% reading ± 0,2% full scale

User specified.Defaults to 1kHz sampling on all channels, for 2 cycles before sag

through 2 cycles after sag.

All channels are floating, full-differential. Calibration controlsadjust +gain, -gain, and offset.

600 Vrms (±1000 V instantaneous).Internally connected to voltage in and voltage out. 4-digit DMM display

on front panel shows true RMS voltage. Analog out on front panel BNCjacks, voltage ratio 100:1.

Accuracy

Data Acquisition System

Sampling buffer and rate

Calibration controls

Channels 1+, 1-, 3+, and 3-

75 Arms (±150A instantaneous).Internally connected to current in and current out. 4-digit DMM display

on front panel shows true RMS current. Analog out on front panel BNCjacks, ratio 100 amps:1 volt.

Channels 2, 4

600 Vrms (±1000 V instantaneous), AC or DC.User input on front-panel safety-shrouded banana jacks. 4-digit DMM

display on front panel shows true RMS voltage. Analog out on frontpanel BNC jacks, voltage ratio 100:1.

Channels 5+, 5-

50 Vrms (±100 V instantaneous), AC or DC.User input on front-panel safety-shrouded banana jacks. 4-digit DMM

display on front panel shows true RMS voltage. Analog out on frontpanel BNC jacks, voltage ratio 10:1.

Channels 6+, 6-

600 Vrms (±1000 V instantaneous).User input on rear-panel safety-shrouded banana jacks.

Channels 7+, 7-, 8+, 8-, 9+,9-

±25 V instantaneousUser input on rear-panel floating BNC connectors. Note that shield of

BNC connector is negative channel input, and is not connected toground.

Channels 10+, 10-, 11+, 11-,12+, 12-, 13+, 13-, 14+, 14-

90-132 VAC / 175-264VAC, 50/60 Hz, 3 amps max Instrument power

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F47 SAG GENERATOR FEATURES

2.1 What is a voltage sag?

A voltage sag, or dip, is a brief reduction in RMS voltage onan AC power circuit. Typically, a voltage sag duration isbetween one cycle and a few seconds; longer events areusually called “undervoltages”.

Common causes of voltage sags include distant faults, orshort circuits, on a utility power grid; sudden, large in-creases in current, typically caused by a motor starting or alarge electronic load being connected; and voltage regula-tion faults.

Voltage sags can disrupt sensitive electronic equipment infour different ways. First, there may not be enough energyavailable during a voltage sag to continue to operate all, orpart of, the equipment. Second, a circuit within the equip-ment may detect the voltage sag and consequently decideto shut down the equipment, whether that action is appropri-ate or not. Third, a voltage sag on one phase of a three-phase system can trip phase unbalance or phase rotationrelays. And fourth, the end of the voltage sag often involvesa rapid increase in line voltage, which can inadvertently tripthe equipment’s “power-on-reset” circuits.

These are difficult problems to diagnose, because theyhappen at random, and they are very brief. The symptom isoften simply that the sensitive equipment misbehaves ormalfunctions for no apparent reason.

2.2 Why generate sags?

The simplest way to solve voltage sag problems is to makethe equipment immune to common voltage sags. And thesimplest way to increase sag immunity is to apply sags ofcontrolled depth and duration to the equipment, find outwhat goes wrong, and fix it.

Your F47 Sag Generator is designed to apply sags ofcontrolled depth and duration to your equipment, and torecord exactly how your equipment responds.

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2.3 Why use a multi-channel data acquisition system?

It isn’t necessary to use a multi-channel data acquisitionsystem during sag testing, but it helps.

If you simply need to verify that your sensitive equipmentcan tolerate a particular range of voltage sags, a dataacquisition system is not necessary. Just apply the sags,and see if your equipment misbehaves.

However, if your equipment does misbehave, it is useful toknow exactly what happened. Your F47 Sag Generatorcontains many channels of high-speed data acquisition.Some of these channels are permanently connected to acpower voltages and currents, but many of them are uncom-mitted.

You can use these uncommitted channels to monitor highvoltages and low voltages inside your equipment. Commonmonitoring points include power supply outputs, emergencyshutdown contacts, reset lines, and unbalance detectionlines.

With the data gathered by the F47 data acquisition system,you will quickly determine how and why your equipment ismisbehaving. A solution is usually easy to design andinstall, and you can re-test to verify that you have, in fact,increased your voltage sag immunity.

2.4 Useful technical features of your F47

Your F47 Sag Generator has both manual and computer-driven controls. Use the manual controls for set-up andquick testing; use the computer-driven controls for auto-mated testing and remote operation.

Many of the data acquisition channels provide isolated, low-voltage outputs that you can connect to external dataacquisition systems, such as strip chart recorders andoscilloscopes. A TTL output signal notifies you that a sagwill begin in two cycles.

You can trigger a sag with the switch on the front panel, orwith a TTL input, or through your computer.

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The most common standard tests are pre-programmed intoyour F47 Sag Generator, and are available at the flip of aswitch. Or you can dial in your own sag depth, duration,and phase angle right on the front panel.

2.5 Safety features of your F47

Your F47 Sag Generator has many levels of protection,including fuses, overcurrent and overvoltage sensing,ambient temperature sensing, and internal temperaturesensing. Although it is impossible to protect against allinstallation or operation errors, your F47 Sag Generatordoes its best.

Careful connection to protective earth, both through theinstrument power cord and the Field Wiring Enclosure,coupled with advanced construction techniques, enhancesafety during operations.

An interlock switch shuts down output power when thefasteners of the Field Wiring Enclosure begin to open.


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CONTROL PANEL

3.1 Control Panel overview

For simple tests, you can operate your F47 Sag Generatorwith the manual controls on its front panel. The front panelincludes displays that show the state of your F47 SagGenerator, switches that let you alter its state, and usefulconnectors that are described in more detail below.

When the front-panel BNC connectors are not in use, werecommend that you keep them covered with their protec-tive caps.

3.2 On/Standby toggle

You can connect or remove power from the Field WiringEnclosure, and from the equipment under test, by raising orlowering this switch momentarily. Note that the“Standby” position does not remove power from yourF47 Sag Generator. To remove power from the instru-ment, disconnect instrument power and Field WiringEnclosure power from the rear of the F47 Sag Generator.

If the light above the switch is Green, power is connectedthrough your F47 Sag Generator to your equipment undertest. If the light under the switch is Red, power is discon-nected from your equipment under test.

There are only two ways to switch the light to Green, andturn on your equipment under test: momentarily raise theOn/Standby toggle, or issue a command through the RS-232 port.

However, there are many different ways to switch the lightto Red, and turn off your equipment under test, includingmomentarily depressing the On/Standby toggle; activatingany of the warning lights; issuing a command through theRS-232 port; or receiving a command from an intercon-nected F47 Sag Generator.

Note: you can reset your F47 Sag Generator’s micropro-cessors by depressing the On/Standby toggle and holding itdown for 3 seconds.

Use the on/off toggle to connectand disconnect power from yourequipment under test.

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CONTROL PANEL

3.3 Warning lights

The warning lights are green when OK, and red whenactivated. When a warning light activates (with the excep-tion of Output Undercurrent), your F47 Sag Generator willautomatically disconnect power from your equipment undertest.

Once a warning light has disconnected power from yourequipment under test, the power will not automatically bereconnected when the reason for the warning has beenremoved. For example, if the Temperature warning lightactivates, power will be removed from your equipment undertest. Once the temperature has fallen back to acceptablelevels, the Temperature light will turn green; but power willnot be re-applied to your equipment until you manually raisethe On/Off toggle, or you send in a command through theRS-232 port.

The Interlock warning light activates when the screws thatclose the Field Wiring Enclosure are not fully fastened.

The Temperature warning light activates when the Chassistemperature exceeds 65°C, or when the ambient air tem-perature near the air exit at the upper right of the front panelexceeds 55°C. It will automatically return to green when thetemperature falls to acceptable levels.

The External control warning light activates when a shut-down command is received from the RS-232 port, or from aninterconnected F47 Sag Generator. Such a command isissued if one of the interconnected F47 Sag Generators hasdetected a problem, such as overtemperature.

The Input Undervoltage warning light activates if the inputvoltage is lower than the minimum required level (seeSpecifications).

The Input Overvoltage warning light activates if the inputvoltage is higher than the maximum acceptable level (seeSpecifications).

The Input Overcurrent warning light activates if the inputcurrent is greater than the maximum acceptable level (see

The warning lights indicatepotential problems with your testsetup.

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CONTROL PANEL

Specifications). This light will remain blinking red until oneof the following: 30 seconds has elapsed; or the On/Offtoggle is activated; or an On or Off command is receivedfrom the RS-232 port. Note that input current will bereduced to zero as soon as the Input Overcurrent warninglight is activated, because power will be removed from yourequipment under test.

The Output Overcurrent warning light activates if the outputcurrent is greater than the maximum acceptable level (seeSpecifications). This light will remain blinking red until oneof the following: 30 seconds has elapsed; or the On/Offtoggle is activated; or an On or Off command is receivedfrom the RS-232 port. Note that output current will bereduced to zero as soon as the Ouput Overcurrent warninglight is activated, because power will be removed from yourequipment under test.

The Output Undercurrent warning light activates yellow if theoutput current is lower than the minimum required level (seespecifications). This is the only warning light that does notautomatically disconnect power from your equipment undertest; however, the performance of your F47 Sag Generatoris not guaranteed while this warning light is active, and theoutput voltage may change erratically. Find a way toincrease the output current draw, such as adding anadditional load in parallel with your equipment under test.At low voltages, a simple incandescent lamp is usuallysufficient.

3.4 Function Selector switch

The Function Selector switch lets you set up convenient,pre-programmed tests at the flip of a switch. It will auto-matically load the depth, duration, and phase angle dis-plays with appropriate test values. To control your F47 SagGenerator from a computer (either locally, remotely viamodem, or remotely via Internet/Intranet), move the Func-tion Selector switch to RS-232.

To control you F47 Sag Generator manually, rotate theThe Function Selector switchgives you pre-programmed testparameters at the flip of a switch.

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CONTROL PANEL

Function Selector switch fully clockwise.

3.5 Manual sag controls

Use the manual sag controls to configure, and trigger, avoltage sag.

Use the up/down toggle next to the Depth display to controlthe sag depth, expressed in percent of the input voltage.Note that you can set the sag depth as high as 110%,which will actually cause your “sag” to be a voltage swell.You can set the sag depth to 100%, which will cause nosag as all. And you can set the sag depth as low as 0%,which will cause your sag to be an interruption. For ex-ample, set this display to 60%, and connect 240 Vrms inthe Field Wiring Enclosure, and your sag will drop thevoltage to 144 Vrms.

Use the up/down toggle next to the Duration display tocontrol the sag duration, expressed in cycles. Your F47Sag Generator examines the input voltage in the FieldWiring Enclosure and automatically detects and configuresfor 50 Hz or 60 Hz. For example, set this display to 20.0cycles, and your sag will endure for 400 milliseconds (if youhave 50 Hz voltage) or 333 milliseconds (if you have 60 Hzvoltage).

Use the up/down toggle next to the Angle display to controlthe sag commencement phase angle, expressed in degreesafter the positive-going voltage zero-crossing. For example,set this display to 180°, and your sag will commence at anegative-going zero crossing on the input voltage in theField Wiring Enclosure.

Press down on the Sag toggle, and a voltage sag willcommence. The yellow light below the Sag toggle willremain on throughout the sag. Due to duty-cycle limits, theSag switch will not be re-armed after the sag for approxi-mately three times the sag duration (but in manual testing,this is generally happens so quickly that you will be un-aware of it). The sag actually commences a short timeafter you press down on the Sag toggle. First, your F47 Sag

Set sag parameters manually withthe up/down toggle switches.

You can manually trigger a sagby pressing down on the Sagtoggle.

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CONTROL PANEL

Generator synchronizes to the input voltage phase; then itputs out a TTL Trigger output for two cycles prior to com-mencing the sag; then it actually commences the sag(again, in manual testing, this happens so quickly that youwill probably be unaware of the delay).

3.6 Voltage and Current DVM’s – input and output

These digital meters are internally connected to the volt-ages and currents entering and leaving your F47 SagGenerator’s Field Wiring Enclosure – there’s no need foryou to worry about the safety and security of connectinghand-held meters. These meters all show true RMS values.On your F47 Sag Generator’s data acquisition system,these meters are treated as Channels 1 through 4, and aresampled at high speed during voltage sags.

3.7 User DVM’s

For convenience, your F47 Sag Generator has two frontpanel digital volt meters. The upper DVM is scaled for 600Vrms, and the lower DVM is scaled for 50 Vrms. BothDVM’s have floating, full differential inputs; either terminalmay be connected to earth, or both terminals may be leftfloating. Both DVM’s read true RMS, and show correctvalues for either AC or DC signals. On your F47 SagGenerator’s data acquisition system, your connection tothese DVM’s are treated as Channel 5 and Channel 6, andare sampled at high speed during voltage sags.

3.8 TTL Trigger – in and out

The TTL Trigger In and TTL Trigger Out signals are TTL-level(0V, 5V) logic signals. Do not connect other voltages tothese connectors.

The TTL Trigger Out connector is useful for triggeringexternal oscilloscopes or other equipment. It is active onits falling edge; the sag will commence two cycles after thissignal activates, so pre-trigger data can be conveniently

True RMS voltage and currentmeters show you power into andout of your F47 Sag Generator.

Use the convenient front panelDVM’s to check power suppliesand other critical signals insideyour equipment under test.

TTL-level signals make externalsynchronization simple andquick.

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CONTROL PANEL

recorded.

The TTL Trigger In connector has the same logical functionas manually depressing the Sag toggle switch.

You can quickly and easily interconnect F47 Voltage SagGenerators by cabling the TTL Trigger Out connector of onegenerator to the TTL Trigger In connector of the nextgenerator.

A continuing burst of pulses from the TTL Trigger Outconnector indicates that at least one of the Warning Lightsis active.

A continuing burst of pulses received on the TTL Trigger Inconnector will activate the External Control warning light.

3.9 External data logger connections

Each meter has an associated voltage signal outputavailable on a BNC connector. These signals are digitizedand stored by your F47 Sag Generator’s Data AcquisitionSystem; however, you can conveniently connect thesesignals to an oscilloscope, strip chart recorder, etc. Unlikethe meter inputs, these output signals are referenced toground, on the shield of the BNC connector, and are scaledfor convenience, either at 100V:1V (in other words, a 480Vrms input voltage will appear as a 4.8 Vrms signal on theBNC connector), 10V:1V, or 100A:1V (in other words, a 50Arms input current will appear as a 500 mVrms signal onthe BNC connector). These output signals are DC-coupled,and are available continuously.

Analog signal outputs, availableon BNC connectors next to eachmeter, make it easy and safe toconnect external data loggingsystems or oscilloscopes tosupplement your F47’s internaldata acquisition system.

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REAR PANEL

4.1 Rear Panel Overview

The rear panel of your F47 Sag Generator provides powerconnections, a computer connection, and connections foradditional channels of your data acquisition system.

4.2 Instrument power and on/off switch

Connect instrument power here; see the specifications foracceptable voltages and frequencies. The instrument powersupply automatically adjusts to the voltage and frequency.The on-off switch is also a circuit breaker; if the on-offswitch moves to its off position by itself, return your F47Sag Generator to the factory for repairs.

Note that there are two sources of power in your F47 SagGenerator: this connector, and the power connections in theField Wiring Enclosure. To remove power, remove bothsources.

4.3 User data acquisition channels – high voltage

Three additional channels of high voltage inputs are avail-able on the rear panel: Channels 7, 8, and 9. Each of thesechannels is rated at 600 Vrms, and is a floating differentialchannel (in other words, neither terminal is connected toground; the channel behaves just like a digital volt meter).These channels are sampled at high speed during a voltagesag. Unlike the two User DVM’s on the front panel, how-ever, there is no display associated with these channels;the display for these channels is in the software.

4.4 User data acquisition channels – low voltage

Five additional channels of low voltage inputs are availableon the rear panel: Channel 10 through Channel 14. Each ofthese channels is rated at ±25 Volts, and is a floatingdifferential channel. Unlike an oscilloscope, the shield onthese channels is not connected to ground, so you canconnect either terminal to any voltage that is within thespecifications; the reading on the channel will be the

The F47 Sag Generatorinstrument power supplyautomatically adjusts to thecorrect voltage and frequencysettings.

Additional data acquisitionchannels, scaled for 600 volts,are isolated from ground. Usethem to record power supplies, oradditional power voltages.

The low voltage data acquisitionchannels are floating (the shieldis not connected to ground),making power supply recordingeasy and safe.

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REAR PANEL

difference between the voltages on shield and the centerpin. If you choose to ground the shield, the reading will bethe voltage difference from ground, just like an oscilloscope.If you choose not to ground the shield, you can treat theshield and the center pin like the two inputs to a DVM. Thisflexible arrangement makes it convenient to measurefloating power supplies, batteries, contact closures, etc.

4.5 Computer interface

The computer interface is a standard RS-232 serial port,and it may be connected directly to any serial port on a PC.It defaults to 9600 baud, but will adapt to any higher orlower standard baud rate.

Once connected to the PC, the software permits you toexamine and control your F47 Sag Generator over theInternet or an Intranet – see the F47 Software manual.

You can also connect your F47 Sag Generator’s serial portto an external modem, through a null-modem cable. YourF47 will automatically recognize the modem, and willconfigure it as an auto-answering modem. This permitsremote operation and diagnosis of your F47 Sag Generator.For further information, see the F47 Software Manual.

4.6 Field wiring enclosure

Use a #2 Philips-head screw driver to open the Field WiringEnclosure. This is where you connect the power that willflow to your equipment under test (see Chapter 5 forspecific instructions). All conductors entering the fieldwiring enclosure must be stranded, with insulation rated for105°C, and of appropriate cross-section for the current. Theprotective earth connector must be capable of carrying all ofthe available current.

The computer interface gives youextra control over your F47 SagGenerator, and lets you use thebuilt-in data acquisition system.You can connect your F47 SagGenerator to the Internet, too.

Make your connections to mainpower, and to your equipmentunder test, in the Field WiringEnclosure. See Chapter 5 fordetails.

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4.7 Fans and filters

Do not block airflow to the fans during operation. You canremove the air filters for periodic cleaning; see Chapter 7.

REAR PANEL

The fans provide cooling airflowto the instrument.

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5.1 Safety requirements

Do not make electric power connections unless you arequalified to do so.

Follow all local safety codes, practices, and requirements.They take precedence over the instructions here.

Conductors from the field wiring enclosure of your F47 SagGenerator should be connected to a power source that isequipped with a disconnect switch, and with a current-limiting device (fuse or circuit breaker) rated at 50 amps orless. Avoid lengthy conductors between this power sourceand your F47 Sag Generator; install your F47 Sag Genera-tor as close as practical to this power source.

Always install a protective earth conductor with a crosssection adequate to carry all available current (minimumsize 0 AWG, 54 mm sq).

All conductors entering the field wiring enclosure must bestranded, with insulation rated for 105°C, and of adequatecross-section for the available current.

Disconnect and lock out power before making or removingconnections to you F47 Sag Generator.

5.2 Acceptable voltages and currents

See Specifications. Note that 50 Hz and 60 Hz are bothacceptable. Note that there is a minimum specified outputcurrent. This is a requirement for reliable operation of theelectronic power switches in your F47 Sag Generator; nodamage will occur if this requirement is not met, but theoutput voltage may be intermittent. If your equipment undertest requires less than the minimum current, install anadditional load in parallel with your equipment under test,such as an incandescent lamp. The additional load mustbe rated for the same voltage as your equipment under test.

ELECTRIC POWER CONNECTIONS

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5.3 Connecting for single-phase operation


Install your F47 Voltage Sag Generator between your powersource and your load (the equipment that you are testing).

Be sure that there is a disconnecting device , such as aswitch, between your power source and your F47 SagGenerator. Be sure that there is a current limiting device,such as a fuse or a circuit breaker, rated at 50 amps or lessbetween your power source and your F47 Sag Generator.

Install your F47 Sag Generator as close as possible to thedisconnecting device and the current limiting device.

Ensure that the protective earth conductors have sufficientcross section to carry all of the available current.

Use conductors of sufficient cross section to carry 50 amps(minimum size 6 AWG, 14 mm sq). All conductors mustbe stranded, and insulation must be rated for 105°C.

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5.4 Connecting for three-phase-wye



The sags will be generated between phase and neutral. Ifyou want a phase-to-phase sag, connect your F47 SagGenerator for delta installation -- see the next page.




Use conductors of sufficient cross section to carry 50 amps(minimum size 6 AWG, 14 mm sq). All conductors must bestranded, and insulation must be rated for 105°C.

Voltage sags and interruptions will cause phase unbalanceas well. Ensure that your equipment is protected againstphase unbalance, or that it can tolerate phase unbalance.

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5.5 Connecting for three-phase delta



The sags will be generated from phase-to-phase. If youwant a phase-to-neutral sag, connect your F47 Sag Genera-tor for wye installation -- see the previous page. Do not usethe earth conductor as a neutral.




Use conductors of sufficient cross section to carry 50 amps(minimum size 6 AWG, 14 mm sq). All conductors mustbe stranded, and insulation must be rated for 105°C.

Voltage sags and interruptions will cause phase unbalanceas well. Ensure that your equipment is protected againstphase unbalance, or that it can tolerate phase unbalance.

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5.6 Connecting additional F47 Sag Generators

You may want to connect additional F47 Sag Generators sothat you can generate sags on multiple phases simulta-neously, or so that you can supply additional current todifferent subsections of your equipment under test.

In general, making connecting additional F47 Sag Genera-tors is straightforward. For example, you can install oneF47 Sag Generator on each phase of a three-phase sys-tem, then generate sags on one, two, or all three phasessimultaneously. Use the TTL Trigger Out and TTL Trigger Inconnections on your F47 Sag Generators to synchronizethe sags. Each F47 Sag Generator can be set up withindependent depths, durations, and phase angles.

For increased current, you may divide your equipment undertest into subsystems, and use a separate F47 Sag Genera-tor for each subsystem. Again, you use the TTL TriggerOut and TTL Trigger In connections to synchronize thesags. However, you cannot connect the outputs of separateF47 Sag Generators directly in parallel for increasedcurrent. Consult the factory if your application requires morecurrent.


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SOFTWARE INTERFACE

6.1 Software Interface overview

You can control your F47 Sag Generator directly from a PC,or you can control it remotely through a modem, or throughan Internet/Intranet connection. To take full advantage ofyour F47 Sag Generators data acquisition system, youneed to use the F47 Software.

Your F47 Sag Generator periodically checks its serial portto see if there is a PC or an external modem connectedthere. If it finds a modem, it automatically configure themodem as an auto-answer modem, then waits for a tele-phone call from a PC. Once it receives the call, the con-nection is identical to having a PC directly connected toyour F47 Sag Generator.

With the F47 software installed on your PC, you can usethis connection to set up your F47 Sag Generator. Youhave software control over every front panel control; in fact,you have control over many parameters that are not control-lable from the front panel. And you can trigger a voltage sagfrom the F47 software.

During a voltage sag, your F47 Sag Generator’s dataacquisition system takes high-speed samples on all of itschannels. At the end of the sag, these sample streams areautomatically downloaded for analysis by the F47 Software.You’ll automatically get graphs, strip charts, oscillograms,Fourier analysis, and all sorts of useful presentations. Andyou can export the raw data to any spread sheet programfor your own analysis. See the F47 Software Manual fordetails.

6.2 Connecting to the Internet or Intranet

Using a local PC, you can quickly and easily connect yourF47 Sag Generator to the Internet. You can establishpasswords for security, and you can permit control, dataflow, or both. See the F47 Software Manual for details.

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7.1 Removing power

Your F47 Sag Generator has two power sources; you mustremove both in order to remove power from the instrument.To remove power, you must remove instrument power andyou must remove power from the field wiring enclosure.

7.2 User-serviceable parts

There are no user-serviceable parts or components insideyour F47 Sag Generator, with the exception of the fusesinside the Field Wiring Enclosure (see 7.3 below). Returnyour F47 to the factory for repair.

7.3 Fuse replacement

The user may replace the fuses in the Field Wiring Enclo-sure. First, remove power from your F47 Sag Generator(see 7.1 above). Then open the Field Wiring Enclosure.Use any standard technique, such as measuring continuitywith an ohmmeter, to determine which fuse(s) need to bereplaced. For continued protection against fire andinternal damage, replace only with fuses of thespecified type and rating.

7.4 Cleaning the fan filters

You should periodically clean the fan filters. On the rearpanel of your F47 Sag Generator, remove the 8 knurled nutsthat retain the fan filters. Remove the fan filters, andvacuum out the dust and debris. If grease is present, itmay be removed with mild soap and water, but the filtersmust be thoroughly dried prior to reinstalling. Reinstall thefilters, and secure them with the 8 knurled nuts.

7.5 Installing in a 19-inch rack

Your F47 Sag Generator occupies 8.5 inches of verticalspace in a standard 19-inch instrument rack.

MAINTENANCE & INSTALLATION

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MAINTENANCE & INSTALLATION

Ensure that your F47 Sag Generator is firmly supportedthroughout the installation process.

Ensure that there is space at the rear of the 19-inch rack topermit adequate airflow to the fans, and that there is spaceat the rear of the 19-inch rack for making connections to theField Wiring Enclosure.

Your F47 Sag Generator attaches in the usual way to thefront brackets of the rack. Due to its weight, it requiresattachment to the rear bracket of the rack as well. Measurethe distance between the front bracket and the rear bracketof the 19-inch rack. Adjust the rear support brackets onyour F47 Sag Generator to match this distance. If neces-sary, remove the short plates that attach the rear supportbrackets to the rear bracket of the 19-inch rack. Slide theF47 into place, and re-attach the short plates.

7.6 Transporting your F47 Sag Generator

Your F47 Sag Generator is heavy. Do not attempt to lift ormove it without assistance. Use a cart for transportationover smooth surfaces. Your F47 Sag Generator is acalibrated piece of electronic equipment, so transport it withreasonable care, and avoid dropping it or vibrating it exces-sively.

7.7 Maintenance and Repair Manual

A Maintenance and Repair Manual for the F47 Sag Genera-tor is available. Minor and Major Spare Parts kits are alsoavailable. Consult the factory atwww.PowerStandards.com.

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Power Standards Laboratorywww.PowerStandards.com

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