Padma GM Rao

Associate Dean & Chairperson Pharmacy Practice,RAKCOPS

RAKMHSU

Pharmaceutics Dispensing & General Pharmacy-ll

• Pharmaceutics includes many subject areas, associated with steps to which a drug is subjected towards the end of its development.

• Scentific & technological aspects of the design & manufacture of dosage forms.

Different subject areas

• Physical pharmaceutics• Biopharmaceutics• Dosage form design• Pharmaceutical technology• Pharmaceutical Microbiology• Pharmaceutical Practice

What are medicines ?

Medicines are drug delivery systems

Administration of drugs to the body in a safe convenient reproducible efficient way

Drug Medicine Addition of additives

Objectives of Dosage forms

To achieve a predictable therapeutic response

Types-Route of administration• Oral• Solution,Syrups,suspensions,Emulsions,gels,po

wders,tablets,capsules,granules Rectal• Suppositories,ointments,creams,powders Topical• Ointment,cream,paste,lotions,patches

Objectives.Contd

• Parenteral Injections,suspensions,emulsions• Respiratory Aerosols,inhalation,spray,gases• Nasal Inhalers• Eye& ear Solution,ointment,cream

Biphasic dosage forms

• Dosage forms consisting of two phases are called biphasic dosage forms.

• The two phases are the solid & the liquid phase.

• Solid phase is the dispersion phase & the liquid phase is the dispersed phase/continuous phase.

Common biphasic dosage forms

• Suspensions• Emulsions

• Suspensions• Colloidal suspensions - <1µm • Coarse suspensions - >1µm

Suspensions

Contents

Definition Properties Type of suspensions Preparation of suspensions Stability of suspensions Advantages Disadvantages Summary

What are suspensions?

• Suspensions are pharmaceutical preparations containing finely divided particles which are uniformly distributed in a liquid

• Most pharmaceutical preparations the dispersion media is aqueous.

• Oily or organic dispersion media also exists.

Properties of suspensions

• Well formulated suspension must remain homogenous for at least the period b/w shaking and removing the required amount from the container.

• Sediment/creaming on storage must be easily resuspended by moderate agitation.

• Pour easily from the container to the site of application.

• Product should be smooth, elegant, resistant to microbial contamination.

Type of suspensions

• Oral/for oral suspensions

• Topical suspensions

• Parenteral suspensions

Oral suspensions

• Oral suspensions are usually administered to Children and old age group (pediatrics & geriatrics) since they find it difficult to sallow solid dosage forms

• Eg. Antacids• For oral suspension• Dry powder mixtures for reconstitution at the time of

dispensing with suitable vehicle due to instability

• Eg.antibiotics

Topical

External use Skin & mucous membrane (liquids & pastes) eg. Calamine lotion Zinc cream Parenteral

o Control the rate of absorptiono vary the size of particles

eg. Tetanus vaccine Cholera vaccine

Inhalation eg. Aerosols