Paddy Cum Fish Culture for Farmers By

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Paddy cum fish culture for farmers Dr. Amita Saxena Dr. Amita Saxena Professor Professor College of Fisheries College of Fisheries G.B. Pant University of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145 Pantnagar-263 145

Transcript of Paddy Cum Fish Culture for Farmers By

Page 1: Paddy Cum Fish Culture for Farmers By

Paddy cum fish culture for farmers

Dr. Amita SaxenaDr. Amita Saxena

ProfessorProfessor

College of Fisheries College of Fisheries

G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-263 145Technology, Pantnagar-263 145

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Why we chose integrated farming

• Due to increase of human population day by day we attract combine agricultural crop.

• Combine or integrated crops are more beneficial to us.

• The profit of integrated farming is just double in comparison to single crop production.

• The farming practices have different features to address, and are also limited by the environmental conditions prevailing at the time.

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• Rice field-fish culture, also popularly referred to as rice cum fish culture, is a traditional integrated fish-rice production system.

• The earliest practices can be traced back to more than 2,000 years ago.

• India is the largest producer of fish and rice in the world.• Fish culture in rice fields is a traditional integrated fish

farming practice. • This traditional food production system has gone through

a series of changes in the past three decades, which can be divided into a number of evolutionary phases.

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• Depending on the origin of fish stock, rice-fish farming system can be broadly classified into Capture system: In this system, wild fish enter the rice field from adjacent water bodies, grow and subsequently reproduce in these flooded fields.

• These species are self-recruiting species, which are usually small in size (<25 cm>), which are able to enter the paddy field and spend all, or part of its life cycle here.

• The farmers/local people are then able to harvest and utilize, without the need of stocking.

• Most of the self-recruiting species are prolific breeders and the paddy fields serve as a breeding ground and nursery ground.

Paddy-cum-fish culture

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• For the rural people who do not have their own water body to do aquaculture, harvesting of these fishes from the paddy fields .helps to meet their protein requirement and also to get an additional economic return by selling these fishes.

• Some of the common fishes, which are generally found in the paddy fields, are Danio, Murrels, Perches, Catfishes, Loaches etc. Culture system: Here, the rice fields are stocked with fish fingerlings and cultured.

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Lay-out of the field

• The preparatory cultivation involved in this mode of simultaneous culture of fish with paddy is essentially the same as that of paddy cultivation.

• The changes associated with the layout of the field involve rising of the embankments and construction of a channel of 1 metre depth.

• This channel being at a lower level always retains a greater depth of water irrespective of the submergence of the main plot and thus facilitates easy movement of the fishes whereas the planted area serves as the feeding ground of fishes

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• The plot is submerged and puddled as in case of paddy cultivation.

• A basal dose of fertilizer may be added as per soil nutrient status.

• Transplanted paddy is preferred for the integrated culture practice. 'Ngoba' (local improved variety) of paddy is considered good for rice-fish system under terrace land conditions in medium altitudes.

• CRM-10-3630 (Mashuri mutant variety) of paddy is recommended for the mono-cropped valley land conditions in the medium altitudes.

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• Transplanting of paddy, besides having good effect of paddy yield, provides easy movement and the paddy area facilitates for feeding of fishes.

• A spacing of 15 cm or 20 cm between the rows and the plants may be provided.

• While transplanting of paddy, the channel area should be kept free from paddy.

• After 15 to 20 days of transplanting, and after the establishment of the root systems, the paddy field is gradually flooded to a level of 15 cm.

• After the paddy field is flooded, the fish fingerlings are stocked at the rate of 6000 nos. per hectare.

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Land preparation for paddy cum fish culture

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Plantation style of paddy in pre mature stage

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Gap between plant to plant in mature crop

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• The common carp, Cyprinus carpio is suitable for simultaneous culture in hills condition of Meghalaya due to its cold tolerance, less water requirement and easy propagation qualities.

• In addition to common carp, the Indian major carps viz., catla, rohu and mrigal and also some prawn species can be grown in the integrated rice-fish system.

• Air breathing fishes can also be introduce / culture with paddy

• For producing table size fishes and to reduce the loss due to mortality and predation, it is advisable to stock fingerlings of about 3 to 4 inches.

• Supplementary feeding with rice bran and mustard oil cake (1:1 ratio) @ 1% of the total biomass may ensure good growth of fishes.

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• However, supplementary feeding is not essential and even domestic kitchen wastes may be fed to the fishes.

• The harvesting of fishes may be done at the time when the paddy fields are drained out for the harvest of paddy.

• Also, in some cases, the fishes are kept temporarily in the outer channel when the water level is lowered for harvesting of paddy and again subsequent to harvesting, if the land remains fallow,

• The plot is converted into temporary ponds by raising the water levels and the fishes are cultured for few more months as long as the water can be retained in the field.

• The growth achieved during 4 months rearing averages 150 to 200 gm depending on the climatic conditions.

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• A production of 300 to 350 kg/ha can be achieved during the period depending on the climatic conditions and natural productivity status of the soil and water.

• Rice fish integration provides a net annual income which accounts for several fold increase over traditional practice

• It also facilitate crop diversification, their by reducing investment risk and also generation year round employment opportunity in farm

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Marketing

• Fish harvested from the paddy field are marketed at local market a live or fresh condition

• Because of higher marketed demand , live fish sold @ 80/-per kg and fresh fish @100/- per kg.

• During the lean season the market price fluctuates.

• Marginal fish farmers sell their produce in fish market or in the paddy field itself

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Conclusion

• The paddy field retains water of 3-8 months in a year and paddy cum fish culture provides an additional supply of fish crop

• The culture of fish and paddy fields which remains flooded even after the paddy is harvested might also serve as off season occupation for farmers

• The main precaution in paddy cum fish culture is selection of better fish species and advance paddy species.

• During the duo rearing period paddy and fish no chemical insecticide /fertilizer apply in the entire paddy field.

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