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EAST-WEST COMMjJjckTjQN INSTITW'diss Sumiye Konoshima

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East-West Communication Institute Honolulu, HawaiiDecember 1973

USP to Add 8 Satellite Terminals

By Margaret White

Eight new satellite communi-cation terminals will soon be addedto a network of Pacific educationalinstitutions--but at the same timethe future operation of the Uni-versity of Hawaii terminal, wherethe PEACESAT system began is un-certain.

The new terminals, five es-tablished through a grant from theCarnegie Corporation of New Yorkand three funded by the UnitedNations Development Program, willlink the regional program centersof the University of the SouthPacific. In an interview viaPEACESAT, Alan Cutting, manager ofthe terminal at the USP main campusSuva, Fiji, announced that theNational Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration has approved thenow USP network and that equipmentshould be installed in December atfive of the terminals.

In the meantime, the Universi-ty of Hawaii terminal continues tooperate three and one-half hours aday, staffed with volunteers anduniversity students on federal aidprograms. PEACESAT's request for$60,000 from the Hawaii state budgetto continue operation of theHawaii terminal was denied thissummer.

Project director John Bystrom,professor of speech communicationat the University of Hawaii, re-ported that the station is pur-suing several alternative fundingsources but that none has yet beensuccessful. Bystrom said, It isdoubtful whether Hawaii can con-tinue to participate in the system."

PEACESAT--which stands for Pan-Pacific Education and CommunicationExperiments by Satellite--wasorganized in 1971 in a linkup ofcampuses of the University of Hawaii

using a NASA ATS-l weather satel-lite. Other early terminals in thesystem include Wellington Poly-technic College in New Zealand,and USP campuses in Tonga and Fiji.

Despite the funding pinch inHawaii, PEACESAT is expanding inother areas. A terminal in theTrust Territory has been addedthrough a contract with the Nation-al Library of Medicine of the U.S.Department of Health, Educationand Welfare. As part of this pro-ject six additional terminals arebeing requested and funding forthese is still in negotiation.

Separate initiatives havebeen taken for a PEACESAT terminalat the headquarters of the SouthPacific Commission in Noumea.

IN THIS ISSUE...

*Closed TV, p. 2

*VTR Projects, p. 3

*Use of Mass Media, p. 4

*Radio, TV News Trainingon Peacesat, p. 5

*Innovative Radio, p. 7

*Cook Islands News, p. 8

*First FBC DevelopmentOfficer, p. 9

*MayorNewsman Clash, p. 9

*Political Education, p. 10

*Media Ownership Repeal, p. 11

*Sapjas Named p 12

Vol. 4, No. 2

Cutting reported that NASA approvalhas been requested and a licenseapplication has been filed withpostal and teleqraph officials.

The new USP regional network,according to Cutting, will permitstudents at USP extension centersto talk weekly with their tutorsin Suva. This extension educationprogram will cover five subjectareas--English, education, history,geography and mathematics.

Cutting described the USP andPEACESAT networks as complementary--together covering most of the re-search and education centers in thePacific basin. "The networks areseparate and have their own needs,but will cross over where appropri-ate," Cutting said.

A discussion among Pacificagricultural departments has alreadybeen proposed as a topic for inter-locking programming. There is alsoexpected to be heavy interactionbetween PEACESAT and the USP net-work in medicine and health andagricultural education and researchsupport.

Of the five USP-center termi-nals planned for this year, one atRaratonga, Cook Islands alreadyhas some equipment but new equip-ment will be substituted. Otherterminals will go at Honiara,British Solomon Islands; at thesecondary school at Labasa, onVana Levu, Fiji; and in the Depart-ment of Education in Niue. Thefifth station will go either toNarau or to the Trust Territory,according to Cutting. The threestations to be equipped next yearare at the soon to be establisheduniversity center at Tarawa,Gilbert and Ellice Islands; at Apia,Western Samoa, and Port Vila,New Hebrides.

Proposes "Closed" TV System for Pacific IslandsBy Sandra Carney-Rowan

The future of televisionbroadcasting in the Pacific is therirget of a proposal by SPC Edu-ction Broadcasts Officer Ian

Johns tone.In a proposal submitted to the

uuth Pacific Conference at the973 Guam meeting, Johnstone urged

the development of closed systemsFV roqramminq in South Pacificcountries. Johnstone definedclosed television as a systemwhere television programs arerecorded and played back on video

tdpe recorders, linked (for re-cording) to camer and microphones,nd (for playback) to TV sets.

The proposal so far is at alow priority with SPC.

This system, Johnstone pointedout, would have special value inNouth Pacific countries--as a wayf improving communication between;roups, and between countries ofLhe region, as a teaching tool,rd as a preparation for the wiseue of an open system of tele-Vi son.

The drawbacks of wholesaleidoptiun of an open system (suchas commercial TV, where televisionprograms are transmitted fromentral points and received by TVets in homes, etc.) could be inoriiiirlg a rigid system, withriiijrdiIIHhiflg irrelevant or even

disruptive to island communities,id providing no outlets for feed-

Hot.Johnstone emphasized that tra-

lit onl island cultures are es-itially ViSUdl and oral forms--irys, dance, legends--and anudin-visual outlet such as closedV with emphasis on local videojscette programing would be most

if lective.In fact, the oral and visual

rioltions of the Pacific may pro-ie some of the most creative

ruramririg concepts in the futuref TV broadcasting. It would indeed- frcsrt approach to the media,urtra;Ted to the Western-basedrear written traditions.

Johnstone said he expects TVto become widespread in the Pacific

the next 10 years. Currently,IV programming in the Pacific iscurd in American Santa, Tahiti,

New Caledonia and Saipan, with fulloniniercial systems in Guam and

Hawd iiPddia is currently the most

iib1e broadcast means, and theNouth Pacific Commission conducts

broadcast training center in Suva,I iji.

The SPC Suva radio center isthe heart of current South Pacificbroadcasting. At the center, radio

production is carried on in develop- news items, school programs, anding English as a Second Language cultural programs.programs, and a Tape ExchangeStaff training programs areprogram initiated by Johnstone in held in Suva, and special seminars1971 provides South Pacific are offered in various Southcountries with an interchange of Pacific nations during the year.

Exchange of broadcast tapes,a regional conference of broadcast-ing directors, and a training semi-nar on script writing and program-ming were approved at the Septembermeeting of the South PacificCommission. The positions ofAudio-Visual Aids Officer andEducational Broadcasts Officerwere continued.

The conference did not givethe go-ahead to a proposed pilotproject on closed TV systems inthe Pacific, according to the SPCnews release. The system was pro-

posed by Ian Johnstone, EducationalBroadcasts Officer (see separatestory).

A total of $10,000 was votedfor the exchange, conference andtraining programs.

On the closed TV system, theCook Islands representative, Dr. J.Williams, said his territory hadsome experience with such projects,and supported the proposalOthers raised the question ofpriorities, and whether to spendthe money on such a system at thistime.

EDITOR'S NOTE

This issue of PICN sees somenew by-lines, Meg White, SandraRowan, Paua Manu'atu and MariiMahutariki. And, of course, thefamiliar writing of Bob McClelland.Meg White is a program officer atthe Communication Institute, andhas worked with several PacificIslands programs, and is engagedin several others. She is aformer grantee at the East-WestCenter, and has worked for theAssociated Press as a reporter.Mrs. White is associate editor ofthe newsletter. Sandra Carney-Rowan is a grantee at the Com-munication Institute, and formerlytaught journalism at Maui Com-munity College. She also wasterminal manager for PEACESAT onMaui, and is planning a field studyin the South Pacific. PauaMenu atu is on the staff of theTonga_Chronicle, and attended aneditorial workshop at the Com-munication Institute in 1972.Marii Mahutariki is an agriculturalinformation officer in the CookIslands, and attended an agri-cultural information workshop insummer 1973 at the CommunicationInstitute. Bob McClelland, formereditor of the Tonga Chronicle andformer fellow at the CommunicationInstitute, is with Auckland Star.

Reaction to the August issueof the Newsletter was good, exceptfor one thing: there have been nooffers to take over the newsletter.So, well ask again if there isany individual or organization thatwould like to take responsibilityfor PICN. The Communication Insti-tute has published it for threeyears now, and perhaps a differentperspective would help. If anyoneis interested, please write to me.

This issue contains many ex-citing developments, such as theexpansion of the USP satellitesystem, the delicate campaign ofpolitical education in Micronesia,the Media Ownership story from NewZealand, and the continuing clashbetween the Mayor of Honolulu andthe press.

Another story of interest isthe emergence of Papua New Guineato self-government, and the impacton the communication media. Dr.Richard Rider discusses someaspects of it in his interview,and other items touch on it. Astory carried by NZPA-Reuters toldof some of the feeling in PapuaNew Guinea toward some outsidereporting, particularly in Austra-lia. Chief Minister Michael Sornarecomplained in the House of Assemblythat Australian media were beingunfair. If there is factual re-porting we accept it, he was re-ported to have said. We acceptfair criticism, constructivecriticism. But when people starttalking about Papua New Guineans asa group of cannibals--althoughthere may still be 200 or 300 canni-bals who had not been discovered--I do not think it is fair to 95percent of our people. Sornaresaid the local Papua New Guineapress was particularly good, how-ever.

I will close this with astanding request for newsitems forthe next issue (April) of PICN,especially from places that wedon't hear much from. Just sendmaterial to me at the East-WestCommunication Institute, 1777 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822,U.S.A.

--Jim Richstad

Tonga,Western Samoa, Tahiti Get Look at VideoTapeA Report by Bill Matthews

(Formerly with ChristianCommunication Program Pacific

Conference of Churches)

Video Tape Recording isstrange to Polynesia. But Pacificpeople catch on quickly to newideas for carrying information.

Haarnaramaramaraa is theTahitian word for information.That illustrates one reason whyelectronic media are so welcome toPolynesia. The written languagein many Pacific Islands is toocumbersome to be convenient.

Video Tape Recording was intro-duced as a part of the South PacificVTR Project in June in three sepa-rate sites: Tonga, Western Samoa,and Tahiti, by the Pacific Confer-ence of Churches. The ChristianEducation and CommunicationsProgram (CEAC) set up demonstrationsfirst in Tonga, at the Sia-atoutaiTheological College.

swimming pool at Piula providedbackground for four dances. Samoa'seleventh anniversary of independenceprovided an exciting canoe-racefinish to the videotape of theircountry.

French Polynesia

Tahiti was the final stop forthe VTR unit, which will be em-ployed in further experiments andapplications in French Polynesia,and other French-speaking areas.The Reformed Church in Tahiti hasa professional staff who willconduct extensive experimentsusing VTR for educational, worship,and other communications purposes.If possible, the equipment will beused in the islands to gather newsreports for telecast over Tahiti'sopen television station, in ad-dition to the local playbacks forthose who perform before the mobileunit camera.

plotting moves, or stage-fright.The show may have pauses, but thepersonality of the performers comesover strong enough to sustain inter-est, especially if the viewers arealso Pacific islanders. To imposeon the islanders a model of so-phisticated production teams suchas one finds in Western officesand studios would be to squash thespontaneity and creativity which istheir forte.

As Video Tape Recording looksat Polynesia, it finds Polynesianslooking back to see how this newform of media may become the toolto serve wider understanding, waysof improving the quality of theirlives, sharing solutions to commonproblems which face many of themost isolated people in the world.VTR isn't magic, but its effect ismiraculous when it bridges an oceanwhich has hidden people from oneanother for centuries. (Reportfirst published August 1973.)

Tonga

Students of the College were

assigned to produce, narrate, per-lore, operate the VTR equipment,und support the preparation of ahalf-hour tape of scenes introducinglongarl culture and customs. Aseries of seven sequences werecarefully outlined by the group,aqi nni ng with the Royal Palace and

hapeI and the Free WesleyanCathedral. The scene shifted tothe village of Fasi, where the Kingopened a new Youth building. Forcultural flavor, the students andtheir families had prepared and

presented two sequences showingthe preparation and manufactureof two Tongan handicraft products:tapa cloth and woven goods. Theentire process was shown, fromcollecting and processing of rawmaterials, to the final product ofudtS, baskets, and hats.

The importance of religiousctivities was then illustrated

Ly filiriing portions of Sundaycervices. On Monday, the repre-sentatives of the student bodytook their visitors to a beach

party, with the VTR sequencesshowing folk dances and costumes,serving of a Tongan feast, andclosing with going home.

Samoa

Though similar plans were

originally proposed for Samoa,time limits made it impossible todo more than film some of thetraditional dances performed bythe students at Piula TheologicalCollege, at Lufilufi. The beautiful

Observations from experiments

The VTR experiment has beenloosely structured to allow newideas to be incorporated easily.The goal is to discover how video-tape recording can become a usefuleducational tool for churches andother agencies in the SouthPacific. Preliminary stages ofthe experiment have shown thevalues of local production, ofimmediate playback capability, oflanguage applicability, for directinvolvement of performer-viewersin all levels of production.

The experiment has shown thatpresent technology is not out ofreach for local operators if theyare given basic instruction in theuse of the equipment. Schools andgovernments alike have personnelwho can be taught to operate andto apply the video-tape techniquesto learning situations in a brieftime.

The third area, that ofplanning, directing, and producingmaterials on video-tape, is thefield where Pacific islandersexcel. They have "produced"programs at the village level foras long as there have beenvillages. They have no problemsof putting disparate elements ofprogram materials together, ofbridging from one to another partof the presentation to give itcohesiveness, and of performingwith full savoir faire on almostany topic assigned. There is nohang-up of needing script,

PACIFIC AMERICAN WEEKLY

POSTPONED UNTIL JUNE:

TO INCLUDE ASIA TRAVELERS

Publication of the PacificAmerican, a weekly newspaper aimedat American and Canadian tourists,has been delayed until June 1974,Webster Nolan, manager of the new

paper, said recently.Nolan, Honolulu Star-Bulletin

features editor and director of

special projects, said two reasonscaused the delay in publicationoriginally expected in September1973 (see PICN, August 1973 forfull details of paper). Nolansaid the newsprint shortage in theU.S. made it difficult to start anew publication at this time, andthat the Star-Bulletin has decidedto expand the paper's distributionfrom the South Pacific to covermuch of Asia as well.

'It will be the same paper,'Nolan said. Circulation is now

planned for Japan, Singapore, the

Philippines and Hong Kong, with

probable limited distribution inKorea, Thailand and Indonesia.

Circulation is plannedthroughout the Pacific Islands.

Nolan said the initial pressrun would be 10,000 copies, printedin Honolulu and airfreighted todistribution locations. The paperwill carry stories on business,

sports, "hometown" news, roundupsof North American events and

special features.

3

Interview with Richard Rider

HOW CAN MASS MEDIA BESTSERVE DIFFERENT CULTURES?

By Sandra Carney-Rowan

The biggest question which wecould ask here--is how does oneitructure and manage the mass mediato best serve society, whateverthat society might be?

The study of mass media'srole in different cultures andocieties is challenging; one that

pits the ideal philosophies ofrIdsS media use against the realityf day-to-day publishing and broad-ctirig. University of Hawaiiummunication professor Richard

P:ider has spent a career grapplingwith these international problems--sost recently in the developingnation of Papua New Guinea.

In 1972-73, Rider, on sabbati-leave from University of

powaii,served as a visiting pro-fessor at the University of PapuaNew Guinea, where he engaged inteaching, research, and educationalrudio program production.

In December 1973, a majorharrge was expected in the broad-dst media in Papua New Guinea,

under a bill in the House of As-cerribly to establish a nationalPapua New Guinea Broadcastingoiriirri5S1On. The new Commission

will be a pivotal point for therole of broadcasting in Papua New'uinea, which began in 1946 as actrictly Australian expatriaterows-and-entertainment medium.uday, Papua New Guinea has 13diO stations, where all an-

nouncing and preparation ofprograms are done by Papua NewGuineans--catering to both ex-patriate and native tastes in thiscomplex multi-cultural country.apua New Guinea's Minister forInformation, Paulus Arek, hopesthat the nationalized media will bemajor instrument for helping to

forge a nation from a land oftribal villages divided byrountainous terrain and over 700orquaçje.

The bill in the House oficseinbly provides that the broad-ast media operate more directly

in the government interest, as theijovernment sees it," Rider said.And I'm not prepared to make a

ctrorig statement against it. PapuaNew Guinea is not really a 'country'at this point, but a whole col-lection of different tribes."

Problems could arise, Riderindicated, between "ideal" useof the media by a "wise and be-nevolent government with thepurpose of serving society, andthe stark reality of actual mediause--or misuse, as the case may be.There are lots of things question-

able about the media in the U.S.,Rider said, where the commercialmedia is dominated by interestsdevoted to maximum profit and notalways to the best benefit ofsociety.'

Rider's involvement withbroadcast media extends through histeaching and professional careerbeginning with radio in the late1930's and later with television.Rider interests extend to thedevelopment of broadcasting mediain emerging nations: Puerto Ricoin the 1950's; Nigeria in 1961-66;and Papua New Guinea in 1972-73.

Rider drew parallels betweendeveloping broadcast media use inNigeria and in Papua New Guinea.Both evolved from expatriateformats--with the British Broad-casting Commission in Nigeria, andthe Australian Broadcasting Com-mission in Papua New Guinea.

"But the British BroadcastingCommission and the AustralianBroadcasting Commission were bothWestern patterns of media use,with emphasis on national program-ming formats, Rider explained. InNigeria, a strict national program-ming format just didn't work. Con-solidation of programming wascheaper and more efficient, but themedia came under control of a spe-cific ethnic group in a multi-ethnic nation--and hence, no onewas interested in the resultantprogranining.

In Papua New Guinea, however,there should be local level empha-sis on programming in each district,Rider said. This is the currentpolicy, with a balance of regionalprogramming tied in with districtinterests, concerns, and languagesand some programming at the nation-al level in the three majorlanguages of English, Pidgin, andMotu.

In the future of broadcastingin Papua New Guinea, Rider said hefeels that more Papua New Guineanswill begin experimenting with themedia, tailoring it to more relevantmeans of their own cultural ex-pression. In both Nigeria and inPapua New Guinea, the introducedmedia format has to be altered tobetter fit the culture, Riderpointed out.

Rider's approach to trainingbroadcast media personnel empha-sizes the unique potential of eachindividual culture. "Take animaginative fellow, train him inthe use of the equipment, and lethim go," Rider said. However, headmitted the unlikelihood of suchan experiment. The assistingnational media such as BritishBroadcasting Commission or Aus-

r McBain, JOHNSTONEVISIT EAST-WEST CENTER

Two prominent internationalbroadcasters visited the East-West Center in September to meetwith staff and graduate studentsat the Coranunication Institute.

Ian Johnstone, EducationalBroadcasts Officer for the SouthPacific Commission, had just re-turned from the South PacificConference in Guam. At the Cen-ter, Johnstone discussed hisproposal which had been submittedto the SPC--the development ofclosed television systems forthe Pacific Islands, as a preludeto open television broadcasting(see separate story).

Norman McBain, BroadcastTraining Officer for UNESCO, sta-tioned in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,discussed the international in-terest in, and development of anAsian-Pacific broadcast trainingcenter.

Both Johnstone and McBainwere en route to Rarotonga, CookIslands, to implement a broadcasttraining session for CIBC person-nel

In Honolulu, ,Johnstone dis-cussed his exchange programthrough the SPC, with a focus onmusic, school material and news.He also noted that there is nobroadcast training manual designedspecifically for Pacific Islanders.He said Papua New Guinea is con-sidering an isolated TV experi-mental station, probably in theHighlands, and repeated his con-cern over commercial televisionin the Pacific Islands. He sawgreat promise for cassettes inbroadcasting, as a way of gettingvillage opinion and reactions andnews into the mainstream of broad-casting. "Each village can havea cassette,' he said, "and feedin village opinion.

tralian.Broadcasting Commissiontrain indigenous personnel along thelines of Western theory of program-ming; theories that may not alwaysprove valid in different culturalsituations, Rider added.

In Papua New Guinea, radio iscurrently the most viable means ofcommunication. The people havetaken readily to radio," Rider said,with government policy encouragingthe spread of radio by making tran-sistors available at low cost. Thecredibility of radio programs ishigh, in a country with manycultures which place great empha-sis on person-to-person contact.

Rider said the development ofTV as a mass medium in Papua NewGuinea would no doubt be encouragedby the new national government.

Agricultural Information Officers UrgeTrainingParticipants in the East-West

Centers recent Pacific IslandsAgricultural Information and Corn-iriunication Workshop have calledfor continuing communication train-

ing for Pacific Islands agricultur-l department personnel

Farm radio training and com-munication training for agricultur-al extension agents were two pri-ority needs identified in a finalsession of the workshop, heldAugust 13 to September 21.

Workshop participants in-luded information officers, ad-

ministrators, and extensionofficers representing departmentsof agriculture in eight PacificIsland countries as well as WestIrian, Indonesia, and Sarawak,Malaysia.

Dr. R. Lyle Webster, former[)irector of Information for theU.S. Department of Agricultureend retired director of the Com-munication Institute, coordinatedthe workshop.

A major part of the six-week

program was each participantswork on a communication projectwhich he planned to implement on

3 WRITTEN WORKSREVIEW ISLE PRESS

Three publications concerningjournalism in the Pacific Islandsare in various stages of com-pletion. The Pacific IslandsPress: ADirecQ, has beenpublished by the University Pressof Hawaii, and is now available.

A 'History of Journalism inthe Pacific Islands" is in almostcompleted manuscript form, forsubmission to publishers. It wascompiled and edited by Glen Wright,formerly a teacher in WesternSamoa, and now residing in Sydney.

The third to-be publication isa mass communication and pressbibliography, being compiled at theEast-West Communication Institute.Two preliminary working bibliogra-phies have been compiled, coveringarticles in Pacific Islands Monthlytrue its beginning in 1930 to mid-1973. A special Hawaii bibliogra-phy is being prepared, and then acomplete Pacific Islands bibliogra-phy is scheduled for publication insummer 1974.

The Press Directory can bepurchased from the University Pressof Hawaii, 535 Ward Avenue, Hono-lulu, Hawaii 96814, U.S.A. Costof the book, in soft cover, isUS$2.95. Contents of the di-rectory were fully described in theAugust issue of this newsletter.It was compiled at the East-WestCommunication Institute.

return to his department. Projectsincluded plans for organizingprovince-level or district-levelinformation units; an outline of acampaign to encourage agriculturaldiversification; draft publi-cations; and a plan to strengthenrural radio broadcasting.

The workshop emphasizedpractical exercises on person-to-person communication and radio,two training fields requested mostoften in a pre-workshop survey ofPacific Islands agricultural de-partments. Discussions and exer-cises covered how to makeeffective farm and office visits,how to teach a simple skill andhow to train agents to use massmedia to support their work. Oneday was devoted to a simulation ofcommunication training for fieldagents in which participants pre-pared for and actually conductedtraining, and then were able toview the session recorded on videotape.

Radio sessions includedpresentation on selecting of radiotopics, interviewing, scriptpreparation and writing spot an-nouncements. Participants viewedstudio taping in visits toHonolulu radio stations and wereinterviewed on the air at onestation.

Other workshop sessions coveredthe use of the press and the de-velopment of farm publication anddepartment newsletters. A specialsession was a meeting with ResearchAssistant Trainees from the East-West Food Institute. Participantsfrom both groups explored ways inwhich researchers and informationofficers could cooperate moreclosely in disseminating researchfindings.

Some initial steps were takenduring the workshop to plan morespecialized agricultural informationtraining. During a visit to theEast-West Center, Michel Lambert,agricultural advisor, and IanJohnstone, educational broadcastofficer, both of the South PacificCommission, expressed favorableinterest in participants' proposalfor a farm radio development work-shop.

Participants also gave strongrecommendation of the need forcommunication training for fieldagents. In the final workshopsession, participant BerminWeilbacher, Chief of Agriculturefor the Trust Territory describedthe need for extension officers whoare well-trained in communication."In between the information officerand the farmer there is always anextension agent," he said, "and wedon't want to see him caught withoutan answer."

Miss Ta'alolo Galea'i ofAmerican Samoa suggested that par-ticipants might promote the idea ofinformation training for fieldagents in their departments. JagMarain Sharma of Fiji urged many ofthe information officers in thegroup to take a major role in infor-mation training of agents in theirown countries.

A final report of the workshopis available from the CommunicationInstitute.

Workshop participants included:Ms. Galea'i, Administrative As-sistant, Department of Agriculture,American Samoa; Marii Mahutariki,Information Officer, Department ofAgriculture, Cook Islands; Sharma,Senior Field Assistant/Information,Information Service, Ministry ofAgriculture Fisheries and Forests,Fiji; Ir Korsi Sebayang, Chief ofthe Extension Service, Province ofIrian, Indonesia; Julaihi Ismail,Agricultural Officer, AgricultureDepartment, Sarawak, East Malaysia;Mohamed Idrus bin Ahmad, PublicRelations Officer, NationalProductivity Centre, Malaysia;Walai Benjamin, and Beniso Neheja,Rural Development Officers, De-partment of Agriculture, Stock andFisheries, Papua New Guinea;Siosaia Piutau Tupou, DistrictExtension Officer, Tonga.

RADIO, TV NEWS TRAININGDISCUSSED ON PEACESAT

Training for radio and tele-vision news personnel was dis-cussed at three recent teleconfer-ences over Peacesat, withparticipants from New Zealand,Micronesia, Fiji and Hawaii.Sessions were held October 24,November 28 and December 6.

Ron Wilkinson, NZBC RegionalNews Superintendent, originatedthe exchanges. The first threesessions focused on training needsand methods, and covered such spe-cific things as recruitment, basictraining, off-the-job training,training of senior experiencedjournalists and executives, andmany more particulars. Othersessions were planned.

Transcripts of the exchangesare being prepared by Wilkinson,and persons interested may writeto him. A summary of the substan-tive discussion is planned for thenext Newsletter.

Other participants included:Wellington: Rod Melville, NZBCregional news editor; Ken Gibson,Head Office, NZBC Bulletin editor;Bruce Weatherall. Saipan: EliasThomas, broadcast chief; Rudy

(Continued next page)

5

American SamoaRADIO, TV IN GOVERNORS CASE

The American Samoa government'idio and television stations be-

iue embroiled in a case in Amen-in Samoa involving the actions ofovernor John M. Haydon just prior

to the 1972 general election. Thejuvernor was charged with vio-lations of the U.S. Hatch Act,

li oh concerns election behaviorf government officials. At the

time of this writing, the decisionwdS under consideration by Adminis-trative Judge John J. McCarthy, whoheld a six-day hearing in Pago PagoH September. The following is theccçjunt of the case that wasublished in Amerika Samoa anificial American Samoa governmentinformational magazine, October973 issue:

On September 11, the Civilirvice Commission opened a six-by hearing on charges that Gover-ui John M. Haydon violated the

tidtch Act by using the influence ofhis office to affect the outcomeH the 1972 general election iniulerican Samoa.

investigation for the Civil ServiceCommission, concluded his case withthe statement that the hearingshowed "a corruption of the elector-al process by cynical manipulationof government-owned news media tomislead the people and superiors inWashington."

Defense Attorney DonaldWilliams argued that Haydon actedto fulfill his responsibility toenlighten the Samoan people, whohave never elected their own gover-nor, on the responsibilities theyfaced in making such a decision.

Administrative Judge John J.Mccarthy of Washington, D.C., heardtestimony from 30 witnesses andreceived an estimated 100 exhibits.He said it would take at least twomonths of study before making a re-commendation to the Civil ServiceCommission, which will make thefinal decision in the case.

If found guilty of the charges,Haydon could be removed from thepost which he has held since 1969.

One of the major issues in the97? election was the proposal to

ii ect a Samoan governor in 1974.tie proposition was defeated.

Governor Haydon was specifi-ily charged on six counts,

Idling primarily with the use ofvernment-owned radio and tele-tori stations to influence

vters. He allowed the Samoanltr'jct Governors to make a state-iiot on radio station WVUV againstlie elected governor proposal and

look part in a TV production, 'Yourounty--Your Vote", which outlined

his duties and responsibilities astuvernor. The film was shown onGVLK television.

Prosecutor Ben Joseph of,ishington, D.C., who conducted the

ADIO, TV NEWS TRAINING(Continued from Page 5)

ahian, general manager, KJQR;Ion Anderson, bureau chief,Micronesian News Service; Frankkosario, MNS; Esikiel Lippwe,information specialist; FrankUiupii, news editor, and Paul

vercoo1, broadcast trainingIficer. Suva: George Williams,own editor, FBC; Chris Poole,BC. Honolulu: Dick Cook,jeneral manager and news editor,fHVH Radio News; Richard Rider,unmunication professor, Universityit Hawaii; Jim Richstad, researchassociate, East-West CommunicationInstitute. Also from Wellingtonacre Peter Fabian and Reggie Russ

i NZBC.

SAMOA NEWSSEMI-WEEKLY

The Samoa News went from week-ly to semi-weekly publication onSeptember 11, and circulation waslisted at 6,000 by Jake King, theeditor/publisher. He said therewas about a 10 percent overrun.King said his main problem isgetting help for the increasedproduction. Reporters, especially,were needed, he said.

The News now has its own printshop, and has two presses, an ATEChief and an A.B. Dick.

King said that his circulationin September in Western Samoa wasat 1,500, and was still increasingat 25 increments each week.' Hesaid the paper was 'still sellingout completely and we don't knowwhat our potential amounts to."

WVUV DELAY

Transfer of the management ofstation WVUV in American Samoa hasbeen delayed pending approval bythe Federal Communication Com-mission, Lawrence S. Berger, ownerof KHVH Radio News in Honolulu, saidin late November.

Berger, whose Radio Samoa, Inc.was to take over management fromthe Government of American Samoa inJune, is in the venture with twoother men (see August 1973 PICN forfuller details). An option to buythe facility was part of the ar-rangement. The transfer would makeWVUV the only privately broadcastingstation in the South Pacific.

CORBETT NEW INFORMATION DIRECTOR

From Office of Samoan Information

Neal Corbett has taken overas the Director of the Office ofSamoan Information, succeedingMs. Susan MacDonald. Corbett wasformerly the Assistant Directorof the Office. He is from Ely,Nevada and spent 20 years withUnited Press International inSan Francisco before coming toAmerican Samoa in 1970.

Lawrence Bracken has becomethe Assistant Director of theOffice of Samoan Information andhas become the editor of AmerikaSamoa, the monthly magazine putout by OSI. Bracken has been inAmerican Samoa since 1970, havinglived for four years in Micronesia

previously. He is a writer and

photographer.Ms. Sapi Faalave has taken

over the circulation and distri-bution of Amerika Samoa. Ms.

Faalave previously worked inHonolulu, before returning to herhome in American Samoa.

Frank B. Hahn has joined theOSI staff as a photo assistant andworks with the photo lab on maga-zine, annual reports and specialpublications.

Currently the Office of SamoaInformation is in the midst of pro-ducing the FY 1973 Annual Reportfor the Territory of AmericanSamoa, a book on doing business inAmerican Samoa, an updating of re-

cruiting materials, as well as thedaily news bulletin and the monthlymagazine.

Persons who are interested in

receiving copies of the magazine--free--should write to the Editor,AMERIKA SAMOA, Office of SamoanInformation, Pago Pago, AmericanSamoa, 96799.

I'

AustraliaINNOVATIVE ROLE FOR RADIO

A section of the AustraliaBroadcasting commission annualreport to Parliament deals withthe cultural and innovative role ofradio, and contains material thatmay be of interest to Pacificislands broadcasting. Here areonie excerpts from the report,taken from Radio Active:

'In considering the... develop-sent of Australian radio and thequestion of programme quality, itmust be remembered that for manyyoung people radio is no more thans mobile juke-box', plus briefnews bulletins and descriptions ofsporting events.

Because of the limited rangeof programme material provided byso many commercial stations inAustralia, this audience has littleappreciation of radio as a culturalmedium. The number of families whorely wholly on radio for their inhome entertainment is relativelyma 1

Currently the majority ofpeople who use radio do so as indi-viduals and often while they aredoing something else.

'There is a tendency to selectstations rather than programmes.Against this background, the Corn-'iission has refashioned the formatof Radio 2, particularly in thevenings, to provide both spoken

word and musical entertainment forthose who seek from radio enrichmentnd stimulus.

"Radio effectively used, canike unique demands on the imagi-

nation of the audience and rewardt with a stronger sense of partici-

pation than is possible with tele-vision.

Before the introduction oftelevision, radio created in Aus-tralia a true national mass audi-ence for the first time in ourhistory. All over the countryisterlers heard, through the

National Broadcasting Service, thesine sounds at the same time. It

S,S not simply a forerunner toI eision.

The Commission believes thatridioS cultural role should notii minimised. It offers a placeIir, our established culture assi i as opportunities for newtievelopnients, new ideas, newariting and for experiment in theuse of radio itself as an art form,in programmes which seek to extendthe frontiers of radio. Thesoncept of radio as a service medi-

um which has been adopted by manystations both here and overseasshould not, in the Commissionsview, be so universally acceptedas to overlook the concept ofradio as a distinctive medium inits own right.

CPU NEWS NOTES

From Commonwealth PressUnion Australian Section

E. J. L. Turnbull, Editor-in-Chief and a Director of The Heraldand Weekly Times Limited Group, hasbeen appointed Chairman of theAustralian Section, CommonwealthPress Union in succession of SirVincent Fairfax C.M.G., who hasdecided to stand down after 23years in office. Sir Frank PackerK.B.E., continues as HonoraryTreasurer and the Honorary Secre-taryship remains with B. G.Osborne.

At the 60th General Meetingin Sydney, on November 22, theAustralian Section dealt with awide range of problems--notablyin the telecommunications, postaland press freedom fields. A recordnumber of cases/reports were re-ceived in relation to freedom ofthe press both in Australia andnearby areas, notably Papua NewGuinea.

IPI Membership

At the annual meeting of theInternational Press Institute inMelbourne on November 5, ChairmanRanald Macdonald reported that thedivision's membership had risento a record 51. It was planned tofurther develop membership amongall sections of Australian Mediaincluding editorial departments inAustralian Television and Radio.

Will iams Reappointed

B. A. Williams, ManagingDirector of Advertiser NewspaperLimited Adelaide, has been re-

appointed President of the Aus-tralian Newspapers Council for asecond term, this being approvedat the ANC Annual Meeting inMelbourne on November 5, 1973.

Advertising Authority

Australian Media, operatingthrough the Media Council of Aus-tralia, has established a new bodyknown as the Australian AdvertisingStandards Advisory Authority forthe purpose of advising the MediaCouncil on such aspects as theconduct, interpretation and possibleimprovement of the Advertising Codeof Ethics which is subscribed to byall media and recognized advertisingindustry bodies.

The Chairman is The HonorableSir Richard Kirby, former Presidentof the Commonwealth Conciliationand Arbitration Commission andChief Judge in the CommonwealthCourt of Conciliations and Arbitra-tions.

Media is represented by onenominee from each of Press, Radioand Television and two other ap-pointees are representatives ofNational Advertisers and AdvertisingAgents.

TV INTERESTING?

Excerpted From Radio Active

How would you respond to thequestion, Television is definitelyless interesting to me now than itwas a few years ago?'

More than half the respondentsin Sydney and Melbourne agreed thatthey are now less interested intelevision than they were a fewyears ago. Contrary to expecta-tion, the better-informed did notexpress greater loss of interest--apparently the viewer who watchedmostly entertainment on TV wasexperiencing more dissatisfactionthan others.

The response was to a surveyconducted in these two Australiancities, which have had TV since1956.

The survey, conducted for theABC Audience Research Departmentalso revealed that:

there is overwhelming supportfrom people of both majorpolitical persuasions for theABC.TV was named the leastbiased media, followed byradio, with newspapersidentified as most biased."85% of those surveyed agreedthat Australia benefits fromhaving a national broadcast-ing system.72% were in favor of publicmoney subsidizing the system,while 21% said no.the young and females tendedto be less likely to use theABC.

7

f%.

ABC CHAIRMAN

Excerpted From Radio Active

A University professor!economist with a personal involve-ment in the arts is now at thehelm of the Australian BroadcastingCoimni ssion

The new Chairman of the ABC,Professor R.I. Downing, joined theABC with a strong University back-ground and a personal interest inAustralian theatre--having been aDirector of the Melbourne TheatreCompany for many years.

ABC has nine Commissioners,of which the Chairman is one withno special powers. The ABC has astaff of over 6,000 people.

Downing enthusiastically en-dorsed the Australian system ofcombination national and commercialnetworks. Downing said the ABC'srole should give significantweight to education and try to sethigher standards.

SIZE NOT ONLY STANDARD

The view that broadcastingratings or audience size is theultimate measure of success ischallenged by the Broadcastingcommission's recent annual report,as described in Radio Active(October 1973).

The commission said it is notthe size alone that determineswhether a particular program issuccessful, but whether theprogram reached the size of audi-ence it should have reached. Anopera, for example, should not beexpected to reach the same sizeaudience as, say, a drama or gameshow or similar program.

British Solomons

Excerpted From ABU Newsletter

Australian James Tedder wasnamed director of the combinedSolomon Islands BroadcastingService, following the merger ofthe S.B.I.S. with the InformationDepartment.

Tedder has been with govern-mental service of the Solomonislands since 1952. As directorof the S.I.B.S., Tedder's concernswill include such diverse projectsOs maintaining a museum andlibrary, and coordinating socialscience research.

Radio is one of the most vitalinformation systems in theSolomons. From its studios inHoniara, the S.I.B.S. serves apopulation of over 150,000 peopleon islands scattered over some250,000 nautical square miles ofocean.

COOK ISLANDS NEWS STILL GOING

It was strongly rumored thatthe Cook Islands News the onlydaily newspaper in the CookIslands, would cease publication,and only a few days before theproposed cessation, minds werechanged and the 'News" continues.

The staff of the press hasbeen increased to include theservices of a translator who trans-lates the English news into Raro-tongan, the local language. Thisis something which has been lackingfor more than two years.

New inclusions in the News re-cently have been a Women's Page

By Marii Mahutariki

entitled "Girl Talk and a page forthe Children.

A new editor has not yet beenappointed. For the past eightmonths, Bronwyn Webb, a 21-year-old New Zealander, has been holdingthe reins. She spent three yearsas a reporter with CIN prior tobeing appointed Acting Editor.

No official policy or planshave been announced regarding thefuture of the Cook Islands Newsalthough it has been talked aboutconstantly. However, it is ex-pected to remain a Governmentpublication.

Fiji

BROADCASTING MIX CHANGEDFrom Fiji Broadcasting

Commission Report

Major changes in broadcastingin Fiji were highlighted in theFiji Broadcasting Commission 19thAnnual Report on radio broadcastingin the tn-lingual island nation.

Changes included more program-ming in Fijian and Hindustani inresponse to audience demands. Fijiradio broadcasting is now set upon two channels--Radio Fiji Oneand Radio Fiji Two, with Fijianand English languages used on Oneand Hindustani and English onChannel Two.

An increase in the trans-mitting power of Radio Fiji hasmade it audible to a wider SouthPacific audience, and the AnnualReport concluded that "Radio Fijiwill be making no idle boast whenit announces, as it now does, thatit is 'The Voice of the Islands.''

BEACH PRESS MOVES

Fiji Beach Press, Hosting &Purchasing magazine, and SouthPacific Area News Service havemoved into spacious new offices onthe outskirts of Suva. "Real es-tate prices and rents have risen soridiculously in the center of Suva,we were forced out of town," saysdirector Shirley Barker. "But I'm

awfully glad we did. The air'scleaner, and we can stretch oureyes over the reef. Additionally,we're right in the center of thebustling new community development,Raiwaqa Estate, which is veryinteresting and lively."

HINDI JOURNALISTS FORM

The Fiji Hindi JournalistsAssociation has been formed topromote the Hindi language through-out Fiji and to help those who wantto improve their Hindi, the FijiTimes reported in September.

Guru Dayal Sharma, editorof the Hindi weekly newspaperShanti Out, is the association'sfirst president.

Other officials are: Vice-presidents, Kamla Prasad Mishra(editor, Jai Fiji); Pandit RaghvaNand Sharma (editor, Jagriti);general secretary, Chandra DeoSingh (assistant editor, FijiSamachar); treasurer, Veni LalMorris (editor, Fiji Sandesh);assistant treasurer, Han KrishnaGaundar (assistant editor, JaiFiji).

8

FBC APPOINTS FIRST Gilbert and ElliceDEVELOPMENT OFFICER MURRAY NAMED

M.D. Murray was appointed toFrom Fiji Broadcasting Commission the post of Senior Broadcasting

The Fiji Broadcasting Corn- Officer at mid-year for themission has appointed its first Gilbert and Ellice Islands Broad-

broadcasting Development Officer. casting Service. The post hadlie is Ambika Maharaj who has been been vacant for some time, ABUemployed as a Current Affairs Newsletter reports.Producer with Radio Fiji sinceJuly 1912. FILM UNDERWAY

Maharaj, 36, previouslyworked for the F.B.C. from 1959 The first professionally pro-to 1964 as an announcer, producer, duced motion picture in the GEICroving reporter and rural broad- is underway, PIM reports (Octobertests officer. He joined the 1973). The star is AborinaIiji Development Bank in 1965 as a Tenanorake, 21, of North Tarawa.Rural Credit Officer, resigning in The title is 'Sailing in the968 to take an appointment with Trade Winds," and the final interi-the Cooperatives Department where or shooting will be done in Munich,he became an Assistant Registrar, West Germany.and later the same year acted astenior Registrar. Hawaii

Maharaj has travelled widely, MAYOR NEWSMAN CLASHhaving visited England, NewZealand, Australia, Singapore, The Mayor of Honolulu hasIndia, U.S.A., Sweden, Japan, twice refused admission of a Hono-Hong Kong and Thailand. lulu Star-Bulletin reporter to his

He accompanied the Fijian news conference. The incidentsFirewalkers as press liaison occurred on November 2 and Novemberofficer on their visit to India 22. In both cases, James Loomis,last year. director of City Information and

As Broadcasting Development Complaints Office, barred the entry)fficer, Maharaj will have re- of the reporter, Richard Borreca,

ponsibility for programs con- into the press conference. Borrecarwcted with economic and cultural is the City Hall reporter for the

development in Fiji. The objects Star-Bulletin.of the post are: According to report in the

Honolulu Advertiser, whose reporter(a) to inform the people of was not excluded from the meetings,

Fiji of development withinthe country; BULLETIN

(b) to make a contribution tonational development by The Honolulu Star-Bulletin on

attempting to unite the December 21 filed a damage suit in

races and bridge the Federal Court in Honolulu over the

cultural gap between exclusion of reporter Richard

different communities. Borreca from the news conferencesThis will involve cross- of Mayor Frank F. Fasi. Fasi andcultural programing and his information chief, James Loomis,closer liaison between were named in the suit. A pre-the people producing pro- liminary injunction against ex-

grams in the different clusion was also sought.

languages within RadioFiji itself. Loomis told Borreca he was "persona

non grata" and was being barred be-fhi is a very senior ap- cause of a "two-year history of un-

unt because of the importance fair reporting on his part," Loomistin i.B.C. attaches to this aspect said. No specifics were given, but,t its operations. We think Ambika Loomis said he had discussed theMiheraj is an ideal person for the matter "in detail" with the editorsjob because of his very varied of the Star-Bulletin.oxperience, his ability to get The Hawaii Observer, a bi-ion with people of all races and weekly journal in Honolulu, ex-itrial groups, his knowledge of pressed surprise at the way thethe three main languages of Fiji Honolulu newspapers took the ex-nd his demonstrated skill as a clusion, in its November 27 issue.

broadcaster in more than one The Observer recounted how the.language. Star-Bulletin earlier this year

The general manager of FBC is had fought a court injunction on

Hugh Leonard, who began his new publishing a crime series recently

post during the latter part of (see PICN August 1973), wondered

1973. Leonard said Fiji is de- why the Star-Bulletin did no more

veloping fast, and he thinks "we than "give the Mayor an editorial

should be playing a larger role in slap on the wrist" over the ex-

this development." Devakar Prasad clusion.

is assistant general manager.

The Observer said that Loomis,right after the press conference ofNovember 2, "audaciously assertedthat the Mayor had the 'right' todeny access to any reporter who,in the Mayor's opinion, treats theCity or the Mayor unfairly. Buteven President Nixon does not pre-sume the power to exclude reportershe dislikes from his press confer-ences."

Loomis has said he would ac-cept other Star-Bulletin reporters,but not Borreca, to the new confer-ences. The Star-Bulletin's po-sition is that it will not "let theCity Administration dictate whomwe shall send...to press confer-ences."

JOINT PRINTING EXTENDED

From the Honolulu Star-Bulletin(Nov. 16)

The joint-publishing agreementbetween the Honolulu Star-Bulletinand Honolulu Advertiser newspapershas been extended for 50 years, thetwo firms announced in November.Both papers are printed by theHawaii Newspaper Agency, owned bythe two papers.

The two publishers, John Scottof the Star-Bulletin and ThurstonTwigg-Smith of the Advertiser, saidthe agreement will allow long-termplanning on new technology andstill maintain "two separate inde-pendent editorial voices."

The original agreement wassigned in 1962, and established theagency to handle production andbusiness aspects of the two papers.

The Star-Bulletin is part ofthe Gannett newspaper group, whichalso owns the Guam newspapers andis planning to start the PacificAmerican, a weekly aimed at Americanand Canadian tourists in the SouthPacific, New Zealand and Australia.

ADVERTISER NAMES M.E.

John M. Middlesworth, formereditor of the Lafayette Journaland Courier in Indiana, is the newmanaging editor of the HonoluluAdvertiser. He took over his newduties on December 1. The posthas been vacant since June 1972.

9

EDITORIAL PAGE CUTS

The newsprint shortage in theinited States has finally caughtup with the Honolulu newspapers.oth dailies, the Advertiser andthe Star-Bulletin, have cutbackfeatures and editorial pageec)tanrent in a move to conservepaper (see separate story forimpact on Pacific American).Both papers have what is calledan opposite editorial page, or'op ed' page, and half of thatpuce is now given to advertisinginstead of comment.

John Griffin, editor of theAdvertiser editorial page, toldhis readers how the loss will behandled in his "By the Way"column in November. Here is partof what he said:

"The most frequent question,e pet is: what are you going tout?

"The positive answer to that'Nothing.'

'We are not going to runfewer letters to the editor. We'lltill offer space for longer'Commentary' articles. No colum-nists or cartoonists are beingdropped.

"What we hope to do is editjhter. For us it means writing

,ure short editorials and trimmingecess wordage in columns and

pinion articles, something thatits difficult under timeressures. For Harry Lyons it

scans a cartoon slightly reducedmm size.

"For letter writers, we hopet will mean writing shorterletters--or, understanding when weedit down to what we consider theessential idea.

"There will be fewer speechesreprinted, fewer series, and this,sriter--or rather 'I', since weire trying to save space--willrefrain from unloading long arti-'..ies on the state of the Pacific.

"Somebody suggested we mightell the ad space to politicianswho oppose us. But we won't cometo that. They can still get thespace for nothing--if it's news."

Micronesia

MEDIA TO HELP CARRYPOLITICAL EDUCATION

Micronesia will be taking amajor step in public politicaleducation, according to the Officeof the High Commissioner in Saipan,whose office is spearheading theproject.

Calling it "Education for Self-Government in Micronesia," HighCommissioner Edward Johnston firstannounced the political educationprogram in October. Under the over-all coordination of Director ofPublic Affairs Strik Yoma, theprogram is designed to utilize allmedia in the T.T. for politicaleducation purposes.

The program will make ex-tensive use of radio, the mostcomprehensive medium of mass com-munication in Micronesia, withseminars, discussion groups, andwritten materials as well.

The materials will be dis-tributed to the schools and inadult education programs, Johnstonsaid. The program will also includea greatly expaoded use of trans-lators to insure that the materialis quickly translated into all ofthe Trust Territory's majorlanguages.

CABLE TV EXPANDS

Cable television will coverhalf of the eight districts on theisland of Hawaii by the end of1974, the Honolulu Advertiser re-ported. Three companies are in-volved. One district, Ka'u, isalready serviced.

One cable firm, Comtec, has875 paid subscribers waiting forservice, hopes to have servicestarted within a few months. Thefirm already in operation, CAMP,Inc., said it has 492 subscribersin Ka'u, representing 80 percentof the potential market. He saidhis firm increased about 25 percentin subscribers in the first eightmonths of operation.

Hawaii is the largest of theHawaiian Islands, but is lightlypopulated. The cable companiesplan to eventually link up througha service that originates inHonolulu.

BROADCAST CHIEF NAMED

Elias H. Thomas of Ponape wasappointed Chief of Broadcast Di-vision of the Trust Territory ofthe Pacific Islands (Micronesia)government. He is in charge ofthe six-station Micronesian Broad-casting Service.

Thomas had been serving asAssistant Chief. He succeedsGeorge Callison, who is now SpecialAssistant to the Director ofPublic Affairs on broadcastmatters.

Thomas, who served as con-sultant on the 1971 Radio TrainingWorkshop at the East-WestCommunication Institute, has beenin broadcasting for many years,first on his native Ponape andthen at the Saipan headquarters.His appointment in October wasmade by High Commissioner EdwardE. Johnston.

SAIPAN-GUAM SITUATION

The controversy in Micronesiaover the application by Guam Publi-cation, Inc., to do business inSaipan, summarized in the Augustissue of Pacific Islands Communica-tion Newsletter, was still bubblingalong in September. Jon A.Anderson, whose column "A PersonalView" appears in the MarianasVariety, said this in a September 7column:

"I've been pondering theproblem of Guam Publication's appli-cation for a business permit, andmust admit I have mixed feelingsabout it. Surely, it is obviousthat granting such. a permit wouldwork a hardship on the two localweeklies. There is only so muchadvertising revenue on Saipan, andthose available dollars are alreadystretched pretty thin. On theother hand, the Guam papers havelately been providing the best,most accurate coverage they'veever devoted to the Trust Territory,and an expanded operation on Saipancould be a real boost to the qualityof TT journalism.

"On balance, though, I thinkI'll have to go along with therecommendation of the MarianasEconomic Development Board. Myfriends at PDN (Guam's PacificDaily News) will jump all over mefor that, but I really think theboard's basic position in the caseis sound, at least for now."

IThe Honolulu Advertiser10

VARIETY CHANGES DUE

Abed Younis, editor of theMrianasVariety in Saipan, saidhe expects changes and new de-velopments in his newspaper soon,nd that these should increaseirculation.

He said the Variety istrictiy to serve the Marianas

people in their interest. It isompletely independent of poli-tical, governmental or personalnfl uence."

Staff of the Variety now in-odes Abed and Paz Younis,

ublishers and editors; Abedounis, advertising manager;ranCISCO C. Camacho, advertising;iyout; Rita Lizama and Jane;rjuon, secretaries, and Barbaraezt, proofreader.

Younis sees increasing po-tential for advertising, as thetipan economy increases.

FILMING RULES SET

A film of the Truk Lagoon isrrig made by a U.S. company, andDistrict Administrator, Juan

iblari, has laid down some rules?lit might be of interest to otherros. The terms, as reported in

the October 1973 PIM, are thatpies of all films taken of the

;irticular operation (in thisse, d sunken Japanese submarine

World War II days) are to bede available to the Trust Tern-/ Government at no cost, and

in be used for official and non-Lid purposes, and will be

vi lbIe to anyone who wants themround the world.

1[ADIO WORKSHOPS

During the first half of thisFr. Mel Gosioco has conducted

11110 production workshops iniliu, Yap, Truk, Ponape andMuro. In Majuro the courseiferid primarily to the staff ofii ftthoi it: Radio Production'iter, was given at the govern-r G1dio Station and was attendedtie whole staff. It was so well

eli-received that Fr. Gosioco wassalted to repeat his performanceGaipan during the last two weeksJuly.The Radio Production Workshop

ou one of three (together withitechetics and economic-social

tevelopments) held concurrently atruk. During the two weeks there

were joint sessions for all threejroups in the interest of further-ing communication between different

types of activity on the mission.[he Radio Production people, underFr. Gosioco (on loan from theIhilippines) scripted various kindsof programs from the material

offered by the catechetical team.The result was ideas and scriptsfor spots, interviews, radio talksand dramas that could be translatedin the local language and producedfor the air in the individualdistricts.

From July 1973 Jescomea NewsletterJesuits Engaged in Communicationsin East Asia), Box 4132, Manila,Philippines.)

Thomas Travels

From MBS Newsletter

The Chief of Broadcast, EliasH. Thomas, is tentatively scheduledto leave Saipan December 1 for atrip to Jakarta, Indonesia, andthen to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

While in Jakarta, Thomas willattend the annual meeting of theAsian Broadcast Union (ABU), then,after the three-day affair, hewill zip off to Kuala Lumpur toobserve training techniques at theregional training center for ABU.

He will return to Saipan on orabout December 15.

George T. Callison, formerChief, and now Special Advisor tothe Director of Public Affairs, andStrik Yoma will accompany Thomas onthe trip.

New ZealandNEWS MEDIA OWNERSHIPREPEAL LIKELY TO PASS

by Robert McClelland

Legislation to repeal theNews Media Ownership Act has beenintroduced into the New ZealandParliament, but was not passedbefore the session ended in themiddle of December because ofpressure of other business. TheAct is now certain to be passedwhen Parliament assembles in thenew year.

The repeal of the Act was aLabour Party promise when it waselected government in November1972 and will open the way foroverseas newspaper interests toown and operate newspapers inNew Zealand.

The Act, passed by the Nation-al Government in 1965, providedthat the total overseas-domiciledvoting strength of any news mediacompany must not exceed 20 percent,and no one foreigner could holdmore than 15 percent of the totalvoting strength.

The introduction of the Actfollowed bids for the Wellingtonmorning paper, the Dominion, bythe Thomson Organization of Britainand the Murdoch group of Australia.

Clearing the way for overseasnewspaper interests to enter cando nothing but good for the NewZealand industry, which oftenlacks dash and excitement.

An almost inevitable conse-quence of the repeal of the Actis the introduction of a nationaldaily newspaper, which would goa long way towards stimulating NewZealand's growing sense of nation-hood.

The introduction of a nation-al daily would not diminish theplace of a local newspaper, whichwould still have to 'fold in" thelocal angle on news.

Fears that there might beredundancies in the industry uponthe introduction of a nationalnewspaper need not be taken tooseriously as experience in othercountries of such papers has shownthat the news industry expandedrather than contracted in itscoverage.

Newspapers in New Zealandwill have to change, or they are

likely, because of a changingcommunity, to have the changesforced on them.

Change does not necessarilymean a dash into sensationalism--a great fear in New Zealand--but

acceptance of a more adventurousattitude to news gathering.

RURAL BROADCASTS

Excerpted from ABU Newsletter

Keeping rural broadcastsattractive and appealing to awide range of New Zealand audi-ences is the task of the NZBC'sRural Broadcasts Section.

Its prize-winning program"Country Session" provides agri-cultural information at primelistening hours--each weekday from12:40 to 1:00 p.m. Preceded bynational news and weather, the 20-minute program is aimed at inter-ested town dwellers as well as therural community.

The format is divided intotwo sections of 10-minute length;the first section is coordinatedat the network level with program-ming of national interest, andfor the second section each of thesix farming regions originates itsown program with a local RuralBroadcasts Officer. This section

provides information on matters oflocal interest and farm managementadvice suited to the particularregion and season.

The "Country Session' programis highly regarded by farmer organ-izations and businesses not onlyfor its variety--but for the accu-

racy and integrity.The NZBC Rural Section pro-

duces over 100 hours of radiobroadcasts a week, in addition toa weekly TV program.

11

NiueTHOI TALA NIUE UPDATE

Hima I. Douglas, editor ofIhoi Tala Niue, brings us up-to-date on The Niue paper in a recentcorrespondence. He said the paperis published weekly on Fridays bythe Information Office.

The office is a new one es-t.ablished in November 1972, and isresponsible for the publication ofThoilala Niue and for running thebroadcasting station. These ac-tivities were previously the re-sponsibility of the CommunityDevelopment Office, an office nolonger in existence.

The editorial policy ofThoi Tala Niue rests solely withthe Editor.

At present, Thoi Tala Niueis a one-man band--the editor--although we hope to have ajournalist soon from New Zealandto train local staff. Our totalcirculation now is estimated at00, with 300 copies going over-eas

Pa])ua New GuineaSAP lAS NAMED PRESS SECRETARY

Sapias Named Press Secretary

Austin Sapias, 1972 JeffersonFellow at the East-West Center andwell-known to pressmen throughoutthe Pacific islands, has recentlyleft the staff of the Post-Courierto become Press Secretary to the'liief Minister of Papua New Guinea,Mr. Michael Somare. Sapias is ontrio new job in Port Moresby andos wife and children were to joiniiin from Rabaul shortly beforehristmds.

Sapias and the Chief Ministerire long-time friends, having goneto school together and worked to-.1other in Mr. Somare's days as awurnalist with the Papua New;uinea information service.

BONA TRAVELS IN S.E. ASIA

Pauline Bona in Southeast Asia

Papua New Guinea Post-Courierreporter Pauline Bona is on theroad again--this time throughingapore and Malaysia.

Bona won a Gunther Fellowshiptravel/study grant of $Al000 whichshe is using to widen her news-paper experience on the Singaporeevening newspaper New Nation.

She expects to return to PortMoresby at the end of Decemberifter nearly three months away.the Fellowship honors the Uni-versity of Papua New Guinea'sfirst Vice-Chancellor, Dr. JohnGunther, who retired recentlyafter many years in the Adminis-

tration of the Territory of PapuaNew Guinea, which become self-governing Dec. 1.

INFO OFFICER NAMED

Sam Piniau has been namedDirector for Information andExtension Services, as reportedin the August 15 Our News. Hereplaces Lisle Newby. Sam Piniaustarted his Papua New Guineabroadcasting career as broadcastofficer and was later stationmanager at Goroka and Bougainville.He previously served as ActingAssistant Director and as ActingDirector.

TongaMANAGER POST VACANTAFTER FIRST SEARCH

By Paua Manu'atu

Manager's position for RadioTonga is still vacant in lateOctober since the former manager,Alfred Sanft returned to NewZealand on June 16.

The position was advertisedin the Tonga Chronicle in Apriland eight applications were re-ceived but all proved to be un-successful

The Tonga Government, whichsubsidizes Radio Tonga, has ap-pointed the radio news presentationofficer, 'Uliti Palu, as actingmanager until a suitable applicantis recruited.

Mr. Palu is a foundationmember of the Radio staff when itstarted in July 4, 1961. He beganhis career as a Chief Announcerbefore he assumed the position asnews presentation officer in 1968.He is one of the participants whotook part in a Radio Communicationcourse at East-West Center inHonolulu.

A government spokesman saidHis Majesty's Government hasapplied to U.K. Government torecruit a new manager for RadioTonga through the U.K. OverseasTechnical Assistance, to fill thepost by the end of this year.

Mr. Sanft, the former manager,had returned to New Zealand wherehe joined the staff of the NewZealand National BroadcastingService as announcer, the positionhe held before he was appointed asmanager of Radio Tonga in 1967

SCHOOLGIRL RAISES

CRITICISM QUESTIONOne of the delicate matters

in a changing society is thedevelopment of groundrules forcriticism and public discussion,

particularly in the mass media.In an incident in Tonga that

has obvious relevance to otherparts of the Pacific, the winningspeech in a school contest hastouched off debate over the rightto criticize, and the right ofthe press to carry the publicdiscussion of proposed changes.

The schoolgirl, 15 years old,questioned the distribution ofpower in Tonga, and said it was"unfair and simply undemocratic(October 1973, PIM).

The newspaper reprinted thespeech, and thereby came underattack. Members of Parliamentwere critical of the TongaChronicle for reprinting thetalk.

PIM reported that ActingPrime Minister, Hon Tuita, remindedthe assembly there was a clausein the constitution which providedfor freedom of expression, andthere was no way of forbidding it.'

PIN also quoted Tu'ilataMataele, MP, as follows:

'There was a lot of contro-versy when the paper was establishedand a lot of people advocated thatthe paper should be both forgovernment and the people. Anyway,the paper got off to a good startbut just lately has deteriorated.I have also noticed that when thepalagi (European) editor was here,nothing of this nature happened,but this time the present editor,this incident has cropped up."

EWC ANNOUNCES STUDYPROGRAM FOR JOURNALISTS

Mid-career journalists areinvited to apply for a 17-weekJefferson Fellowship, fromAugust 4 to December 1, 1974. Thefellowship is sponsored by theCommunication Institute at theEast-West Center, and is forjournalists with at least fiveyears of experience, between ages27 and 40. Write to the Com-munication Institute for a bro-chure and application form.

EAST-WEST CENTER

THE EAST-WEST CENTER is anational education institutionestablished in Hawaii by the UnitedStates Congress in 1960. Formallyknown as 'The Center for Culturaland Technical Interchange BetweenEast and West," the federally fundedCenter is administered in coopera-tion with the University of Hawaii.Its mandated goal is "to promotebetter relations between the UnitedStates and the nations of Asia andthe Pacific through cooperativestudy, training, and research.

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