Pa 2010 back
-
Upload
guestf778684a -
Category
Education
-
view
714 -
download
0
Transcript of Pa 2010 back
![Page 1: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rockie Mountain National Park
![Page 2: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ANATOMICAL POSITION
1. Standing erect
2. Head facing forward
3. Upper extremity hanging by side, palm of hand facing forward
4. Lower limbs together with toes pointing forward
![Page 4: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ANATOMICAL PLANES
MEDIAN PLANE
Imaginary vertical plane passing longitudinally through the body from front to back, dividing it into right and left halves.
SAGITTAL PLANES
Imaginary vertical plane passing through the body parallel to the median plane.
CORONAL PLANES (Frontal)
Imaginary vertical plane passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions.
HORIZONTAL PLANES (Transverse)
Imaginary planes passing through the body at right angles to both the median and coronal planes (parallel to the horizon).
![Page 5: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
COMMONLY USED TERMS OF RELATIONSHIP AND COMPARISON
ANTERIOR (VENTRAL) Nearer to the front
POSTERIOR (DORSAL) Nearer to the back
MEDIAL Nearer to the median plane
LATERAL Farther from the median plane
SUPERIOR (CRANIAL) Nearer to the head
INFERIOR (CAUDAL) Nearer to the feet
PROXIMAL Nearer to the trunk or point of origin
DISTAL Farther from the trunk or point of origin
SUPERFICIAL Nearer to or on the surface
DEEP Farther from the surface
CENTRAL Nearer to the center
PERIPHERAL Farther away from the center
![Page 6: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sacral Hiatus
7 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
4-5 Coccygeal
Sacral Cornu Sacral Cornu
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
![Page 7: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
* Vertebral Canal Contains spinal cord
Pedicle
Lamina
Sp
ino
us
Pro
cess
Transvers
e Pro
cess
Intervertebral Foramen
Body
*
TYPICAL VERTEBRA
![Page 8: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sp
ino
us
Pro
ce
ss
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Supraspinous Ligament
Body
VERTEBRAL LIGAMENTS
Ligamentum Flavum
Lamina
![Page 9: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Vertebral Spinous Process
Vertebral Body
Intervertebral Disc
Supraspinous LigamentAnterior Longitudinal Ligament
Ligamentum Flavum
Intervertebral Foramen
VERTEBRAL LIGAMENTS
![Page 10: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pia Mater
Dorsal Root of Spinal NerveDorsal Rootletsof Spinal Nerve
Dura Arachnoid Sleeve
Ventral Root of Spinal Nerve
MENINGES OF SPINAL CORD
3 Meningeal Layers Dura Mater Arachnoid Subarachnoid Space Pia Mater
Subarachnoid Space
Dura Arachnoid Sleeve
![Page 12: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Conus Medullaris L2
Cauda EquinaInternal Filum Terminal
Termination of Dural Sac S4External Filum Terminal
Spinal Cord Covered with Pia Mater
Iliac Crest L4
SPINAL CORD
![Page 13: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
8 Cervical Spinal Nerves
12 Thoracic Spinal Nerves
5 Lumbar Spinal Nerves
5 Sacral Spinal Nerves
Cauda Equina
End of Dura Arachnoid Sleeve
Dura Arachnoid Sleeve
DISC HERNIATION
C8
T9
L4
S1
T9
L4
Subarachnoid Space
1 Coccygeal Spinal Nerve
![Page 14: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Subclavian Artery
Vertebral Artery
Posterior intercostal Arteries
Lumbar Arteries
Lateral Sacral Artery
Segmental Arteries (Radicular)
Posterior Spinal ArteriesAnterior Spinal Artery
ANTERIOR VIEW POSTERIOR VIEW
Intervertebral Artery
![Page 15: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
External Venous Plexus
External Venous Plexus
Internal Venous Plexus
Intervertebral Vein
CONTRIBUTIONS TO BATSON’S PLEXUS OF VEINS
![Page 16: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Glacier National Park
![Page 17: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1 – Trapezius CN XI
Test: shoulder shrug
2 - Latissimus Dorsi Thoracodorsal Nerve
Test: arm extension*Thoracolumbar Fascia
SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – SUPERFICIAL LAYER
*
1
2
![Page 18: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
*Thoracolumbar Fascia
SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – INTERMEDIATE LAYER
1 – Levator Scapulae2 – Rhomboid Minor3 – Rhomboid Major
Dorsal scapular n. (C5)
Elevate and retract scapula
*
1
2
3
![Page 19: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
SUPERFICIAL BACK MUSCLES – DEEP LAYER
1 – Serratus Posterior Superior
2 – Serratus Posterior Inferior
ventral rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
1
2
![Page 20: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Lumbar Triangle Site of potential herniations
1 – External Abdominal Oblique
2 – Quadratus Lumborum (floor)
3 – Latissimus Dorsi (reflected)
4 – Iliac Crest
Triangle of Auscultation
1 – Trapezius
*Inferior angle of the scapula
2 – Latissimus
TRIANGLES OF THE BACK
*
*
Upper Lobe of Lung
Lower Lobe of Lung
Oblique Fissure
1
1
2
32
1
![Page 21: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
DEEP BACK MUSCLES
1 – Semispinalis2 – Splenius
Suboccipital Triangle
Contents Vertebral a & v
1
2
12
3
Erector Spinae Muscles
1 – Spinalis 2 – Longissimus 3 – Iliocostalis
Function
extension of the vertebral column & head
Lateral rotation of the vertebral column & head
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
![Page 22: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Pa 2010 back](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062707/55842683d8b42a79568b49a9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Frozen Tundra at 13,000 ft