(P3) Final Project

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Acceptance of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) vis--vis Fixed Line Internet and itscomparative study 1

Chapter 1 Overview of Internet Industry

1.1 Introduction

Internet is a short form of the technical term internetwork the result of interconnecting

computer networks with special gateways or routers. The Internet is also often referred to as the

Net.

The term Internet, when referring to the entire global system of IP networks has been treated as

a proper noun and written with an initial capital letter. In the media and popular culture a trend

has also developed to regard it as a generic term or common noun and thus write it as "the

internet", without capitalization.

The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much

distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same. The

hardware andsoftware infrastructure of the Internet establishes a global data communications

system between computers. In contrast, the Web is one of the services communicated via the

Internet. It is a collection of interconnected documents and other resources, linked by

hyperlinks and URLs. Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web

interchangeably, but in fact the two terms are not synonymous. The Internet and the Web are

two separate but related things.

More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, records, information, facts and

figures, news and opinions. Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet

is decentralized by design. Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. There are a

variety of ways toaccess the Internet. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial

Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Avesh Africawala Rizvi Academy of Management
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1.2 Definition of Internet

The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks -

a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if they have permission, get

information from any other computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers).

It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government

in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANet. The original aim was to create a network that

would allow users of a research computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research

computers at other universities. A side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because

messages could be routed or rerouted in more than one direction, the network could continue to

function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a military attack or other disaster.

Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility accessible to hundreds

of millions of people worldwide. Physically, the Internet uses a portion of the total resources of

the currently existing public telecommunication networks. Technically, what distinguishes the

Internet is its use of a set of protocols called TCP/IP (for Transmission Control

Protocol/Internet Protocol). Two recent adaptations of Internet technology, the intranet and the

extranet, also make use of the TCP/IP protocol.

For many Internet users, electronic mail (e-mail) has practically replaced the Postal Service for

short written transactions. Electronic mail is the most widely used application on the Net. You

can also carry on live "conversations" with other computer users, using Internet Relay Chat

(IRC). More recently, Internet telephony hardware and software allows real-time voice

conversations.

The most widely used part of the Internet is the World Wide Web (often abbreviated "WWW"

or called "the Web"). Its outstanding feature is hypertext, a method of instant cross-referencing.

In most Web sites, certain words or phrases appear in text of a different color than the rest;

http://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci212377,00.htmlhttp://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid200_gci212089,00.htmlhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci212051,00.htmlhttp://searchexchange.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid43_gci214040,00.htmlhttp://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212301,00.htmlhttp://searchwindevelopment.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid8_gci212377,00.htmlhttp://searchenterprisewan.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid200_gci212089,00.htmlhttp://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci212051,00.htmlhttp://searchexchange.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid43_gci214040,00.htmlhttp://searchsoa.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212301,00.html


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often this text is also underlined. When you select one of these words or phrases, you will be

transferred to the site or page that is relevant to this word or phrase. Sometimes there are

buttons, images, or portions of images that are "clickable." If you move the pointer over a spot

on a Web site and the pointer changes into a hand, this indicates that you can click and be

transferred to another site.

Using the Web, you have access to millions of pages of information. Web browsing is done

with a Webbrowser, the most popular of which are Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape

Navigator. The appearance of a particular Web site may vary slightly depending on the browser

you use. Also, later versions of a particular browser are able to render more "bells and whistles"

such as animation, virtual reality, sound, and music files, than earlier versions.

Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are

linked into exchanges of data, information, facts, figures, statistics, records, news and opinions.

Unlike online services, which are centrally controlled, the Internet is decentralized by design.

Each Internet computer, called a host, is independent. Its operators can choose which Internet

services to use and which local services to make available to the global Internet community.

Remarkably, this anarchy by design works exceedingly well. There are a variety of ways to

access the Internet. Most online services, such as America Online, offer access to some Internet

services. It is also possible to gain access through a commercial Internet Service Provider

(ISP).

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1.3 Technology

1.3.1 Protocols

The communications infrastructure of the Internet consists of its hardware components and a

system of software layers that control various aspects of the architecture. While the hardware

can often be used to support other software systems, it is the design and the rigorous

standardization process of the software architecture that characterizes the Internet and provides

the foundation for its scalability and success. The responsibility for the architectural design of

the Internet software systems has been delegated to the Internet Engineering Task Force

(IETF). The IETF conducts standard-setting work groups, open to any individual, about the

various aspects of Internet architecture. Resulting discussions and final standards are published

in a series of publications, each called a Request for Comments (RFC), freely available on the

IETF web site. The principal methods of networking that enable the Internet are contained in

specially designated RFCs that constitute the Internet Standards. Other less rigorous documents

are simply informative, experimental, or historical, or document the best current practices

(BCP) when implementing Internet technologies.

The Internet standards describe a framework known as the Internet protocol suite. This is a

model architecture that divides methods into a layered system of protocols (RFC 1122, RFC

1123). The layers correspond to the environment or scope in which their services operate. At

the top is the application layer, the space for the application-specific networking methods used

in software applications, e.g., a web browser program. Below this top layer, the transport layer

connects applications on different hosts via the network (e.g., clientserver model) with

appropriate data exchange methods. Underlying these layers are the core networking

technologies, consisting of two layers. The internet layer enables computers to identify and

locate each other via Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, and allows them to connect to one-



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another via intermediate (transit) networks. Last, at the bottom of the architecture, is a software

layer, the link layer, that provides connectivity between hosts on the same local network link,

such as a local area network (LAN) or a dial-up connection. The model, also known as TCP/IP,

is designed to be independent of the underlying hardware, which the model therefore does not

concern itself with in any detail. Other models have been developed, such as the Open Systems

Interconnection (OSI) model, but they are not compatible in the details of description or

implementation; many similarities exist and the TCP/IP protocols are usually included in the

discussion of OSI networking.

The most prominent component of the Internet model is the Internet Protocol (IP), which

provides addressing systems (IP addresses) for computers on the Internet. IP enables

internetworking and in essence establishes the Internet itself. IP Version 4 (IPv4) is the initial

version used on the first generation of today's Internet and is still in dominant use. It was

designed to address up to ~4.3 billion (109) Internet hosts. However, the explosive growth of

the Internet has led to IPv4 address exhaustion, which entered its final stage in 2011, when the

global address allocation pool was exhausted. A new protocol version, IPv6, was developed in

the mid-1990s, which provides vastly larger addressing capabilities and more efficient routing

of Internet traffic. IPv6 is currently in growing deployment around the world, since Internet

address registries (RIRs) began to urge all resource managers to plan rapid adoption and

conversion.

IPv6 is not interoperable with IPv4. In essence, it establishes a parallel version of the Internet

not directly accessible with IPv4 software. This means software upgrades or translator facilities

are necessary for networking devices that need to communicate on both networks. Most

modern computer operating systems already support both versions of the Internet Protocol.

Network infrastructures, however, are still lagging in this development. Aside from the



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complex array of physical connections that make up its infrastructure, the Internet is facilitated

by bi- or multi-lateral commercial contracts (e.g., peering agreements), and by technical

specifications or protocols that describe how to exchange data over the network. Indeed, the

Internet is defined by its interconnections and routing policies.

1.3.2 Structure

The Internet structure and its usage characteristics have been studied extensively. It has been

determined that both the Internet IP routing structure and hypertext links of the World Wide

Web are examples of scale-free networks. Similar to the way the commercial Internet providers

connect via Internet exchange points, research networks tend to interconnect into large sub

networks such as GEANT, GLORIAD, Internet2, and the UK's national research and education

network JANET. These in turn are built around smaller networks.

Many computer scientists describe the Internet as a "prime example of a large-scale, highly

engineered, yet highly complex system". The Internet is heterogeneous; for instance, data

transfer rates and physical characteristics of connections vary widely. The Internet exhibits

"emergent phenomena" that depend on its large-scale organization. For example, data transfer

rates exhibit temporal self-similarity. The principles of the routing and addressing methods for

traffic in the Internet reach back to their origins the 1960s when the eventual scale and

popularity of the network could not be anticipated. Thus, the possibility of developing

alternative structures is investigated The Internet structure was found to be highly robust to

random failures and very vulnerable to high degree attacks.



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1.4 Use of Internet in modern life

The Internet allows greater flexibility in working hours and location, especially with the spread

of unmetered high-speed connections. The Internet can be accessed almost anywhere by

numerous means, including through mobile Internet devices. Mobile phones, data cards,

handheld game consoles and cellular routers allow users to connect to the Internet wirelessly.

Within the limitations imposed by small screens and other limited facilities of such pocket-

sized devices, the services of the Internet, including email and the web, may be available.

Service providers may restrict the services offered and mobile data charges may be

significantly higher than other access methods.

Educational material at all levels from pre-school to post-doctoral is available from websites.

Examples range from CBeebies, through school and high-school revision guides, virtual

universities, to access to top-end scholarly literature through the likes ofGoogle Scholar. For

distance education, help with homework and other assignments, self-guided learning, whiling

away spare time, or just looking up more detail on an interesting fact, it has never been easier

for people to access educational information at any level from anywhere. The Internet in

general and the World Wide Web in particular are important enablers of both formal and

informal education.

The low cost and nearly instantaneous sharing of ideas, knowledge, and skills has made

collaborative work dramatically easier, with the help of collaborative software. Not only can a

group cheaply communicate and share ideas but the wide reach of the Internet allows such

groups more easily to form. An example of this is the free software movement, which has

produced, among other things, Linux, Mozilla Firefox, and OpenOffice.org. Internet chat,

whether in the form of an IRC chat room or channel, via an instant messaging system, or a

social networking website, allows colleagues to stay in touch in a very convenient way when

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working at their computers during the day. Messages can be exchanged even more quickly and

conveniently than via email. These systems may allow files to be exchanged, drawings and

images to be shared, or voice and video contact between team members.

Content management systems allow collaborating teams to work on shared sets of documents

simultaneously without accidentally destroying each other's work. Business and project teams

can share calendars as well as documents and other information. Such collaboration occurs in a

wide variety of areas including scientific research, software development, conference planning,

political activism and creative writing. Social and political collaboration is also becoming more

widespread as both Internet access and computer literacy spread.

The Internet allows computer users to remotely access other computers and information stores

easily, wherever they may be. They may do this with or without computer security, i.e.

authentication and encryption technologies, depending on the requirements. This is

encouraging new ways of working from home, collaboration and information sharing in many

industries. An accountant sitting at home can audit the books of a company based in another

country, on a server situated in a third country that is remotely maintained by IT specialists in a

fourth. These accounts could have been created by home-working bookkeepers, in other remote

locations, based on information emailed to them from offices all over the world. Some of these

things were possible before the widespread use of the Internet, but the cost of private leased

lines would have made many of them infeasible in practice. An office worker away from their

desk, perhaps on the other side of the world on a business trip or a holiday, can access their

emails, access their data using cloud computing, or open a remote desktop session into their

office PC using a secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection on the Internet.



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1.5 Services

1.5.1 Information

Many people use the terms Internet and World Wide Web, or just the Web, interchangeably,

but the two terms are not synonymous. The World Wide Web is a global set of documents,

images and other resources, logically interrelated by hyperlinks and referenced with Uniform

Resource Identifiers (URIs). URIs symbolically identifies services, servers, and other

databases, and the documents and resources that they can provide. Hypertext Transfer Protocol

(HTTP) is the main access protocol of the World Wide Web, but it is only one of the hundreds

of communication protocols used on the Internet. Web services also use HTTP to allow

software systems to communicate in order to share and exchange business logic and data.

World Wide Web browser software, such as Microsoft's Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox,

Opera, Apple's Safari, and Google Chrome, lets users navigate from one web page to another

via hyperlinks embedded in the documents. These documents may also contain any

combination of computer data, including graphics, sounds, text, video, multimedia and

interactive content that runs while the user is interacting with the page. Client-side software can

include animations, games, office applications and scientific demonstrations. Through

keyword-driven Internet research using search engines like Yahoo! and Google, users

worldwide have easy, instant access to a vast and diverse amount of online information.

Compared to printed media, books, encyclopedias and traditional libraries, the World Wide

Web has enabled the decentralization of information on a large scale.

The Web has also enabled individuals and organizations to publish ideas and information to a

potentially large audience online at greatly reduced expense and time delay. Publishing a web

page, a blog, or building a website involves little initial cost and many cost-free services are

available. Publishing and maintaining large, professional web sites with attractive, diverse and



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up-to-date information is still a difficult and expensive proposition, however. Many individuals

and some companies and groups use web logs or blogs, which are largely used as easily

updatable online diaries. Some commercial organizations encourage staff to communicate

advice in their areas of specialization in the hope that visitors will be impressed by the expert

knowledge and free information, and be attracted to the corporation as a result. One example of

this practice is Microsoft, whose product developers publish their personal blogs in order to

pique the public's interest in their work. Collections of personal web pages published by large

service providers remain popular, and have become increasingly sophisticated. Whereas

operations such as Angel fire and Geo Cities have existed since the early days of the Web,

newer offerings from, for example, Facebook and MySpace currently have large followings.

These operations often brand themselves as social network services rather than simply as web

page hosts. Advertising on popular web pages can be lucrative, and e-commerce or the sale of

products and services directly via the Web continues to grow.

When the Web began in the 1990s, a typical web page was stored in completed form on a web

server, formatted in HTML, ready to be sent to a user's browser in response to a request. Over

time, the process of creating and serving web pages has become more automated and more

dynamic. Websites are often created using content management or wiki software with, initially,

very little content. Contributors to these systems, who may be paid staff, members of a club or

other organization or members of the public, fill underlying databases with content using

editing pages designed for that purpose, while casual visitors view and read this content in its

final HTML form. There may or may not be editorial, approval and security systems built into

the process of taking newly entered content and making it available to the target visitors.



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1.5.2 Communication

Email is an important communications service available on the Internet. The concept of

sending electronic text messages between parties in a way analogous to mailing letters or

memos predates the creation of the Internet. Pictures, documents and other files are sent as

email attachments. Emails can be cc-ed to multiple email addresses.

Internet telephony is another common communications service made possible by the creation

of the Internet. VoIP stands for Voice-over-Internet Protocol, referring to the protocol that

underlies all Internet communication. The idea began in the early 1990s with walkie-talkie-like

voice applications for personal computers. In recent years many VoIP systems have become as

easy to use and as convenient as a normal telephone. The benefit is that, as the Internet carries

the voice traffic, VoIP can be free or cost much less than a traditional telephone call, especially

over long distances and especially for those with always-on Internet connections such as cable

or ADSL. VoIP is maturing into a competitive alternative to traditional telephone service.

Interoperability between different providers has improved and the ability to call or receive a

call from a traditional telephone is available. Simple, inexpensive VoIP network adapters are

available that eliminate the need for a personal computer.

Voice quality can still vary from call to call, but is often equal to and can even exceed that of

traditional calls. Remaining problems for VoIP include emergency telephone number dialing

and reliability. Currently, a few VoIP providers provide an emergency service, but it is not

universally available. Traditional phones are line-powered and operate during a power failure;

VoIP does not do so without a backup power source for the phone equipment and the Internet

access devices. VoIP has also become increasingly popular for gaming applications, as a form

of communication between players. Popular VoIP clients for gaming include Ventrilo and

Teamspeak. Wii, PlayStation 3, and Xbox 360 also offer VoIP chat features.



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1.5.3 Data Transfer

File sharing is an example of transferring large amounts of data across the Internet. A computer

file can be emailed to customers, colleagues and friends as an attachment. It can be uploaded to

a website or FTP server for easy download by others. It can be put into a "shared location" or

onto a file server for instant use by colleagues. The load of bulk downloads to many users can

be eased by the use of "mirror" servers or peer-to-peer networks. In any of these cases, access

to the file may be controlled by user authentication, the transit of the file over the Internet may

be obscured by encryption, and money may change hands for access to the file. The price can

be paid by the remote charging of funds from, for example, a credit card whose details are also

passed usually fully encrypted across the Internet. The origin and authenticity of the file

received may be checked by digital signatures or by MD5 or other message digests. These

simple features of the Internet, over a worldwide basis, are changing the production, sale, and

distribution of anything that can be reduced to a computer file for transmission. This includes

all manner of print publications, software products, news, music, film, video, photography,

graphics and the other arts. This in turn has caused seismic shifts in each of the existing

industries that previously controlled the production and distribution of these products.

Streaming media is the real-time delivery of digital media for the immediate consumption or

enjoyment by end users. Many radio and television broadcasters provide Internet feeds of their

live audio and video productions. They may also allow time-shift viewing or listening such as

Preview, Classic Clips and Listen Again features. These providers have been joined by a range

of pure Internet "broadcasters" who never had on-air licenses. This means that an Internet-

connected device, such as a computer or something more specific, can be used to access on-line

media in much the same way as was previously possible only with a television or radio

receiver. The range of available types of content is much wider, from specialized technical



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webcasts to on-demand popular multimedia services. Podcasting is a variation on this theme,

where usually audio material is downloaded and played back on a computer or shifted to a

portable media player to be listened to on the move. These techniques using simple equipment

allow anybody, with little censorship or licensing control, to broadcast audio-visual material

worldwide.

Digital media streaming increases the demand for network bandwidth. For example, standard

image quality needs 1 Mbit/s link speed for SD 480p, HD 720p quality requires 2.5 Mbit/s, and

the top-of-the-line HDX quality needs 4.5 Mbit/s for 1080p.

Webcams are a low-cost extension of this phenomenon. While some webcams can give full-

frame-rate video, the picture either is usually small or updates slowly. Internet users can watch

animals around an African waterhole, ships in the Panama Canal, traffic at a local roundabout

or monitor their own premises, live and in real time. Video chat rooms and video conferencing

are also popular with many uses being found for personal webcams, with and without two-way

sound. YouTube was founded on 15 February 2005 and is now the leading website for free

streaming video with a vast number of users. It uses a flash-based web player to stream and

show video files. Registered users may upload an unlimited amount of video and build their

own personal profile. YouTube claims that its users watch hundreds of millions, and upload

hundreds of thousands of videos daily.

1.6 Social Impact

The Internet has enabled entirely new forms of social interaction, activities, and organizing,

thanks to its basic features such as widespread usability and access. Social networking websites

such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace have created new ways to socialize and interact. Users

of these sites are able to add a wide variety of information to pages, to pursue common

interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to find existing acquaintances, to allow



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communication among existing groups of people. Sites like LinkedIn foster commercial and

business connections.

In the first decade of the 21st century, the first generation is raised with widespread availability

of Internet connectivity, bringing consequences and concerns in areas such as personal privacy

and identity, and distribution of copyrighted materials. These "digital natives" face a variety of

challenges that were not present for prior generations.

The Internet has achieved new relevance as a political tool, leading to Internet censorship by

some states. The presidential campaign of Howard Dean in 2004 in the United States was

notable for its success in soliciting donation via the Internet. Many political groups use the

Internet to achieve a new method of organizing in order to carry out their mission, having given

rise to Internet activism, most notably practiced by rebels in the Arab Spring.[51] Some

governments, such as those of Iran, North Korea, Myanmar, the People's Republic of China,

and Saudi Arabia, restrict what people in their countries can access on the Internet, especially

political and religious content. This is accomplished through software that filters domains and

content so that they may not be easily accessed or obtained without elaborate circumvention.

In Norway, Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, major Internet service providers have voluntarily,

possibly to avoid such an arrangement being turned into law, agreed to restrict access to sites

listed by authorities. While this list of forbidden URLs is supposed to contain addresses of only

known child pornography sites, the content of the list is secret. Many countries, including the

United States, have enacted laws against the possession or distribution of certain material, such

as child pornography, via the Internet, but do not mandate filtering software. There are many

free and commercially available software programs, called content-control software, with

which a user can choose to block offensive websites on individual computers or networks, in

order to limit a child's access to pornographic materials or depiction of violence.

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The Internet has been a major outlet for leisure activity since its inception, with entertaining

social experiments such as MUDs and MOOs being conducted on university servers, and

humor-related Usenet groups receiving much traffic. Today, many Internet forums have

sections devoted to games and funny videos; short cartoons in the form of Flash movies are

also popular. Over 6 million people use blogs or message boards as a means of communication

and for the sharing of ideas. The pornography and gambling industries have taken advantage of

the World Wide Web, and often provide a significant source of advertising revenue for other

websites. Although many governments have attempted to restrict both industries' use of the

Internet, in general this has failed to stop their widespread popularity.

One main area of leisure activity on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of recreation

creates communities, where people of all ages and origins enjoy the fast-paced world of

multiplayer games. These range from MMORPG to first-person shooters, from role-playing

video games to online gambling. While online gaming has been around since the 1970s,

modern modes of online gaming began with subscription services such as GameSpy and

MPlayer. Non-subscribers were limited to certain types of game play or certain games. Many

people use the Internet to access and download music, movies and other works for their

enjoyment and relaxation. Free and fee-based services exist for all of these activities, using

centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies. Some of these sources exercise

more care with respect to the original artists' copyrights than others.

Many people use the World Wide Web to access news, weather and sports reports, to plan and

book vacations and to find out more about their interests. People use chat, messaging and email

to make and stay in touch with friends worldwide, sometimes in the same way as some

previously had pen pals. The Internet has seen a growing number of Web desktops, where users

can access their files and settings via the Internet.



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Cyberslacking can become a drain on corporate resources; the average UK employee spent 57

minutes a day surfing the Web while at work, according to a 2003 study by Peninsula Business

Services. Internet addiction disorder is excessive computer use that interferes with daily life.

Some psychologists believe that Internet use has other effects on individuals for instance

interfering with the deep thinking that leads to true creativity.

Internet usage has been correlated to users' loneliness. Lonely people tend to use the Internet as

an outlet for their feelings and to share their stories with others, such as in the "I am lonely will

anyone speak to me" thread.

Cybersectarianism is a new organizational form which involves: "highly dispersed small groups

of practitioners that may remain largely anonymous within the larger social context and operate

in relative secrecy, while still linked remotely to a larger network of believers who share a set

of practices and texts, and often a common devotion to a particular leader. Overseas supporters

provide funding and support; domestic practitioners distribute tracts, participate in acts of

resistance, and share information on the internal situation with outsiders. Collectively,

members and practitioners of such sects construct viable virtual communities of faith,

exchanging personal testimonies and engaging in collective study via email, on-line chat rooms

and web-based message boards."

1.6.1 Internet and philanthropy

The spread of low-cost internet access in developing countries has opened up new possibilities

for peer-to-peer charities, which allow individuals to contribute small amounts to charitable

projects for other individuals. Websites such as Donors Choose and Global Giving now allow

small-scale donors to direct funds to individual projects of their choice.



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A popular twist on internet-based philanthropy is the use of peer-to-peer lending for charitable

purposes. Kiva pioneered this concept in 2005, offering the first web-based service to publish

individual loan profiles for funding. Kiva raises funds for local intermediary microfinance

organizations which post stories and updates on behalf of the borrowers. Lenders can

contribute as little as $25 to loans of their choice, and receive their money back as borrowers

repay. Kiva falls short of being a pure peer-to-peer charity, in that loans are disbursed before

being funded by lenders and borrowers do not communicate with lenders themselves. However,

the recent spread of cheap internet access in developing countries has made genuine peer-to-

peer connections increasingly feasible. In 2009 the US-based nonprofit Zidisha tapped into this

trend to offer the first peer-to-peer microlending platform to link lenders and borrowers across

international borders without local intermediaries. Inspired by interactive websites such as

Facebook and eBay, Zidisha's microlending platform facilitates direct dialogue between lenders

and borrowers and a performance rating system for borrowers. Web users worldwide can fund

loans for as little as a dollar.

Chapter 2 Internet Industry in India

After the dotcom defunct in 2000, Internet Industry in India has steadily emerged as a powerful

sector and is generating considerable worth for several shareholders. Over a decade, the sector

has witnesses the materialization of forceful, protractible business models and international

brands such as eBay, Google, Amazon and Yahoo. The international search engine, Google, is

unquestionably the major achievement story of the India internet industry.

For a firm that has been in continuation in the Indian internet market for 8 years has an

existing evaluation of around $120 billion, and is leading the market, followed by Time



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Warner, making it the most expensive global media firm. Among the Indian dot-coms, Shaadi,

Naukri, Rediff, Indiatimes, Yahoo India and Bharat matrimony are making considerable

amount of revenues.

In addition, as per a research carried out by Nokia, the communications sector is estimated to

surface as the biggest driving component in India's GDP with a contribution of about 15.4% by

the FY2014.

The internet industry in India has taken more than 15 years to cross the 100-million user mark.

Now, it's at the cusp of a giant leap. A rash of reports - from industry associations like Internet

& Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) to global consultancies like Boston Consulting Group

(BCG) - is heralding the dawn of the internet economy and a user base of 300 million in the

next three years. Consider this: In 2011 alone, investors poured $350 million into 57 internet

startups - that's more than the collective dotcom investment of the past four years, according to

VCCEdge, an Indian online deal platform. Some $3 billion worth of e-commerce was

transacted in 2011, says IAMAI.

2.1 Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Association of India

The Internet Service Providers Association of India (ISPAI) was set up in 1998 with a mission

to 'Promote Internet for the benefit of all'. ISPAI is the collective voice of the ISP fraternity and

by extension the entire Internet community. Over the years ISPAI has helped influence, shape

and mould the telecom policies, so that ISPs and entrepreneurs in the business of Internet can

setup and grow their services in an environment that is supportive and enabling.

In the last 10 years of its existence, it has been party to breaking down monopolistic structures

in telecom, bringing down barriers to entry for ISPs. It helped shape India from being a



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bandwidth hungry to a bandwidth surplus country. It was the competitive spirit of the ISP

members of ISPAI that, Internet access became so widely and cost effectively available to our

countrymen. These very ISPs helped connect India to the rest of the world so effectively that

today BPO and Call Centers cannot but make their global presence felt based on IP

connectivity. India is today is arguably amongst the top 10 countries of the world in terms of

the number of Internet users.

Today ISPAI is the recognised apex body of Indian ISPs worldwide. ISPAI has access to and

interacts frequently with international bodies and platforms and is frequently consulted by them

on measures for future trends and growth of Internet. It works closely with the Government, the

Regulator as well as the major Industry Chambers. It supports exchange of delegations,

business visitors from across the globe which provides ISP members a chance to network

widely and seek opportunities elsewhere too. It's a platform for the Solution Provider's

community to gain easy access to their ISP clients, promote their products and services through

personal meetings and through events supported or sponsored by ISPAI.

2.2 Internet penetration in India

With increasing affordability of PCs, laptops, notebooks and internet penetration, India is all

set to have 121 million internet users by December 2011, a study by internet and Mobile

Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB has said.

According to the annual I-Cube Report jointly published by IAMAI and IMRB, India's internet

population is expected to grow to 121 million users by December 2011 from 100 million in

September this year. Out of 121 million, 97 million are expected to be active Internet users,

who access Internet at least once in a month.



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"A 100 million internet users is considered a critical landmark for the country. With this

internet use in India is expected to enter a critical period of growth with the possibility of

becoming the largest internet using country in the world in this decade," the study said.

The internet growth in India has moved in the fast lane, especially due to the onslaught of low-

cost smartphone devices and the resultant mobile internet boom. Moreover, the internet boom

is likely to continue its good run as the high-speed 3G services penetrate further into rural

areas. In fact, India has plans to embark on advanced 4G mobile services by 2013.

Apart from smartphone devices, the evolution of the budget tablets is yet another source of

accessing internet while on the move, that will have a positive impact on the growth of internet

in India, which is all set to be the third largest internet market in the world after China and the

United States.

The Internet, as no other communication medium, has given an International or, if one prefer, a

"Globalized"dimension to the world. Internet has become the Universal source of information

for millions of people, at home, at school, and at work.

According to Internet in India (I-Cube) 2011 report, the number of claimed internet users in

India has crossed the landmark 100 million mark in September, at 112 million users (88

million urban + 24 million rural villages) who have used the internet at any point in time in the

past.



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Fig 2.1 - Internet users in urban areas

Fig 2.2 Internet users in rural areas

Of 112 million claimed internet population, 90 million users have been active internet

users who have accessed internet at least once a month.

Further the IAMAI report indicates that the positive internet momentum is likely to continue

into December 2011 to notch a higher 121 million claimed internet users mark, largely driven

by youngsters in India including school going kids.

While urban metro areas are at forefront in terms of internet growth points, the smaller towns

and non-metros have shown a considerable grouped dominance over the top 8 metro cities.



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In fact, towns with less than 2 lakh population contribute highest in terms of internet users from

rest of the India.

Claimed Internet Users Active Internet Users

Fig 2.3 Internet users among top metro cities

Amongst top metro cities, Mumbais claimed internet users stood at 8.1 million, followed by

6.2 million users in Delhi and NCR and 3 million internet users in Kolkata.

Going by the age segment, the Generation Y dominates the scene in terms of internet usage

pattern, with more than three-quarters of internet population driven by young men (27%),

school (21%) and college (27%) going kids.

The rising segment of school kids is mainly driven by new generation e-learning services and

educational information available on the Web.



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Fig2.4 Internet usage pattern by age segment

Urban Users Rural Users



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Fig 2.5 - Various purposes of using accessing internet in urban and rural areas

While a majority 89% of the surveyed urban city population use internet to access emails, 71%

use it for networking with friends and families. Interestingly, 55% of population use internet

for chatting purposes even today. On the other hand, the rural internet users have preferred to

download or listen to music and videos to the extent of 46%.



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2.3 Growth of Internet industry in India

The Internet started when Netscape IPO launched Web 1.0 in the year 1995, generating billion-

dollar initiations in the Western economy. The wave reached India in 1999, with a bunch of

entrepreneurs making a foray into this money-spinning business.

The internet industry soon witnessed the creating of million dollar firms like Yahoo!, eBay,

Amazon and Google, with combined market share of USD 350billion. The listing of Google in

the year 2004, revealed the speed at which one of the most expensive media firm can be

formulated. This gave rise to Web 2.0 which is steadily emerging in India.

The growth of Internet users in India from the year 2001 - 2010 has been illustrated in the table

below:

Financial Year Internet Users Populace Ratio in %

2001 1,400,000 1,094,870,677 0.1

2002 2,800,000 1,094,870,700 0.3

2003 5,500,000 1,094,870,800 0.5

2004 7,000,000 1,094,870,900 0.7

2005 16,500,000 1,094,870,950 0.6

2006 22,500,000 1,094,870,975 2.1

2007 39,200,000 1,094,870,980 3.6

2008 50,600,000 1,112,225,812 4.5

2009 40,000,000 1,112,225,900 3.6

2010 42,000,000 1,129,667,528 3.7

Table 2.1 Growth of internet users in India for the decade 2001-2010



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2.4 Government Initiatives for Internet Industry in India

The New Telecom Policy, 1999, launched by Indian government, specifies objectives in

contexts of initiating Telecom Network with an aim to attain telecom compactness of 15% by

end of financial year 2010. It also establishes goals for offering Net Access to all the provincial

main offices which it attained in the year 2002. In addition, the administration has started

several upbeat implementations in the propagation of the Internet facilities in India. Some of

such measures are mentioned as under:

In the year 2003, the government levied authorization charges on the ISPs which are the

most moderate permit, till 31st October 2003. Subsequently, only a coupon

authorization charge of ` 1 every year is forfeitable.

There are no limitations on the amount of Service Providers in A, B and C categories.

ISPs have been allowed to establish Global Gateways by executing commercial set-ups

with international Satellites Providers and associates.

ISPs have been allowed to offer preceding mile accessibility for utilizing Radio and

Fiber Optics.

ISPs have been allowed to offer ISP facilities via Cable Television Operators.

Internet Telephony Services was launched for ISPs on April 1, 2002.

The central administration has launched a thriving strategy to extend National Internet

Backbone (NIB) in India.



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The government has approved the law acknowledging electronic deals named

Information Technology Act, that assist in offering lawful structure for e-commerce in

the country.

2.5 Challenges faced by Internet industry in India

One of the biggest challenges faced by Indian Internet industry was the lack of vernacular

content that saturated the user access to only English speaking Indians. For the industry to add

another 50 million users, turning vernacular was the best alternative. At present matrimonial

dotcoms like Jeevansaathi, popular search engine like Google and Yahoo!, etc. have launched a

vernacular version of the websites.

After bravely emerging from the language hindrance, internet is yet to witness its

transformation from knowledge seeking trade to an out and out commercial business. At

present internet mainly provides product services. So downloading ringtones or videos from a

website generally differs in quality and not in price, hence, making Internet synonymous with

low-priced information. To overcome this issue, users themselves have to take the initiative of

accessing the internet for the finest content and willingly pay for it.

Indian internet business has merged competently with the conventional financial system and

has become a part of our everyday life. The internet industry is bound to change our lives in the

coming years the way Industrial Revolution did.



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Chapter 3 Types of Internet connection

As technology grows, so does our need for things to go faster. Ten years ago, websites just

included images, coloured text and some repetitive melodies. Now flash websites, animations,

high resolution photos, online gaming, videos or streaming (radio on the internet), are getting

more popular for people who demand faster and faster internet connections.

Fig 3.1 PCI Modem

3.1 PCI Modem(see fig 3.1).

Analogue up to 56000 bits per second, it means that in a second, 56000 bits (0 or 1) travel

through the copper wire. It is both economical and slow and it is also called dial-up access. If

you connect the modem, you get internet but as it uses the analogue telephone line, if you surf

on the internet, nobody can call you because the line is busy.



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Using a modem connected to your PC which is very cheap ( about 10 ) , users connect to the

Internet only if you click on the telephone Access Icon and the computer dials the phone

number provided by your ISP ( Internet Service Provider ) and connects to the network. The

signal is analogue because data is sent over an analogue telephone network. This modem

converts received analogue data to digital (always analogue on the telephone site and digital on

the computer side).

As dial-up access uses ordinary telephone lines the data rates are limited and the quality of the

connection is not always good. Nowadays very few people use this type of connection.

3.2 DSL

DSL or - an 'always on' connection- uses the existing 2-wire copper telephone line connected to

the internet and won't tie up your phone like the old modem does. There is no need to dial-in to

your ISP as DSL is always on. DSL is called ADSL (Short for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber

Line) for home subscribers.

As it is mentioned before ADSL is short for Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line and supports

data rates up to 10Mbits when receiving data (download) and from 16 to 640 Kbps when

sending data (upload). ADSL is called asymmetric because it supports different data rates for

upload than for download traffic.

Fig 3.1 DSL



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3.3 Cable

There are two type of cable; Coaxial and optic fibre.

3.3.1 Coaxial

The first one is used by cable TV and that is common for data communications (see Fig). The

cross-section of the cable shows a single centre solid wire made of copper surrounded by a

copper mesh conductor. Between the main wire (in the centre) and the mesh conductor is an

insulating dialectric. This dialectric (blue part in the image) has a large effect on the essential

features of the cable. Depending on the material that isolator is made of, the cable has different

inductance and capacitance values and these values affect how quickly data travels through the

wire. The last layer is an outside insulator to protect the whole wire. Data is transmitted

through the rigid wire, while the outer copper mesh layer serves as a line to ground.

Fig 3.3 Coaxial cable



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3.3.2 Optic Fibre

Fibre-optic cables are strands of a special optical material as thin as a human hair that carries

data (files, videos ...) over long distances. Now, there is not electrical signal. In Optical fibres

data are carried as light signals

How Does an Optical Fibre Transmit Light?

Fig 3.4 How does an Optical Fibre transmit light?

What is the secret of optical Fibre? Why doesn't the light ray escape from the strand?

Suppose you want to shine a torch beam down a long, straight corridor. Just point the beam

straight down the corridor. -- Light moves in straight lines so the light will reach to the end of

the corridor.

What if the corridor has a bend in it? Just place a mirror at the bend to reflect the light beam

towards the other side of the corridor.

What if the corridor has multiple bends? You might places as many mirrors as bends so that it

bounces from side-to-side all along the corridor. This is what happens in an optical fibre.



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3.4 Wireless Internet Connections

Wireless broadband (Wireless Internet Connections [WIC]), Instead of using cable networks

for your Internet connection, WIC uses radio frequency .Wireless Internet can be accessed from

anywhere as long as your WIFI adaptor is located within a network coverage area. It also

provides an always-on connection and it is still considered to be relatively new.

3.5 Satellite

Fig 3.5 Satellite

IoS acronym for Internet over Satellite allows a user to access the Internet via a

geostationary satellite that orbits the earth. A geostationary satellite is a type of satellite placed

at a fixed position above the earth's surface. Because of the large distances between home and

satellite, signals must travel from the earth up to the satellite and back again. It causes a slight

delay between the request and the answer.



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Chapter 4 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)

4.1 About BWA

Broadband Wireless Access [BWA] radio network consists of base stations and Customer

Premise Equipment (CPE) radios. The Access Points (AP) are typically mounted on towers or

tall buildings since each customer requires line-of-sight (LOS) back to the base station in order

to receive service. Each Access Point delivers bandwidth to each subscriber unit (up to 2 Mbps)

within its service sector. We have equipment which operates in the license free spectrum (2.4

GHz, 5.3 GHz, and 5.8 GHz) to deliver last mile access. With the right equipment, user can

enjoy quick return on investment while offering their customers dependable, high speed,

always-on, broadband service.

Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) offers effective, economic and secure high-speed wireless

communications solutions to Telecom service providers, Internet services provider,

Governments, Institutes, Healthcare, and Enterprises.

The explosive growth of telecommunications, together with the massive rise in internet usage,

has fuelled the demand for rapid, cost-effective broadband access solution. This demand is not

only from operators rolling our new networks; there is a growing need for more broadband

capacity within mature networks, which cannot easily be met with existing wire-based systems.

Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) offers a leading solution in responding to this demand.

Broadband Wireless Access eliminates the need for costly wireline infrastructure, bringing

voice and high speed data services to every user within the range of base station. The broad-

based acceptance of the Broadband Wireless Access technology is due to huge benefits it offers

in terms of fast, easy and cost effective deployment, unsurpassed flexibility and reduced cost of

ownership. Our Broadband Wireless Access solutions are easily scalable, providing a fast and



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economic solution for new broadband capacity whether in city centre or in remote rural

locations. Thousands of customers can quickly be connected to wireless broadband in a fraction

of the time taken using traditional wireline technologies. Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)

offers effective, economic and secure high-speed wireless communications solutions to

Telecom Service Providers, Internet services provider, overnments, Institutes, Healthcare and

Enterprises.



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4.2 Major Players of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) in India

4.2.1 TATA Photon

Tata Photon Data Card is a removable computer component having small size like pen drive.

Being a wireless device, the tata photon card can be used to access internet even while

roaming. It helps you keep stay in touch with your internet world, wherever you go.

Tata has launched this new Tata Photon Data Card which is a wireless USB based Broadband

Service named as Tata Photon+. Tata Photon+ is having a speed of Up to 3.1 Mbps and we

can access internet from anywhere where there is mobile signal coverage. Downloading speed

depends on the networks and strength of networks.

Fig 4.1 TATA Photon Data Card (BWA)

http://tataindicomphoton.com/http://tataindicomphoton.com/


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Tata Photon+ USB Data Card is a very easy to use plug and play device. Everything is

inbuilt into this small device. No cd or dvd is required. Just plug the data card into USB drive

of your laptop or desktop and start using it. As Tata Photon Data Card comes with Inbuilt

software that executes itself once you plugin to USB drive Installation process is pretty

simple and if you can just click Next then you can install it by yourself. Youll get the user

friendly interface and itll guide you what to do next. Just follow the steps. No additional

software is required. You can use the same Photon+ USB data card in any computer you need.

Look wise, the Tata Photon Data Card is sleek and stylish. It also comes with with MicroSD

card slot so that you can store data in it. It can support Upto 4GB of data storage. So, if you

have this device there is no need to carry extra pen drive to carry personal stuff. You can use

Tata Photon+ USB Data card for that. Speed of this device is excellent. Its 20 times faster than

normal internet connection. The Photon+ provides faster access to e-mail, audio and video

streaming without any break. It supports both laptops and desktop computers. Its compatible

with Windows 2000, XP, Vista, windows7, Mac OS, Linux. It means no need to worry which

operating system you are using.



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4.2.2 MTS Blaze

MTS Broadband provides Hi Speed Wireless Broadband Internet in India. Mblaze is the

wireless Data Card based Broadband Service from world's leading Mobile company

Now MTS Broadband is available in all major cities of India with speed up to 3.1 Mbps. In

other areas you can surf Internet with 1x CDMA technology.

Fig 4.2 MTS Blaze Data Card (BWA)



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4.2.3 Vodafone

The Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick can work from anywhere with real-time access

to information, and no installation hassles.

Consumer just needs to plug it in the laptop and get connected to the Internet and the server.

Thats not all the Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick also gives the cutomers 3G

Broadband speeds while roaming abroad.

Vodafone Mobile Connect 3G USB Stick connects your computer to the internet over the

Vodafone high-speed mobile phone network.

Browse the web

One can now access the web and any other internet service wherever theres a mobile phone

network.

Pick up emails

Keep up to date with your emails, wherever you are. One can also access its personal email

accounts even web-based accounts like Hotmail.

Send and receive SMS text messages*

One can send and receive SMS text messages straight from its computer. Vodafone SMS

provides an easy way to view messages, write new ones, and manage contact details



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Fig 4.3 Vodafone Data Card (BWA)

Salient Features of 3G NetSetter

Gets you high-speed connectivity to the internet through the Vodafone EDGE network.

Is easy to install just plug in and you are ready, no CDs required.

Gives 3G Broadband speeds when you travel abroad.

Works with your preferred VPN software, to give you secure access to your company

server and intranet.

Has many different tariff plans, so the customer can choose the one that meets their

requirements.

Saves you from high internet charges on your hotel bills.

Gets you high-speed connectivity to the internet through the Vodafone EDGE network.

Supports SMS

Supports Micro SD card upto 2 GB.



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4.2.4 Airtel

Airtel Wireless Internet is an easy way to access the internet without the need for a landline. It

allows you to stay in touch whilst being on the move. Just plug your airtel USB Modem into

your computer for an instant Internet connection to take with you on the move. Airtel offers the

range of prepaid and postpaid plans, depending on the usage requirement.

Airtel offers the customers to be the most widespread network in the country. With its superior

Edge network wireless internet will be lot more fun without any movement barriers.

Fig 4.4 Airtel Data Card (BWA)

Advantages of using Airtel Data card

- Most widespread presence

- Easy to setup. Plug & Play

- Dedicated customer support

- Superior internet browsing on Airtel Edge network

- Attractive device prices & tariff plans



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4.2.5 Idea Netsetter

Idea Cellular has launched the new Net Setter EG612 USB Modem (usable with both desktops

& Laptops) with data, & SMS facility. It is a conveniently slim & stylish solution for internet

access on the move. USB modem is a dedicated data access (GPRS) device to be used with

desktops / laptops for wireless internet (GPRS) access. Idea Net Setter is a terminal available

for high-speed wireless network access, with which the users can access the Internet in the

wireless way at home, office, outdoor sites and so on.

Fig 4.5 Idea Netsetter Data Card (BWA)



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Salient Features of 3G NetSetter

Speed - 3G NetSetter support speed of up to 3.6Mbps on HSDPA network and is

backward compatible on our current EDGE/GPRS Network. On the current 2G

environment subscribers will continue to experience EDGE speeds of up to 236.8 Kbps.

SIM Lock - 3G NetSetter is being launched with a unique SIM Lock functionality

wherein the first SIM inserted in the device will be locked with the particular NetSetter

device, this will help us address current issues like subscribers not using bundled SIMs

and using SIM cards with mobile GPRS plan etc.

USSD Support - 3G NetSetter will enable Pre-paid subscribers to check pre-paid

balance though one click USSD option instead of the current SMS mode .

Operating System - 3G NetSetter support all existing and new operating systems like

Windows 7, Mac and Linux (limited versions)

The Idea Net Setter supports the following standards:

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)

The Idea Net Setter supports the following services:

Data service



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Short message service (SMS)

4.2.6 MTNL Broadband

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd (MTNL), the 3G Mobile service provider, has launched

Micromax 3G Data Card with 2GB free. The Micromax MMX300G Plug and Play 3G Data

Card of MTNL will available over the companys HSDPA 3G network .

The MTNL 3G Data Card will enable anytime, anywhere instant High Speed wireless Internet

connectivity up to 3.6 MBPS for laptops and other computing devices, thereby significantly

benefiting business users, roamers and travellers.

Fig 4.6 MTNL Data Card (BWA)



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Chapter 5 Research Methodology

5.1 Need for the study

The 21st century will perhaps be known because of this revolution. The computer and

internet have certainly changed our lives to a great extent. There was a time when people

used to send the mail (postal) to their dearest ones and it used to be the only source of

communication. Then came the telephone and now the internet is changing the method of

communication. Electronic devices, multimedia and computers are things we have to deal

with everyday. Especially the Internet is becoming more and more important for nearly

everybody as it is one of the most forward-looking media and medium of the future.

BWA defined as Broadband Wireless Access to the internet is an access technology based

principally 3G/3G+/4G broadband cellular standards and a family of related WiFi/WiMax

standards. BWA is set to become the growth engine of the broadband industry and the

telecom industry at large. Ten years after the introduction of 3G, followed by the

phenomenal success of iPhone, introduction of Netbooks, and now continuing with

connected devices such as the iPad, BWA has become the fasted adopted technology to

date. Wireless broadband subscribers have been growing at a faster rate than fixed line

internet users.

5.2 Research Objective

To find out the tools through which the internet is being used

To find out the comparison between Fixed Line Internet and BWA

To find out the preference of BWA over Fixed Line Internet

To find the scope of BWA over a period of time



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5.3 Sample Size

In order to get valid interpretation of the data, a sample size of 100 was pre-decided, which

comprised of 60 males and 40 females. The sample was further segregated on age groups of 20

25 years, 26 30 years, 31 35 years, 36 40 years and 41 45 years and monthly

household income groups of Rs. 15,000 and above. The sampling method used was

Convenience Random sampling. Due to some constraints, the survey could only be conducted

in some parts of Mumbai. Thus the study results would only be applicable to the city of

Mumbai and not for the whole country.

5.4 Sampling Procedure

The respondents were requested to fill the questionnaire in an unbiased manner and not leave

any question blank. Any doubts they had were clarified so as to get the right response from

them.

After the data collection process was completed, the data was analyzed using the statistical

software - SPSS v.16. Various statistical tools like Anova were used in order to get important

insights

5.5 Limitations of the Study

Sample: The sample is only from the city of Mumbai. To get a holistic and correct

understanding of the view of the consumers of the country it would be best if data was

collected from respondents all over the country.

Biasness: There was a level of biasness on the respondents part while answering the

questionnaire. People who hated BWA were mostly giving negative answers.

Questionnaire Length: Many respondents mentioned that the questionnaire was very

exhaustive. Due to this, responses to a few questions were given casually.



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Chapter 6 - Data Analysis and Interpretation

6.1 Data Analysis

6.1.1 Section 1

6.1.1.1 Respondent Profile

6.1.1.1.1 Age Group

Fig 6.1 Age group Distribution across the Sample

From the above figure it is clear that majority of the sample is from the younger age group of

20 years 25 years and forms 50% of the sample. Thus the analysis will be more from the

point of view of the younger generation.



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6.1.1.1.2 Gender

Fig 6.2 Gender Distribution across the Sample

From the above figure, it can be observed that the data collected is not of equal number of

males and females. The number of males is more than the number of females i.e. 60% belongs

to male and 40% belongs to female.

6.1.1.1.3 Profession of the respondents



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Fig 6.3 Profession of the respondents

A major chunk i.e. 45% of the respondents is students who are at the verge of completing their

graduation or post graduation studies. They are the ones who consume more internets as

compared to other respondents.

Self-employed and salaried people have consumed the 2nd highest amount of internet i.e. 20%

of the respondents each.



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6.1.1.2 Ownership of internet connection

Fig 6.4 Ownership of internet connection

From the above figure it indicates that 75% out of total 100 respondents owned an internet

connection. This indicates that the internet penetration is quite good.



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6.1.1.3 Frequency of internet usage

Fig 6.5 Frequency of internet usage

A majority of people i.e. 73.33% said that they use internet on daily basis. It means that a good

amount of people uses internet daily and this shows a positive sign to the internet service

providers.



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6.1.1.4 Purpose of using the internet

Fig 6.6 Purpose of using the internet

Majority of them i.e. 53.33% prefer surfing online followed by 33.33% prefer mailing. This

clearly indicates that students in the age group of 20-25 prefer surfing online mostly to gather

information.

Salaried and Self-employed being 2nd highest in internet consumption prefers mailing for

official purpose.



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6.1.1.5 Importance of internet usage

6.1.1.5.1 with respect to home

Fig 6.7 Importance of internet usage with respect to home

From the above figure, majority of the respondents i.e. out of 75 respondents 53.33% of the

respondents uses internet quite frequently at home.



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6.1.1.5.3 with respect to Travelling

Fig 6.9 Importance of internet usage with respect to Travelling

Out of 75 respondents, 40% of them have medium usage of internet while travelling followed

by 33.33% has high usage of internet while travelling. This clearly indicates that while

travelling people prefer using internet on laptop and there is good potential for internet service

provider especially BWA service providers to improve their efficiency of service in terms of

connectivity, speed,etc.



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6.1.1.5.4 with respect to Cyber Cafe

Fig 6.10 Importance of internet usage with respect to Cyber Cafe

60% including Low usage and medium usage of internet indicates that people prefer having

their own internet connection either at home or at office.

6.1.1.6 Device through which internet is being used



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Fig 6.11 Device through which internet is being used

Majority of the respondents i.e. 66.67% uses internet on computer. However, due to greater

accessibility of laptop available at affordable prices there is a potential for consumers who

would prefer migrating from computer to laptops in near future.

6.1.1.7 Type of internet connection owned



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Fig 6.12 Type of internet connection owned

As there are majority of the respondents who uses computer, so apparently they owned Fixed

Line Internet, however, those who use Laptop prefer using BWA as their internet connection

So, now the trend is that people prefer migrating from Computer to either laptop or Notebook

or Net book or Tablet which seems that BWA has a bright future ahead.



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6.1.1.8 Brand used

6.1.1.8.1 by Fixed Line Internet owners

Fig 6.13 Brand being used by Fixed Line Internet owners

A major chunk of respondents i.e. 30% uses MTNL as their Fixed Line Internet followed by

20% and 18% uses TATA and Hathway respectively. As MTNL being a government

organisation has some kind of trust attached to it due to which consumers prefer using MTNL

as their Fixed Internet connection. Considering Private organisation same goes with TATA i.e.

20% prefer TATA as their Fixed Line Internet connection.



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6.1.1.8.2 by BWA owners

Fig 6.14 Brand being used by Fixed Line Internet owners

Out of the total 25 respondents, 60% of them prefer TATA Photon as their BWA connection

this could be because of the first mover advantage taken TATA Photon to capture the Indian

Market.



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6.1.1.9 Factors that would considered to buy internet connection

Ho: There are no significant differences in factors that would make a respondent buy an

internet connection

Ha: There are significant differences in factors that would make a respondent buy an internet

connection



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ANOVA

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 11.878 5 2.376 1.610 .156

Within Groups 655.280 444 1.476

Total 667.158 449

Table 6.1 Anova analysis on buying an internet connection

Homogeneous Subsets

This represents the buying of

internet connection with

respect to certain

parameters N

Subset for alpha = 0.05

1

Better Subscription plan 75 3.60

Convenience 75 3.69

Peer or Family influence 75 3.80

Service 75 3.87



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ANOVA


Between Groups 11.878 5 2.376 1.610 .156

Within Groups 655.280 444 1.476

Total 667.158 449

Table 6.1 Anova analysis on buying an internet connection

Homogeneous Subsets

This represents the buying of

internet connection with

respect to certainN


1

Better Subscription plan 75 3.60

Convenience 75 3.69

Peer or Family influence 75 3.80

Service 75 3.87

Economic 75 4.00



63/90


6.1.1.10 Ratings to compare Fixed Line internet vis-a-vis BWA

Ho: There are no significant differences in factors to compare Fixed line internet

Ha: There are significant differences in factors to compare Fixed line internet

ANOVA


Between Groups 90.677 4 22.669 16.919 .000

Within Groups 495.760 370 1.340

Total 586.437 374

Table 6.3 Anova analysis on factors to compare Fixed Line Internet



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Homogeneous SubsetsThis represents the

parameters on which

rating is given N


1 2 3

Convenience 75 2.87

Service 75 3.67

Better Monthly Plans 75 3.80 3.80

Economic 75 4.17 4.17

Speed 75 4.24

Sig. 1.000 .059 .138

Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed.

a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 75.

Table 6.4 - Tukey test on factors to compare Fixed Line Internet

Reject Ho, i.e. there are significant differences in parameters that can be compared Fixed Line

internet with BWA since the degree of significance is 0.000 which is lesser than 0.05. Also, it

is observed that the Speed is the most liked factor in Fixed Line Internet. The least liked factor

is the Convenience.



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66/90


Homogeneous Subsets

This represents the

Parameters on which

rating is given N


1 2 3

Economic 75 2.60

Service 75 2.

(P3) Final Project

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