Research partnership on climate change mitigation through REDD+ and the interactions

with agriculture

Almeida Sitoe Department of Forestry, Eduardo Mondlane University,

Maputo, Mozambique

Second Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD2) Punta del Este, Uruguay, 29 October – 1 November 2012

Objective of the presentation

• Present joint work with CIFOR which was initiated through national level stakeholder processes in Mozambique

• Present the interface involving a CGIAR Center, national institutions, academia and civil society

• Present the role of actors at all levels in relation to emerging policy options, particularly REDD+

• Present early results and how these are influencing policy development in Mozambique

Introduction

• Mozambique is one of the countries in Southern Africa with high forest cover

• Deforestation is high (0.58% per year and increasing)

• About 80% of the GHG emissions are from agriculture land forest mand use

• Therefore engaged on REDD+ as an opportunity to reduce emissions while improving SFM

The REDD+ Process in Mozambique

• Coordination by the Ministry of Environment (MICOA) and the Ministry of Agriculture (MINAG)

• Funding provided by the Norwegian Government• South-South Collaboration: to develop the initial ideas of

REDD+ at national level (since 2009)– A group of Mozambican Institutions

• Eduardo Mondlane University (UEM)• Centro Terra Viva (CTV)

– Amazonia Sustainable Foundation (FAF) - Brazil– International Institute fo Environment and Development (IIED) -

UK– Indufor - Finland

Global Comparative studies on REDD+• 12 countries: Brazil, Bolivia, Cameroon, Democratic Republic

of Congo (DRC), Indonesia, Nepal, Peru, Tanzania, Vietnam, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Mozambique, and Burkina Faso

• The goal of the study is to influence REDD+ design and implementation at three scales:– Local: Site and landscape project activities, including methods for

community-based monitoring – National: Development of strategies and policies, including

scenarios for national reference levels– Global: REDD architecture in the global post-2012 climate-

protection agreement

Source of Funds

Early results for Mozambique

• Drivers of deforestation and forest degradation–Wood energy–Agriculture–Unsustainable logging–Mining

Underlying causes of Agriculture-related deforestation

• Subsistence agriculture (food production)• Limited access to technologies• Slash-and-burn agriculture• Of the 800,000 cash crop growers, 99%

are smallholders covering >243.000 ha (76% of the cash crop area) (2009-2010)

Underlying factors for deforestation and forest degradation

• Demographic factors - population growth, density, and urbanization

• Technological factors – low productivity agriculture

• Economic factors – export commodities (sesame, tobacco, cotton, timber)

• Institutional factors – weak institutional capacity

Implications for REDD+

• Land ownership insecurity may promote further deforestation

• Most vulnerable people may be negatively affected

• Need to define Forest and Carbon rights

Comparative results:REDD+ process ownership

• REDD+ process is driven by domestic actors, high national ownership over their REDD+ process, there is strong coalition building among state and non-state actors in support of REDD+–Mozambique, Brazil, Indonesia Peru,

Vietnam

Comparative studies:Governance and institutional setup

• Weak governance and institutional set-ups such as functioning multi-level governance system and effectiveness of forest legislation, policy and governance–Mozambique, PNG, Nepal, Indonesia,

Burkina Faso, DRC

How are the results influencing processes at national level

• Climate Change Policies

• Cross-sector coordination

• Agriculture• Forestry• Land issues

• Training and Capacity Building

• Research

• Public Consultation• Civil Society

engagement• Private sector

participation CTV(+ IIED,

FAS)UEM

MICOAMINAG

REDD+ Policies

REDD+ PilotingNational REDD+ Reference Level

National REDD+ Strategy

CIFOR

Thank you!