P2 Card #1/28 Science Revision Card #2/28 · Science Revision— P2 Topic: Atomic Structure Science...

Science Revision—P2

Topic: Resultant Forces


Science Revision—P2 Science Revision—P2

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Topic: F = ma

Topic: Distance-TIme Graphs Topic: Velocity-Time Graphs

Science Revision—P2 Card #2/28 Science Revision—P2 Card #1/28


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Topic: Forces and Braking



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Topic: Forces and Terminal Velocity

Topic: Hookes Law Topic: Forces and Energy



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Topic: Momentum—Collisions



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Topic: Momentum—Explosions

Topic: Static Electricity Topic: Circuit Symbols



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Topic: Ohm’s Law



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Topic: V vs I graphs for Components

Topic: Series Circuits Topic: Parallel Circuits



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Topic: The three-pin plug and Electrical Cables



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Topic: Alternating Current

Topic: Electrical Power Topic: E = V xQ



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Topic: Atomic Structure



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Topic: Types of Radiation

Topic: Properties of Radiation Topic: Nuclear Equations for Decay—HT only

Draw and label the structure of an atom.

Use this to explain what an element is.

Draw a table to show the mass and charge of the particles that make up an

atom.

Use this to explain why atoms have no overall charge.

Explain the meaning of the words “isotope”, “ion”, “mass number” and

“atomic number”.

What are the 3 main types of radiation?

What are they made of?

What are the ways we use these type of radiation for good?

What are the dangers associated with each?

Describe the following properties of the 3 types of radiation:

Range (how far it can go)

Penetrating Power (what it can get through)

Ionising Power (how well it ionises things)

Deflection in magnetic and electric fields

Alpha Decay Beta Decay

When the nucleus decays, either an alpha or beta particle is emitted from the nucleus. This

means the new nucleus will have a different atomic and mass number.

Two protons and two neutrons are lost.

Subtract 2 from the atomic number.

Subtract 4 from the mass number.

One electron is lost.

Add 1 to the atomic number.

(as if a neutron has turned into a proton)

The mass number stays the same.

Try these:

Try these:



Element is a substance containing only one type of atom.

Isotopes means two atoms of same element with same number of protons but different number of neutrons.

Particle Charge Mass

Proton +1 1

Neutron 0 1

Electron -1 0

The number of protons and

electrons must be equal so

the atom is neutral. If elec-

trons are lost, ions are

formed.

Number of Protons = Number of Electrons = Atomic Number

Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons = Mass Number

Range in Air, Structure and Ionising Power

Radiation Type Ionising Power Range Stopped by..

Alpha (α) High cm Paper

Beta (β) Medium

(-1 charge no mass) m Aluminium

Gamma (γ) Low (no charge; no mass) longer Lead

Structure Radiation Type Uses Dangers

Helium nucleus (2

protons; 2 electrons) Alpha (α) Smoke Detectors

Very dangerous

inside body (can’t

get out)

Electron from Nucle-

us Beta (β)

Monitoring thick-

ness of materials

Very dangerous

outside body as

can pass through

skin.

EM radiation Gamma (γ) Radiotherapy;

Sterilizing Medical

Equipment

Very dangerous

outside body as

can pass through

skin.

Properties in electric and magnetic fields Alpha deflected a little (charged but high mass); Beta deflected a lot (charged and low mass); Gamma not deflected (no charge)


Topic: Half Life



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Topic: Nuclear Fission

Topic: Nuclear Fusion Topic: Life Cycle of A Star

How are stars formed?

What is the “main sequence” period of a star?

List the different stages of the life cycle of a:

small star

large star

Why are supernova significant?

What is nuclear fusion?

Where does nuclear fusion take place naturally?

Which two nuclei can undergo nuclear fission?

What is nuclear fission?

Explain the process.

Why is nuclear fission sometimes called a chain reaction?

What is half life?

How can you calculate half life?



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Stars formed when lots of dust

and gas in space pulled to-

gether by gravity

This is when star is stable be-

cause forces within it (gravity,

heat energy, etc) are stable.

Elements

above Fe in

Periodic Table

can only be

formed in Su-

pernovae

(explosion),

which spreads

them around

universe.

Hydrogen Isotopes collide and fuse together.

A larger atom is pro-

duced and a lot of energy

is released.

This is the process that

happens in stars.

The target nucleus is made from 235-uranium or 239-plutionium.

The nucleus is bombarded with neutrons, one is absorbed and it splits.

Each time a nucleus

splits, 2 or 3 neutrons

are released that could

hit another nucleus.

This is a chain reaction.

Radioactive substances have a half life; “the average time it takes for the number of nu-

clei of an isotope in a sample to half”. In other words the time it takes for the count rate

to get to half its level.

P2 Card #1/28 Science Revision Card #2/28 · Science Revision— P2 Topic: Atomic Structure Science...

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