PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERSBY: ALAA MAKKAWI

WHAT IS BIPOLAR DISORDER?

obipolar disorder also is known as manic- depressive disease and is used to describe a person with at least 2 years cycling mood characterized by numerous periods of manic symptoms and separate periods with depressive symptoms

oPathology: Research is now showing that this disorder is associated with abnormal brain levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine .

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HOW IS BIPOLAR DISORDER TREATED?

A-Mood stabilizing medications

1-Lithium (sometimes known as Eskalith or Lithobid

Used in prophylactics for bipolar disorder

Mode of action :

Believed to attenuate signaling via receptor coupled to PIP2 ( second messenger system ) SO, lithium interferes with the resynthesis of

PIP2 leading to depletion in neural mambrane of CNS

Side effect :

Headache , polyuria , polydipsia , Dry mouth

GIT disturbance 3

A-MOOD STABILIZING MEDICATIONS

2-VALPROIC acid or divalproex sodium (depakote)

preferred initial therapy for rapid cycling

zyrexa) 3-OLANZOPINE(b-psychotherapy

c-psycho education

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SCHIZOPHRENIA

A disease of the brain is considered to be the most severe expression of psychopathology encompassing significant disruptions of thinking , perception ,emotion ,and behavior

pathology ????????????????..........…

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CHARACTERISTIC SYMPTOMS:

1 -delusions

2-hallucination

3-unusual behavior

4 -disorganized speech

5 -negative symptoms

)psychomotor retardation ,

alogia , avolition(

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TTT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA ACCORDING TO MECHANISM OF ACTION

1 -dopamine receptor blocking activity:

Typical antipsychotic drug

high potency antisychotic fluphenazine haloperidol ,

Chlorpromazine Low potency antisychotic

thioridazine

2 -serotonin receptor blocking activity :

Atypical antipsychotic drug (clozapine,risperidone,aripiprazole) 7

SIDE EFFECT:

Postural hypotension Confusion Sexual dysfunction Constipation Parkinsonia effects typical neuroleptic Weight gain atypical neuroleptic

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