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Ch. 13: Manifest Destiny (1818-1853)

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Lesson 1: The Oregon Country

Rivalry in the NorthwestOregon Country: claimed by 4

countriesUnited StatesGreat BritainSpainRussia

Adams-Onis Treaty1819: Spain gives up FL, claims to

Oregon1824: Russia gives up its claim to land

south of AlaskaBritain & U.S.: joint occupation of

Oregon

Mountain Men in OregonAmerican Fur Company:

Oregon Country’s leading fur company (beaver pelts)

Over time, some mountain men moved to Oregon & settled on farms

Others carve out passages, guide settlers westOregon Trail, California Trail, Santa Fe Trail, etc.

Oregon and Manifest DestinyMarcus & Narcissa: missionaries, built a

mission among the Cayuse people in present-day Washington

Measles epidemic kills many Cayuse childrenCayuse blame the Whitmans1847: Cayuse kill the Whitmans & 11 others

Massacre does not scare away other emigrants in their prairie schooners

Oregon and Manifest Destiny (cont.)It is America’s “Manifest Destiny to

overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us.”

1844 presidential electionJames Polk (Democrat): “Fifty-Four Forty or

Fight”Polk wins, becomes 11th president (1845-

1849)1846: U.S. and Britain compromise

Oregon’s northern border set at 49˚ N latitude

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Lesson 2: Statehood for Florida and Texas

FloridaFloridians vote to seek statehood1839: FL constitution sent to U.S.

Congress for approvalAllowed slavery (problem)Called for a system of public schools

1845: FL becomes slave state (27th state); Iowa becomes free state

Texas1821: Mexico wins independence from Spain,

includes TexasTexas: small population (mainly Native Americans &

Tejanos)Mexicans offer land to people who would bring

families to settle thereAmericans go, supposed to become Mexican

citizensOutnumber Mexicans

Tejanos break Mexicans’ rulesDon’t learn SpanishDon’t become CatholicUse slaves

Texas (cont.)1830: Mexico issues decree

Closes borders to further immigration

Texans: break away from Mexico?

1835: Mexican General Santa Anna leads army into Texas

The AlamoFeb 1836: ~180 Texans barricade

themselves inside the AlamoLeaders: Davy Crockett, William B. Travis,

Jim BowieHold off Mexicans for 13 days

March 6: Mexicans enter Alamo, kill all rebels (exc. a few women, children & servants)

“Remember the Alamo!”

Texas Declares its Independence

March 2, 1836: Republic of Texas establishedApril 21, 1836: Sam Houston surprises

Mexicans at Battle of San Jacinto, killing or capturing almost everyone

May 14, 1836: Santa Anna signs treaty recognizing Texan independence

September 1836: Sam Houston elected as president of TexasWants U.S. to annex Texas

Jackson refuses (not another slave state)1845: Polk annexes Texas

Quiz TopicsCountries that claimed Oregon CountryAdams-Onis TreatyJoint occupationMarcus & Narcissa WhitmanMountain menWhy Florida was allowed to become a stateWhy Americans moved to TexasThe AlamoBattle of San JacintoWhy some people did not want Florida or Texas to

become states