Ozone A PLANETARY CONTEXT Presented by Stephen Schneider Deborah Carlisle.
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Transcript of Ozone A PLANETARY CONTEXT Presented by Stephen Schneider Deborah Carlisle.
![Page 1: Ozone A PLANETARY CONTEXT Presented by Stephen Schneider Deborah Carlisle.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062314/56649e295503460f94b1725c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OzoneOzoneA PLANETARY CONTEXTA PLANETARY CONTEXT
Presented by Presented by
Stephen Stephen SchneiderSchneider
Deborah CarlisleDeborah Carlisle
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Interpolating Color Data
User Comments Average Red
Average Green
Average Blue
exercising 70.3 65.1 5.1resting 47.2 58.1 15.80% CO2 22.5 47.9 39.81% CO2 35.6 55.2 23.410% CO2 74.7 62.9 0.850% CO2 81.7 68.1 0.8
0% 1% 10% 50%
You can interpolate graphically ormathematically. Having calibrated samples close to the right color willimprove your accuracy.
0% CO2 resting exercising
1% CO2 10% CO2 50% CO2
Rest % = 1% + × (10% – 1%) = 1% + 0.299 × 9% = 3.7% 47.2 – 35.674.7 – 35.6
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Atmospheric Absorption
• The Earth’s atmosphere absorbs most wavelengths of the radiation incident on it from space
• This is a good thing for life – high energy photons would sterilize the planet!
• It’s an intriguing coincidence(?) that our eyes work at wavelengths where the atmosphere is transparent.
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Why Space-based Observatories?
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Atmospheric HeatingStratosphere• Oxygen (O2) is split apart
by solar ultraviolet light, and O atoms recombine to make ozone (O3).
• O2 and O3 both absorb ultraviolet light, heating this layer.
Troposphere• Sunlight heats surface.• Atmosphere absorbs heat
from surface.
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6Ozone (parts per million)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Alt
itud
e (k
m)
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Ozone In the AtmosphereA
ltitude (miles)
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
90% of ozone is in the stratosphere
0 2 4 6 8
10% of ozone is in the troposphere
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7
UVc - 100% AbsorptionUVb - 90% Absorption
UVa - 50% Absorption & Scattering
Ozone is the Earth’s natural sunscreen
Ozone (parts per million)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Alt
itud
e (k
m)
Troposphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Altitude (m
iles)
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
0 2 4 6 8
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Earth’s Energy Budget
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October Average Ozone HoleOctober Average Ozone Hole
LowOzone
HighOzone
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10
16%
32%
23%
12%
7%5%
1%4%
0
3400
3000
2000
1000
(CH3CCl3)
(e.g., HCFC-22 = CHClF2)
(CCl2FCClF2)
Naturalsources
Other gasesMethyl chloroform
HCFCs
CFC-113
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)
CFC-11 (CCl3F)
CFC-12 (CCl2F2)
Methyl chloride (CH3Cl)
0
20
15
10
5
15%
27-42%
5-20%20%
14%
4%
Methyl bromide (CH3Br)
Halon-1211 (CBrCIF 2)
Halon-1301 (CBrF3)
Other halons
Very-short lived gases (e.g., bromoform = CHBr3)
Chemicals that Destroy Stratospheric Ozone
• Cl is much more abundant than Br• Br is about 50 times more effective at O3 destruction
From Ozone FAQ - see http://www.unep.org/ozone/faq.shtml
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Ground-level Ozone• Ozone problems are
caused by pollutants, not greenhouse gases.
• At ground level, the presence of NOx and volatile organics stimulates production of this caustic chemical.
• Ozone can cause lung damage and exacerbate breathing problems.