Oxy-Fuel Combustion: A ‘Made in Alberta’ Solution · supply of oxygen via electrolysis. Alberta...
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Oxy-Fuel Combustion: A ‘Made in Alberta’ Solution METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Fig. 1. Diagram of CCS operations [2] Dr. Straatman’s projection data [3] was the basis for the business-as-usual analyses. Also, literature and Team 3’s fuel cell adoption rates laid the foundation for the alternative scenario. The choice of the SCOC- CC as the oxy-combustion plant, the removal of its air separation unit (ASU), the addition of CCS, and an operation time of 330 days per year were the model's chosen parameters. From studies made by IEAGHG [4], the SCOC-CC was shown to have economic and environmental advantages over NGCC. For CCS, 10 horizontal injection wells would be put in place over 16 years to store CO 2 within the subsurface at Wabamun Lake, AB. By 2060 we aim to sequester upwards of 207 Mt of CO 2 [5]. Fig. 3. Alberta Power Generation (TWh/yr) 38.5 TWh/yr in oxy-fuel combustion generation by 2060 Fig. 5. Emissions from Power Generation (Mt CO 2 /yr) 2060 emissions will be reduced by 14 Mt CO 2 /yr NOTE: Oxy-fuel pilot plants will be brought online in 2020, with full scale generation growing from 2031 onwards based on O 2 supply. As the oxygen needed for oxy-fuel begins to plateau, there will be enough oxygen to supply 4 SAGD operations by 2060. Single cycle (NGSC) capacity will have to increase substantially to maintain grid stability since renewables have a low capacity factor and oxyfuel plants will run at a high capacity factor. Fig. 7. Map of Proposed Location of Carbon Capture and Storage [7] Large saline aquifer West of Edmonton [1] Climate Leadership Plan. (2017). Retrieved from Alberta Government: https://www.alberta.ca/climate-leadership-plan.aspx [2] "Carbon Capture and Sequestration," 2017. [Online]. Available: https://sites.lafayette.edu/egrs352-fa12-ccs/how-it-works/. [3] whatIf? Technologies Inc., 2014. Canadian Energy Systems Simulator (CanESS) - version 6, reference scenario. www.caness.ca [4] (2015). Oxy-Combustion Turbine Power Plants. International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas. [5] Keith, R. D. (2009). Wabamun Area CO 2 Sequestration Project (WASP). University of Calgary: Insitute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy. [6] “Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Generation," International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas , 2007 [7] Karsten Michael, S. B. (2009). Comprehensive Characterization of a Potential Site for CO 2 Geological Storage in Central Alberta, Canada. American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Alberta's electricity grid carbon intensity decreases by 155 Mt CO 2 /yr in 2060. This proposed model will allow Alberta to meet its 2030 climate goals, and changes to behind the fence (BTF) (private) generation could allow for further greening of Alberta's grid. The economic feasibility of SCOC-CC generation is driven by the quickly rising price of carbon. The plant location was chosen near Wabamun Lake due to existing infrastructure, prior knowledge of the subsurface and the existence of large saline aquifers. Since oxygen is supplied from electrolysis, an ASU is not required. This provides a major reduction in cost (29%) and energy (15%) for the proposed system over standard SCOC-CC. The oxygen supply is the limiting factor for the implementation of SCOC-CC. The proposed plant does not need an additional CO 2 compressor station for CO 2 injection, since the CO 2 from the plant is compressed to 110 bar. This is sufficient for transportation through pipelines in its supercritical phase for short distances (about 5 km). Alberta has the opportunity to invest in cleaning up its public grid emissions by almost two thirds, by replacing NGCC with SCOC-CC. The LCOE's of SCOC-CC and NGCC are very comparable by 2018, but SCOC-CC remains nearly constant whereas the LCOE of NGCC increases with time, mainly due to the carbon price. SCOC-CC power generation will reach peak values in 2060 with 100% of NGCC power generation being replaced. The carbon capture system associated with the oxy-fuel plant will be able to store over 207 Mt CO 2. over 29 years. Overall, there will be a reduction of 14 Mt CO 2 /year when compared with the business-as-usual scenario. The SCOC-CC is very similar to NGCC generation, allowing the technology to be ready for pilot testing in the next five years, based on its Technology Readiness Level. Both cycles utilize similar sized turbines and thermodynamic cycles, which operate at similar temperatures. Oxy-fuel power generation using the SCOC-CC design, but removing the air separation unit, will operate at 53% efficiency, and can generate approximately 5400 TWh/year for the Alberta grid in 2060. This project was possible thanks to contributions and feedback from our instructors Dr. Layzell, Dr. Sit, and Dr. Straatman, as well as our expert advisor Eric Shewchuk. We would like to thank Team 3 for providing the values for the oxygen supply. INTRODUCTION Julian Castro Gutierrez Mechanical Engineering Maureen Latter Mechanical Engineering Evan Laurie Geophysics/ Natural Science Evan McLean Chemical Engineering Trevor Lewis Natural Science Correspondence: [email protected] This poster produced as part of University of Calgary course Scie529 in Fall 2017. For info: [email protected] REFERENCE OXYFUEL COMBUSTION Fig. 6. Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) (CAN $ 2017) Oxy-fuel is economically competitive by 2018 As coal-fired power plants are phased out in Alberta by 2030, conventional natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants will become a significant source of electricity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions[1]. An alternative to NGCC is the semi-closed oxy- combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC), which replaces air with O 2 and CO 2 in the combustion chamber in order to produce pure CO 2 for carbon capture and storage (CCS), thereby reducing the GHG intensity of the Alberta grid. The cost of producing O 2 __ from air is prohibitive, but interest in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles could allow for a low cost supply of oxygen via electrolysis. Alberta has large storage potential in its deep saline aquifers, making it ideal for CCS. Fig. 4. Alberta Power Capacity (MW) 5300 MW in oxy-fuel combustion capacity by 2060 Fig. 2. Comparison of Energy Flows in SCOC-CC and NGCC Generation Plants [6] Fig. 8. Oxygen Production (Mt O 2 /yr) Fig. 9. Carbon Intensity (Mt CO 2 /MWh)
Transcript of Oxy-Fuel Combustion: A ‘Made in Alberta’ Solution · supply of oxygen via electrolysis. Alberta...
Oxy-Fuel Combustion: A ‘Made in Alberta’ Solution
METHODS
RESULTS DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCESACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Fig. 1. Diagram of CCS operations [2]
Dr. Straatman’s projection data [3] was the basis forthe business-as-usual analyses. Also, literature andTeam 3’s fuel cell adoption rates laid the foundationfor the alternative scenario. The choice of the SCOC-CC as the oxy-combustion plant, the removal of its airseparation unit (ASU), the addition of CCS, and anoperation time of 330 days per year were themodel's chosen parameters. From studies made byIEAGHG [4], the SCOC-CC was shown to haveeconomic and environmental advantages over NGCC.
For CCS, 10 horizontal injection wells would be put inplace over 16 years to store CO2 within thesubsurface at Wabamun Lake, AB. By 2060 we aim tosequester upwards of 207 Mt of CO2 [5].
Fig. 3. Alberta Power Generation (TWh/yr)38.5 TWh/yr in oxy-fuel combustion generation by 2060
Fig. 5. Emissions from Power Generation (Mt CO2/yr)2060 emissions will be reduced by 14 Mt CO2/yr
NOTE: Oxy-fuel pilot plants will be brought
online in 2020, with full scalegeneration growing from 2031onwards based on O2 supply.
As the oxygen needed for oxy-fuelbegins to plateau, there will beenough oxygen to supply 4 SAGDoperations by 2060.
Single cycle (NGSC) capacity willhave to increase substantially tomaintain grid stability sincerenewables have a low capacityfactor and oxyfuel plants will run ata high capacity factor.
Fig. 7. Map of Proposed Location of Carbon Capture and Storage [7]Large saline aquifer West of Edmonton
[1] Climate Leadership Plan. (2017). Retrieved from Alberta Government: https://www.alberta.ca/climate-leadership-plan.aspx
[2] "Carbon Capture and Sequestration," 2017. [Online]. Available: https://sites.lafayette.edu/egrs352-fa12-ccs/how-it-works/.
[3] whatIf? Technologies Inc., 2014. Canadian Energy Systems Simulator (CanESS) - version 6, reference scenario. www.caness.ca
[4] (2015). Oxy-Combustion Turbine Power Plants. International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas.
[5] Keith, R. D. (2009). Wabamun Area CO2 Sequestration Project (WASP). University of Calgary: Insitute for Sustainable Energy, Environment and Economy.
[6] “Fossil Fuel-Fired Power Generation," International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gas , 2007
[7] Karsten Michael, S. B. (2009). Comprehensive Characterization of a Potential Site for CO2 Geological Storage in Central Alberta, Canada. American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Alberta's electricity grid carbon intensitydecreases by 155 Mt CO2/yr in 2060.
This proposed model will allow Alberta to meet its2030 climate goals, and changes to behind thefence (BTF) (private) generation could allow forfurther greening of Alberta's grid.
The economic feasibility of SCOC-CC generation isdriven by the quickly rising price of carbon.
The plant location was chosen near WabamunLake due to existing infrastructure, priorknowledge of the subsurface and the existence oflarge saline aquifers.
Since oxygen is supplied from electrolysis, an ASU isnot required. This provides a major reduction in cost(29%) and energy (15%) for the proposed system overstandard SCOC-CC. The oxygen supply is the limitingfactor for the implementation of SCOC-CC.
The proposed plant does not need an additional CO2compressor station for CO2 injection, since the CO2from the plant is compressed to 110 bar. This issufficient for transportation through pipelines in itssupercritical phase for short distances (about 5 km).
Alberta has the opportunity to invest in cleaning upits public grid emissions by almost two thirds, byreplacing NGCC with SCOC-CC. The LCOE's of SCOC-CCand NGCC are very comparable by 2018, but SCOC-CCremains nearly constant whereas the LCOE of NGCCincreases with time, mainly due to the carbon price.
SCOC-CC power generation will reach peak values in2060 with 100% of NGCC power generation beingreplaced. The carbon capture system associated withthe oxy-fuel plant will be able to store over 207 MtCO2. over 29 years. Overall, there will be a reductionof 14 Mt CO2/year when compared with thebusiness-as-usual scenario.
The SCOC-CC is very similar to NGCC generation,allowing the technology to be ready for pilot testingin the next five years, based on its TechnologyReadiness Level. Both cycles utilize similar sizedturbines and thermodynamic cycles, which operateat similar temperatures. Oxy-fuel power generationusing the SCOC-CC design, but removing the airseparation unit, will operate at 53% efficiency, andcan generate approximately 5400 TWh/year for theAlberta grid in 2060.
This project was possible thanks to contributions andfeedback from our instructors Dr. Layzell, Dr. Sit, andDr. Straatman, as well as our expert advisor EricShewchuk. We would like to thank Team 3 forproviding the values for the oxygen supply.
INTRODUCTION
Julian Castro GutierrezMechanical Engineering
Maureen LatterMechanical Engineering
Evan LaurieGeophysics/ Natural Science
Evan McLeanChemical Engineering
Trevor LewisNatural Science
Correspondence: [email protected]
This poster produced as part of University of Calgary course Scie529 in Fall 2017. For info: [email protected]
REFERENCE OXYFUEL COMBUSTION
Fig. 6. Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) (CAN $ 2017)Oxy-fuel is economically competitive by 2018
As coal-fired power plants are phased out in Albertaby 2030, conventional natural gas combined cycle(NGCC) power plants will become a significant sourceof electricity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions[1].An alternative to NGCC is the semi-closed oxy-combustion combined cycle (SCOC-CC), whichreplaces air with O2 and CO2 in the combustionchamber in order to produce pure CO2 for carboncapture and storage (CCS), thereby reducing the GHGintensity of the Alberta grid. The cost of producing O2__from air is prohibitive,but interest in hydrogenfuel cell vehicles couldallow for a low costsupply of oxygen viaelectrolysis. Alberta haslarge storage potential inits deep saline aquifers,making it ideal for CCS.
Fig. 4. Alberta Power Capacity (MW)5300 MW in oxy-fuel combustion capacity by 2060
Fig. 2. Comparison of Energy Flows inSCOC-CC and NGCC Generation Plants [6]
Fig. 8. Oxygen Production(Mt O2/yr)
Fig. 9. Carbon Intensity(Mt CO2/MWh)
