+ -ed infinitive past simple past participle

With most verbs we cook cooked cooked add -ed finish finished finished

+-dWith verbs ending live lived lived with -e, we add -d close closed closed

y ➝ -ied With verbs that end study studied studied with one consonant* carry carried carried+ -y, we change the y try tried tried to -ied:

p ➝ -ppedWith verbs that end stop stopped stopped with one vowel* + plan planned planned one consonant (e.g. stop), we double the consonant:

+ -edBut note that we stay stayed stayed do not double the happen happened happened consonant, open opened opened1) when it is y or w visit visited visited (e.g. play)2) when the last syllable* is not stressed (e.g. LISten, HAppen, Open)

Note that in British cancel cancelled cancelled English l is usually travel travelled travelled doubled, even if the syllable is unstressed (e.g. travel)

-ing forms

+-ing infinitive -ing form

With most verbs we walk walking add -ing: eat eating

e + -ing With verbs that end make making with a consonant* come coming + -e, we delete the write writing -e and add -ing:

elementary pocket guide

Oxford

Regular verbs: Past simple and past participle

A pocket guide to regular verbs: past simple and past participle, and the -ing form.Make your own pocket guide to regular verbs, and the -ing form by following the instructions.• Printpage1.• Putpage1backinthe

printer.• Printpage2ontheother

side of the paper.• Cutalongthedottedlines.• Foldthepaper.

You now have your pocket guide to irregular verbs to take with you anywhere.

You can find all of these irregular verbs in your copy of Oxford Living Grammar Elementary.

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ie ➝ -yingWith verbs that end lie lying with -ie, we change die dying -ie to -ying: tie tying

-t ➝ -ttingWith verbs that end sit sitting with one vowel* + run running one consonant swim swimming (e.g. get, hit, stop), we double the consonant:

+ -ingBut note that we play playing do not double the happen happening consonant, listen listening1) when it is y or w remember remembering (e.g. play)2) when the last syllable* is not stressed (e.g. reMEMber, VISit):

* Consonants: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y zVowels: a e i o uSyllables: |hit| = 1 syllable; |vi|sit| = 2 syllables|re|mem|ber= 3 syllables

elementary pocket guide

Oxford

Learn and practise grammar in context

Irregular verbs: past simple and past participle

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