OVID AMORES I.1

CUPID www.loggia.com/myth/cupid.html

Cupid was the god of love in Roman mythology. The name Cupid is a variation on Cupido ("desire"), and this god was also known by the name

Amor ("love"). It was commonly believed that Cupid was the son of Venus - the Roman goddess of love - and this association between

Venus and Cupid was quite popular in myth, poetry, literature, and art.

The ancient Romans often depicted Cupid as winged child or baby who carried a bow and quiver full of arrows. In

Cupid Presenting a Rose to a Butterfly c.1802Denis-Antoine Chaudet

Cupid being taught by the Graces

Cupid and Aphrodite

THE PIERIDES- Gustave Moreauwww.arc-store.com/moreg

PIERIDES is the patronymic of the nine daughters of King Pieros of Emathia. They challenged the Muses to a contest of song, which they lost, and the Muses, in revenge, changed the presumptuous maidens into magpies (Met V.294-678; OM V.1763-1832). The Muses themselves are also called Pierides because their most ancient seat of worship was in Pieria. They were said to be the daughters of Jupiter and Mnemosyne, but their father was also said to be Pieros of Macedonia. Pierides is then either their byname of location or their patronymic.

The Man of Law says that on no account does he want to be compared with the Muses called Pierides and gives Metamorphoses as his source, MLI 90-95. The word, however, does not occur in Metamorphoses; the daughters of King Pieros are called by their byname of location, Emathides (Met V.669). Virgil uses Pierides throughout his Eclogae, and it is possible that Chaucer may have come across the word there. The narrator praises Venus, Cupid, and the Nine Sisters because through them he has told the story of Troilus's service,

Tr III.1807-1920. www.columbia.edu/dlc/garland/deweever/PQ/pierides.

VENUSTHE GODDESS OF LOVE has an ancient history. Ishtar/Astarte was the Semitic goddess of love. In Greece she was called Aphrodite, worshipped especially on the islands of Cyprus and Kythera. As goddess of love she was instrumental in the myths about Atalanta, Hippolytus, Myrrha, and Pygmalion. Adonis and Anchises were her human lovers. Venus, the Roman goddess, was worshiped originally as a goddess of fertility, both human, and of the garden. The Greek aspects were added on and for most practical purposes, Venus is synonymous with Aphrodite. The Romans had a special respect for Venus as the ancestor of the Roman people through her liaison with Anchises. www.geocities.com/Heartland/Lake/3483

Birth of Venus: Sandro Botticelli www.geocities.com/Heartland/Lake/3483/venus.html

MINERVA

• Minerva was the goddess of wisdom. Her symbol was the owl. Her Greek name was Athene, and Athens was her city.

• the goddess of civilized war• www.gwydir.demon.co.uk/jo/roman/minerva

CERES

• Ceres was the Roman goddess of agriculture, grain, and the love a mother bears for her child. She was the daughter of Saturn and Ops, the sister of Jupiter, and the mother of Proserpine. Ceres was a kind and benevolent goddess to the Romans and they had a common expression, "fit for Ceres,"

which meant splendid. • www.licares.org/potpourri/Ceres/Ceres

DIANASchool of Fontainebleau.

• The goddess Diana was very highly worshipped in ancient Rome. Her greek counterpart, fell under the name Artemis. Diana in Roman worship, was known as well as a maiden huntress, protector of all that is wild and free. This is virtually the same context that the greek Artemis fell under. However, as centuries past and ancient Rome grew, so did the followings of the goddess Diana.

• Diana no longer was classed simply as a maiden huntress, but grew to the status of motherhood. By the birth of her daughter Ariadia. Then her path grew as well, to become known as the Queen of Witches.

• www.main-vision.com/richard/Diana• ww.eleganza.com/statue-gallery/h-06-goddess-diana-statue.html• altman.com/godiwide.html

Phoebus Apollo

• Apollo is in many respects the paradigm of a Greek god. He represents order, harmony, and civilization in a way that most other Olympian deities cannot quite equal. One only has to compare him with Dionysos to understand how Apollo is depicted as a bright, rational counterpart to the chaotic and frenzied god of wine and women. Indeed, Apollo is most often associated with the cultivated arts of music and medicine, and his role as the leader of the Muses establishes him as a patron of intellectual pursuits.

• ww.loggia.com/myth/apollo.html• www.marbleclassics.com/greek-god-apollo-statue• ancientworlds.net/aw/Thread/454821

MARS www.mysteriousbritain.co.uk/gods&goddesses/mars

• Mars is the Roman god of war and also of agriculture. He was very important to the Romans because he was the father of Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome.

• In the beginning Mars was seen as more of an agricultural or pastoral god, this still had relevance, even after he became more and more associated with war.

• Mars was the son of Juno, Jupiter's wife. Jupiter had given rise to the goddess Minerva by birthing her through his head. Juno was jealous of this event, and asked the goddess Flora to help her in the task of creating a son. Flora, the goddess of blossoming plants touched Juno with magical herbs and created Mars in her womb.

• Mars raped the vestal virgin Rhea Silvia while she slept, she gave birth to twins called Romulus and Remus. Rhea was imprisoned because of the sacred laws of her vows, and her sons were left in baskets on the river. They were

brought up by wolves and eventually founded Rome.

MOUNT HELICON• www.utexas.edu/courses/clubmed/

9908040510hel.jpg

• mountain group, c.20 mi (30 km) long, central Greece, in Boeotia; it rises to 5,736 ft (1,748 m). Helicon formed part of the border between ancient Boeotia and Phocis. In Greek legend it was the abode of the Muses and sacred to Apollo. The fountains of Hippocrene and Aganippe are on the slopes of Mt. Helicon. The temple of the Muses was situated in the eastern part of the mountain, at the foot of which were Thespiae and Ascra, home of Hesiod.

• www.factmonster.com/ce6/world/A0823249.html