OverviewOverview

ResourceResourcePlanningPlanning

Pacific NW Waterways AssociationPacific NW Waterways AssociationKevin WatkinsKevin WatkinsJune 27, 2011June 27, 2011

TopicsTopics

• Ocean Wave Energy Demo ProjectOcean Wave Energy Demo Project

• Coffin Butte Resource ProjectCoffin Butte Resource Project

• Technology trackingTechnology tracking

• Energy storage Energy storage

• High wind/high water High wind/high water

AboutAbout PNGC PowerPNGC Power

• Generation & transmission cooperativeGeneration & transmission cooperative

• 16 members/owners operating in 7 PNW states16 members/owners operating in 7 PNW states

• JOE JOE JJoint oint OOperating perating EEntity ntity (( “power pool”) “power pool”)

• SSmart mart GGrid rid IInvestment nvestment GGrant recipient rant recipient

Members/OwnersMembers/Owners

AboutAbout ElectricityElectricity

• Electricity Electricity type of energy type of energy (“electrical energy”)(“electrical energy”)

• Other types of energy “converted” to electricity Other types of energy “converted” to electricity – Conversion technologies: Conversion technologies: generatorsgenerators, P/V cells, etc., P/V cells, etc.– Conversion “rate” = Conversion “rate” = powerpower (units: Watts (units: Watts W, kW, MW) W, kW, MW)

– 1 MW = 1,341 Hp1 MW = 1,341 Hp

• Instantaneous balance!Instantaneous balance! Supply Supply (“generation”) (“generation”) = Demand = Demand (“loads”)(“loads”)

Ocean Wave Energy Demo ProjectOcean Wave Energy Demo Project

Ocean wave formationOcean wave formation

Sunlight >>Sunlight >>

Temperature & pressure differentials Temperature & pressure differentials >>>>

Winds (over Oceans) >>Winds (over Oceans) >>

Ocean WavesOcean Waves

Wave energy technologiesWave energy technologies

11stst wave energy project wave energy project (Spain)(Spain)

Ocean wave resource potentialOcean wave resource potential

Estimated wave energy

Oregon Coast Wave Energy Profile

Project descriptionProject description

• Developer: Ocean Power Technologies (OPT)Developer: Ocean Power Technologies (OPT)(PNGC Power providing funding, support, PPA)(PNGC Power providing funding, support, PPA)

• Generation capacity: 1.5 MWGeneration capacity: 1.5 MW(10 -150 KW buoys)(10 -150 KW buoys)

• ScheduleSchedule– Phase 1: Phase 1: (Sept 2011): (Sept 2011): one buoy for data collectionone buoy for data collection– Phase 2: (August 2012): deploy nine more buoys; Phase 2: (August 2012): deploy nine more buoys;

interconnect w/Douglas Electric; begin ~2 year demointerconnect w/Douglas Electric; begin ~2 year demo

ProjectProjectlocationlocation

Buoy dimensions(feet)

POWERBUOY

ASSUMED DEPTH - 200’

TENDON LINE

CATENARY LINE – 117’

24.6’

50’

50’

SUBSURFACE FLOAT

MOORING BRIDLE

20.3’

105.1’

50’

DATE: 12/2/2009 Rev 3 ©2009 Ocean Power Technologies, Inc.

DRAWING NOT TO SCALEDIMENSIONS SHOWN IN FEET

PRELIMINARY DRAWING

ANCHOR

Objective: Objective: project informationproject information

• Resource characteristicsResource characteristics– Availability Availability (seasonal, daily, etc.)(seasonal, daily, etc.)– Compatibility with other usesCompatibility with other uses

– PredictabilityPredictability

• Conversion technology performanceConversion technology performance– Operations Operations (efficiency, generation during storms, etc.)(efficiency, generation during storms, etc.) – Reliability Reliability (forced outages, maintenance, etc.)(forced outages, maintenance, etc.)

– CostCost

Project opportunity?Project opportunity?

• Verify renewable resource Verify renewable resource • Confirm generation predictabilityConfirm generation predictability• Define O&M cost characteristicsDefine O&M cost characteristics• Simplify integrationSimplify integration

(for direct generation-to-member connections)(for direct generation-to-member connections)• Provide “scalable” capacity additions Provide “scalable” capacity additions

– Shorter development cycle Shorter development cycle (e.g.,18-24 months)(e.g.,18-24 months)– Smaller capacity additions Smaller capacity additions (e.g.,10-20 MW)(e.g.,10-20 MW)

Coffin Butte Resource ProjectCoffin Butte Resource Project

Biomass energy: Biomass energy: llandandffill ill ggas as (“LFG”)(“LFG”)

• LFG formed via biological process:LFG formed via biological process: methanagenic anaerobic bacteriamethanagenic anaerobic bacteria

• Biomass Biomass methane (CH methane (CH44) )

• LFG methane content: 50-55%LFG methane content: 50-55%

• VeryVery challenging collection & challenging collection &combustion control processescombustion control processes

Process Process LFG LFG electricity electricity

OverviewOverview

• Owner: Owner: Power Resources Cooperative (PRC)Power Resources Cooperative (PRC)• DescriptionDescription

– 5.7 MW landfill gas-to-energy facility5.7 MW landfill gas-to-energy facility– Technology: Advanced IC enginesTechnology: Advanced IC engines– Commercial operations: October 1995 (2.5 MW)Commercial operations: October 1995 (2.5 MW)– Phase II operations: October 2007 (+ 3.2 MW)Phase II operations: October 2007 (+ 3.2 MW)

• Phase III planningPhase III planning– Timing: 2012-2013?Timing: 2012-2013?– Major issues: fuel supply & air quality permittingMajor issues: fuel supply & air quality permitting

CAT 3520 engine-generator CAT 3520 engine-generator (1.6 MW)(1.6 MW)

Technology TrackingTechnology Tracking

Compressor Station Heat RecoveryCompressor Station Heat Recovery

Technology illustrationTechnology illustration

Preliminary evaluationPreliminary evaluation

• PROPRO– No No incrementalincremental CO CO22 production production

– Siting & permitting relatively straightforwardSiting & permitting relatively straightforward– Remotely operated & monitoredRemotely operated & monitored

(with organic working fluid)(with organic working fluid)

• CONCON– Coordination with pipeline owner/operatorCoordination with pipeline owner/operator– Non-dispatchable generationNon-dispatchable generation– Interconnection & integration requirementsInterconnection & integration requirements

Biomass CogenerationBiomass Cogeneration

Biomass resourcesBiomass resources

• Type: Residue fuels (“woody biomass”)Type: Residue fuels (“woody biomass”)– Mill residuesMill residues– Unused logging slashUnused logging slash– Forest thinning residuesForest thinning residues

• Issue: Issue: SupplySupply– Competing uses (e.g., landscaping materials)Competing uses (e.g., landscaping materials)– Implementing long-term activities on public landsImplementing long-term activities on public lands– Sensitivity to prevailing economic cyclesSensitivity to prevailing economic cycles

• Risk: new regulations re: biomass burningRisk: new regulations re: biomass burning

Cogeneration operationsCogeneration operations

• Concept: Concept: coco-generate with same fuel & systems-generate with same fuel & systems– ElectricityElectricity– Process steamProcess steam

• Shared costsShared costs– FuelFuel– EquipmentEquipment– O&MO&M

• Major benefit Major benefit Efficiency Efficiency

Cogeneration Cogeneration issuesissues

• Coordinate “steam” Coordinate “steam” ++ “electric” loads “electric” loads• Allocation of costs & benefits Allocation of costs & benefits • Consistent reliability standards Consistent reliability standards • O&M staffing & practicesO&M staffing & practices• Upgrade planning Upgrade planning (e.g., electrical system only)(e.g., electrical system only) • Limited distance for steam transport Limited distance for steam transport • Others!Others!

Large-scale Large-scale pphotohotovvoltaic oltaic (PV)(PV)

PROPRO

• VeryVery positive public perception positive public perception

• SustainableSustainable (vs. more limited “renewable” term)(vs. more limited “renewable” term)

• No No operatingoperating CO CO22 cost/penalty exposure cost/penalty exposure

• Good coincidence with Good coincidence with summer-peaking loadssummer-peaking loads

• Costs largely fixed (e.g., debt service)Costs largely fixed (e.g., debt service)

CONCON

• Intermittent outputIntermittent output

• Poor coincidence with Poor coincidence with winter-peaking loadswinter-peaking loads

• Large land area requirementLarge land area requirement(500 acres (380 football fields!) for 50 MW facility)(500 acres (380 football fields!) for 50 MW facility)

• Regulation & load following reserves Regulation & load following reserves (costs??)(costs??)

Energy storageEnergy storage

Energy storage overviewEnergy storage overview

• Concept: Concept: electricity electricity “storable” energy “storable” energy• FunctionsFunctions

– Operational supportOperational support– ““Firm” intermittent resourcesFirm” intermittent resources– Optimize market transactionsOptimize market transactions– Integrate with Smart GridIntegrate with Smart Grid

operationsoperations– Others!Others!

Pumped hydroPumped hydro

Pumped hydro Pumped hydro (cont.)(cont.)

BatteriesBatteries

CCompressed ompressed AAir ir EEnergy nergy SStoragetorage

High wind/high waterHigh wind/high water

Wind generation capacity Wind generation capacity

High windHigh wind

High waterHigh water

SpillSpill

Issues!Issues!

System stabilitySystem stability

Transmission accessTransmission access

Operational priorityOperational priority

COSTSCOSTS

Next step?Next step?

Courtesy NASA

Thank you!

Supplemental InformationSupplemental Information

Wave development Wave development

Wave motionWave motion

Waves “breaking” at shorelineWaves “breaking” at shoreline

Milankovitch CyclesMilankovitch Cycles

Carbon Dioxide (COCarbon Dioxide (CO22) Levels) Levels

Hydrogen Hub Feasibility StudyHydrogen Hub Feasibility Study

• ConceptConcept

Renewable energy =>Renewable energy =>

Ammonia synthesis Ammonia synthesis (fuel) (fuel) =>=>

Dispatchable generationDispatchable generation• ConclusionsConclusions

– Ammonia synthesis/generation technically feasible Ammonia synthesis/generation technically feasible – Much uncertainty!Much uncertainty!

• NW Hydrogen Alliance seeking demo project $ NW Hydrogen Alliance seeking demo project $

Modular Nuclear Study CommitteeModular Nuclear Study Committee

• Energy Northwest Energy Northwest study group coordination study group coordination• Objective: Objective: preliminarypreliminary technology evaluation technology evaluation

– Modularity/scalabilityModularity/scalability– Light-water reactor designLight-water reactor design– Can obtain NRC Design Certification?Can obtain NRC Design Certification?

• Key issuesKey issues– USDOE cost sharing USDOE cost sharing – Cost-effectiveness Cost-effectiveness – Waste fuel managementWaste fuel management– Others!Others!

Typical modular design Typical modular design (45 MW) (45 MW)

Next stepsNext steps

• Select preferred vendor to continueSelect preferred vendor to continue “due diligence” study “due diligence” study

• Better define overall economics Better define overall economics • Seek USDOE cost-sharingSeek USDOE cost-sharing

– Combined Operating License Combined Operating License (estimated $50M!)(estimated $50M!)

– Reference plantReference plant

• Increase communication activities Increase communication activities

Challenging maritime conditionsChallenging maritime conditions

Balancing Authorities Balancing Authorities (formerly “Control Areas”)(formerly “Control Areas”)

PNW transmission constraints PNW transmission constraints

Blue are internal to BPA system (flowgates); red are interchange constraints

Environmental DispatchEnvironmental Dispatch

Interchange Interchange