Overview of the status of soil resource in Uganda, and the needs and priorities for its sustainable...

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Overview of the status of soil Overview of the status of soil resource in Uganda, and the needs and priorities for its sustainable management management O S ll & K ki C Ki i Onesmus Semalulu & Kayuki C. Kaizzi NAROKawanda

Transcript of Overview of the status of soil resource in Uganda, and the needs and priorities for its sustainable...

Overview of the status of soilOverview of the status of soil resource in Uganda, and the needs and priorities for its sustainable 

managementmanagement

O S l l & K ki C K i iOnesmus Semalulu & Kayuki C. Kaizzi

NARO‐Kawanda

Overview• Location : Uganda lies astride the Equator, between latitudes 4o 12´ N and 1o 29´ S and longitudes 29o 34´ W, and 35o 0´ E. 

• Size:  Total land area 241, 548 km2 of which about 15% is covered by water bodiesy

• Population : About 32 Million People• Population : About  32 Million People

• Population Growth: 3.2 % per annum

Climate and TopographyClimate and Topography

• ClimateClimate– Temperature range: 15o ‐ 30o C. 

Annual Rainfall range: 750 to 1500 mm– Annual Rainfall range:  750 to 1500 mm

T h• Topography‐Mainly, lying between 1000 ‐ 2500 metres above 

l lsea level.

UGANDA SOILSThe soil resources 

GULU

KOTIDO

KITGUM

PADERARUA

YUMBE MOYO

ADJUMANI

of Uganda

LIRA

APAC

MASINDI

MOROTO

KATAKWI

NEBBI

SOROTI

NAKAPIRIPIRIT

KABERAMAIDO

HOIMA

MUBENDE

KAMULI

KUMI

KIBOGA

KIBAALE

KYENJOJO

NAKASEKE

IGANGA

LUWERO

PALLISA

NAKASONGOLA

TORORO

MBALEKAYUNGA

KABAROLE

BUNDIBUGYO

JINJA

KAPCHORWA

BUSIA

SIRONKOFig. 2: Soil map of Uganda with District boundaries overlaid

MUKONOBUGIRI

RAKAI

KALANGALA

MPIGI

MASAKA MAYUGE

KASESE

BUSHENYI

WAKISOIBANDA

ISINGIRO

KIRUHURA

KAMWENGE

SEMBABULE

MBARARA

RUKUNGIRIKANUNGU

KAMPALA

N

overlaid

ISINGIRO

KABALE

NTUNGAMO

KISORO

100 0 100 200 Kilometers

ACRIC FERRALSOLSARENOSOLSCALCISOLSDYSTRIC REGOSOLSEUTRIC REGOSOLSGLEYSOLSHISTOSOLSLAKESLEPTIC/SKELETIC ANDOSOLSLEPTOSOLSLIXIC FERRALSOLSLUVISOLSMELANIC ANDOSOLSNITISOLSPETRIC PLINTHOSOLSPLANOSOLSVERTISOLS

Inherent productivity rating of Uganda soils

High-Very highModerate-HighLow-ModerateVery Low-Low– High ‐ 8%  

N

EW

S

– Medium  – 14%

– Fair ‐ 43%  50 0 50 Kilometers

– Low – 30% 

– Negligible ‐ 5% 

‐Varying productivity depending on placedepending on place ‐ Research indicates declining soil fertility due to nutrient i i d littl

Fig. 3: Inherent fertility of Uganda soils (based on grading in the soil memoirs, 1960s)

mining and little or no replenishment of nutrients 

Updating the soils inventory• Current map and data (hard copy) developed in the 1960 and need updating

Aloi

Arua

Gulu Moroto

Kitgum LodwarKaabong

Pakwach

NA 26-2

NA 36-7 NA 36-8

NA 36-4

NA 36-5

NA 36-1 NA 36-3

NA 36-6

and need updating• To‐date, 4 sheets out of 17 have been updated and d d f

MbaleHoima Masindi

Fort Portal K l

KapenguriaNA 36-9

NA 36-12NA 36-11NA 36-10

42

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150

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111113 75

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33102102

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4142

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61137

6113747

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3777 77

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4141

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125 41

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12541

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40 40 4041

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124137

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351 9 351 9

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12543 4343

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4141

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4040

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65 65

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4340

4043

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137137

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42

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137

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138137

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137 13733

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Masindi Mbale

Kampala Jinja

digitised for easier use• Efforts to convert hard copy soil memoirs into digital 

Jinja

Mbarara Masaka

Fort Portal Kampala

Homa BaySA 36-1

NA 36-13

SA 36-2 SA 36-3

NA 36-14 NA 36 -1541

41

137

137

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41

137

18

18

42

111 9

25

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24

11232 4

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128

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150

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128

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65

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128

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42

27

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181 29

128 12 9

128 12 9171 28 17

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127

25

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150

111 9

111 9

111 9

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181 29

181 29

181 29

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187 2

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12622

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128

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41Kampala Jinjagformat are on‐going• Development of the soils database is underway to

KabaleSA 36-5

database is underway to integrate newly generated analytical data into the i i il dexisting soils data. Fig. 4: Uganda map showing the four soil map 

sheets that were updated

The soil testing laboratory

• A running lab. for research and the general public• Analyses mainly soil & plant tissue

Fig. 5: The Soils Laboratory and office block at the National Agric. Res. Labs, Kawanda

10000

6816

9077

6000

7000

8000

9000

Csoil7000

• Over 12,000 samples 

2944

3000

4000

5000

6000Water

Plant

Soil

Cplant5000

, panalysed in 2012 •Mostly research samples analysed

0 0 0 5

458

33 85 122

924

502714

995

0

1000

2000

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Cwater500Fig. 6: Trends in the number of 

samples analysed at NARL over years 

Challenges facing the soil resource in general

Uganda Soil Erosion Hazard MapN

EW

S

Northern Shore Streams

Eastern Shore Streams

Katonga

S

L. VictoriaBukora

Kagera

Very lowLow

Subcatchment boundaries

Soil loss rate

40 0 40 80 120 Kilometers LowModerateHighVery high

40 0 40 80 120 Kilometers

Fig 7: Erosion hot spots in the Lake Victoria catchmentFig. 7: Erosion hot spots in the Lake Victoria catchment

Challenges facing the soil resource in general

• Land degradation (soil erosion esp. in hilly and mountainous areas, deforestation, soil fertility , , ydecline, …)

• Inadequate knowledge on proper soil/land use tipractices

• Poor land management practices leading to unsustainable useunsustainable use

• Population pressure leading to continuous cultivation

• Inability of smallholder farmers to invest in sustainable land management practices (e.g. very low fertiliser use)low fertiliser use)

Challenges facing the soil resource (cont’d)

• Lack of enforcement of Environment and Natural Resource (ENR) Management policiesNatural Resource (ENR) Management policies and regulations

• Poor waste disposal• Poor waste disposal• Lack of an updated soils inventory/mapS il t d t th il d t b• Soil survey to update the soils database very expensive!S il l i t th hi h f f (US $• Soil analysis cost rather high for farmers (US $ 11.5 for a routine test: pH, OM, N, P, K, Ca, Mg texture)Mg, texture)

Current efforts to address soil h llmanagement challenges

• Generating and promoting ISFM interventions• Generating and promoting ISFM interventions (SLM, CA, linking ISFM to profitable enterprises, etc.)enterprises, etc.)

• Multi‐institutional/stakeholder collaborative projectsprojects

• Updating fertiliser recommendations for major cropsmajor crops

• Updating the soils information to meet requirementsrequirements

Current efforts to address soil h ll ( ’d)management challenges (cont’d)

bl h f• Public‐private partnerships in information dissemination

idi il i i f d• Providing soil testing service to farmers and private sectorP li i i ( d l i• Policy interventions (e.g. developing a fertiliser strategy, govt support to fertiliser use through NAADS)through NAADS)

• A number of projects by development partnerspartners

Needs and priorities for sustainable soil management

• Promote sustainable land/soil management– Sensitise grassroot communities on sustainable land managementInnovative ways of disseminating soil management– Innovative ways of disseminating soil management information

• Improve information management andImprove information management and dissemination systems

• Improved networking and information/data p g /sharing among institutions/departments

Needs and priorities for sustainable soil management (cont’d)(cont d)

• Increased support to soils research• Increased support to soils research 

• Soils inventory update / soil survey and land se planninguse planning

• Policy intervention (e.g. enforcement of ENR policies and legislation, formulate a land use policy, increase budgetary support to 

)agriculture and ENR programs)