Overview of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams -...

Slid 1!Brad Sherrill, ACS Boston 2010, Slide 1

Overview of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

Bradley M. Sherrill FRIB

Michigan State University


Broad Overview of FRIB Science

Properties of nuclei – Develop a predictive model of nuclei and their interactions – Understand the nuclear force in terms of QCD – Many-body quantum problem: intellectual overlap to mesoscopic

science, quantum dots, atomic clusters, etc.

Astrophysical processes – Chemical history of the universe – Model explosive environments – Properties of neutron stars,

EOS of asymmetric nuclear matter

Tests of fundamental symmetries – Effects of symmetry violations are

amplified in certain nuclei

Societal applications and benefits – Bio-medicine, energy, material

sciences, national security


What Nuclides Will FRIB Produce? •  FRIB will produce more

than 1000 NEW isotopes at useful rates (4500 available for study)

•  Theory is key to making the right measurements

•  Exciting prospects for study of nuclei along the drip line to mass 120 (compared to 24)

•  Production of most of the key nuclei for astrophysical modeling

•  Harvesting of unusual isotopes for a wide range of applications Rates are available at http://groups.nscl.msu.edu/frib/rates/


Estimated FRIB Rates are Online

•  http://groups.nscl.msu.edu/frib/rates/fribrates.html


Rare Isotope Production at FRIB

•  In-flight Separation following nucleon transfer, fusion, projectile fragmentation/fission

• Experimental facilities for Stopped (trapped – 60 kV), Reaccelerated (100 keV/u – 20 MeV/u) and Fast Beams (20 - 200 MeV/u)

• Similar facilities worldwide – RIBF at RIKEN, FAIR, KoRIA, HIARF (Lanzhou)

beam

target

Fragment Separator

Beam

Gas catcher/ solid catcher + ion source

Beams used without stopping

Post Acceleration

Accelerator


FRIB Isotope Production Mechanisms Fragmentation (Projectile)

• Pictorial model of projectile fragmentation (for beam energy > 50 MeV/u)

• Parameterization of cross sections (EPAX 2 Sümmerer and Blank, Phys.Rev. C61(2000)034607) – good to an order of magnitude

– Close related to Silverberg-Tso and Rudstam parameterizations – Parameters fit to experimental data (Gaussian and exponentials as function of removed

nucleons) – Energy independent cross sections – Production cross section does not depend on the target

• More detailed models (e.g. ABRABLA (K-H Schmidt et al. - See http://www-win.gsi.de/charms/)

projectile target


FRIB Isotope Production Mechanisms: Fission

• Pictorial Model of projectile fission

• ABRABLA - See http://www-win.gsi.de/charms/ for details (Schmidt et al.) – J. Benlluire et al. Phy. Rev. C 78 054605 (2008)

•  LISE++ Fission Models (Tarasov et al. NIM B204 174 (2004)) LISE++

• An initial fragmentation step produces a wide range of fragments and excitation energies

• Can use photons, protons, nuclei, etc. to induce the fission

• Observation: For 200 MeV/u the fragmentation and fission cross sections of 238U are approximately equal

projectile target


In-Flight Production Example: NSCL’s CCF

fragment yield after target fragment yield after wedge fragment yield at focal plane

Example: 86Kr → 78Ni K500

K1200 A1900

production target

ion sources

coupling line

stripping foil

wedge

focal plane

Δp/p = 5% transmission of 65% of the produced 78Ni

86Kr14+, 12 MeV/u

86Kr34+, 140 MeV/u

D.J. Morrissey, B.M. Sherrill, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. A356 1985 (1998)


Overview of the FRIB Facility

•  Thomas Glasmacher Project Manager

•  Konrad Gelbke Director

•  Rare Isotope production with 200 MeV/u, 400 kW heavy ion beams!

•  Status: Endorsed Lehman review July 2010 as ready for CD1, construction scheduled to begin in 2013!


Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, FRIB Broad Overview

• Driver linac capable of E/A ≥ 200 MeV for all ions, Pbeam ≥ 400 kW

• Early date for completion is 2018; TPC 613M$

•  Upgrade options (tunnel can house E/A = 400 MeV uranium driver linac, ISOL, multi-user capability …) 200 MeV/u 400 kW LINAC

ISOTOPE Production Fragment Separator

Experimental Areas

20 m


FRIB Cutaway View

 Experimental areas and scientific instrumentation for fast, stopped and reaccelerated beams

 Beam power ramps from 10 kW in year 1 to 400 kW in year 4

200 MeV/u 400 kW LINAC

40 ft


Details of the FRIB Layout

Β=0.04 β = 0.08 β = 0.2 β = 0.5

Superconducting RF cavities 4 types ≈ 344 total Epeak ≈ 30 MV/m


Fragment Separator Details

• Marc Hausman; Project leader

FRIB Fragment Separator •  Selects individual isotopes out of the

thousand different ones produced •  Harvesting on unused isotopes is

possible at certain positions along the device

•  Beam dump possibly water •  Mass slits at end of 1st 2nd and

3rd stage •  Mass slits at end of 2nd stage


Example: Primary Experiment 82Ge from 86Kr

• Calculated with LISE++ (http://groups.nscl.msu.edu/lise/lise.html)

• Simulation code developed at GANIL and NSCL

X position (mm) -8 0 8 16 24

Rat

e

84Se

81As

83Se

80As 82Ge

vertical “X” position (mm)


LISE++ Simulation Code

The code operates under Windows and provides a user-friendly interface. It can be downloaded from the following internet address:

O. Tarasov, D. Bazin et al. http://www.nscl.msu.edu/lise


Production Target and Beam Dump Area

Grouted floor over shield blocks

Target floor shielding Beam dump floor shielding


Selected Concept for the Beam dump region

All primary beams exit end of dipole; no

additional beam dump necessary as in V1

Forward direction of radiation fields directed towards ground rather than up into target facility


Transfer Bay and Hot Cell Access • Original

production area design has one through wall manipulator

• Space for additional two manipulator stations

• Multi-purpose transfer bay

– Crane parking – Personnel

access to hot cell – Staging area for

installation of large equipment Decontamination area

Basement Level 2

Removable concrete blocks to avoid lifting operations over hot cell wall

Transfer bay


Equipment Layout for Fast, Stopped, and ReA3-ReA12

•  FRIB experimental areas will use existing NSCL augmented by a new ReA12 experimental area (funded by MSU, to be completed Sept 1, 2011)

• ReA12 Upgrade is essential for much of the science of FRIB


Key FRIB component: Beam Stopping

Three schemes will be implemented:

• Cyclotron gas stopper • Linear gas stopper • Solid stopper (LLN (Belgium), KVI (Netherlands))

G. Savard, ANL, D. Morrissey NSCL LLN, GSI, et al.

Fast ions

He gas


ReA12 - Reaccelerator 12 MeV/u

•  ReA3 in operation in 2011 – 0.3-3.2 MeV/u for uranium

•  Upgrade to ReA12 by adding cryomodules already designed and previously constructed – 1.2-12 MeV/u for uranium

• ReA12 Priority to fund outside the FRIB project

ReA3 is under construction


FRIB Construction Schedule – Managed for CD4 in 2018

CALENDAR YEAR

TPC covers schedule range!


FRIB Users

• Potential users register as members of the independent FRIB Users Organization, FRIBUO – Chartered organization with an

elected executive committee (Chair is Michael Smith, ORNL)

– 15 January 2010 began re-registration and by 27 July had 801 members (55 counties) ; we anticipate 1500 closer to CD4

– The FRIBUO has 19 working groups on experimental equipment

•  Theory is represented by the FRIB Theory Organization (now part of FRIBUO) – 100 members – Wick Haxon LBL, Chair

•  Isotope harvesting group?

http://fribusers.org/

Feb 2010 FRIB equipment workshop


Workshop Report Appendix H Isotopes with Future Demand > Supply

Isotope FRIB mCi (4 hour) Comment

Actinium-225 0.63 Requires 232Th beam

Promethium-147 3E14 atoms

Astatine-211 0.85 Significant gain from ISOL capability

Nickel-63 1.5E16 atoms

Chlorine-36 1E16 atoms

Cesium-137 1E13 1000 gain from ISOL

Gallium-68 1310 Impact from alternative Ga isotopes

Iridium-192 1E14 atoms

Copper-67 390 Impact form alternative Cu isotopes

Silicon-32 1E16 atoms

Workshop - The Nation's Needs for Isotopes: Present and Future, August 2008


“Separated” Isotopes from FRIB

Half-life limit set at 1 minute


Thoughts on Isotope Production

•  FRIB will produce nearly 5000 isotopes in useable quantities for nuclear science experiments (usable for nuclear science = quantities of greater than 1/day). Most of these have half-lives below 1 minute.

•  FRIB will produce 1000 isotopes at a time and use only one. There is a tremendous scientific gain if we can use the others. Multi-user capability is an important consideration for FRIB.

–  Isotope applications – Material for radioactive targets – Radioactive material for use in ion sources of other facilities

•  FRIB will likely not be a dedicated production facility, but • By collection of unused isotopes FRIB can deliver research quantities (µCi

to 1000s mCi) of exotic isotopes on an irregular schedule

•  In the longer term FRIB could be upgraded at moderate cost to provide a regular and dedicated source of isotopes with addition of a light ion injector


Upgrade Options for Preferred Alternative

Light ion injector upgrade 3He+, 90 MeV/u

Energy upgrade to 300 MeV/nucleon for all ions

ISOL targets 3He, 300 MeV/nucleon Multiuser capability with light ion injector

Experimental Area double space if science needs it


Summary

•  FRIB will allow major advances in nuclear science and nuclear astrophysics

– Extend our searches for the limits to nuclear stability

– Answer key questions on the nature of the universe (chemical history, mechanisms of stellar explosions)

– Significant opportunities for the tests of fundamental symmetries

– Potential for important societal applications

• Consideration of FRIB’s role is isotope production should happen now (thanks for participating in this symposium)

• Workshop to start to define facility requirements Sep 29-Oct 1 in Santa Fe (see me if you are interested)

Overview of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams -...

Documents

Transcript of Overview of the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams -...