Overview of the biofuel policies and markets across the EU ... · - Biofuel targets: -In 2015, 4...

!

OverviewofthebiofuelpoliciesandmarketsacrosstheEU-28

european renewable ethanol

UpdateJune2016

TableofcontentsExecu>veSummary&KeyDataPoints 3

SummaryTables 6

MemberStatesProfiles

Austria 10

Belgium 12

Bulgaria 14

Croa/a 16

Cyprus 18

CzechRepublic 20

Denmark 22

Estonia 24

Finland 26

France 28

Germany 30

Greece 32

Hungary 34

Ireland 36

Italy 38

Latvia 40

Lithuania 42

Luxembourg 44

Malta 46

TheNetherlands 48

Poland 51

Portugal 53

Romania 55

Slovakia 57

Slovenia 59

Spain 61

Sweden 63

UnitedKingdom 65

Acknowledgements 67

Disclaimer 68

Execu>veSummary&KeyDataPoints

1) Transposi>onofthebiofuelslegisla>onacrosstheEU-28,includingna>onaltargets!- RenewableEnergyDirec>ve2009/28(RED)andFuelQualityDirec>ve98/70(FQD):allMemberStateshavecomplied

with theirobliga5on to transpose the2009REDandFQD,with thenotableexcep5onofPolandandPortugal againstwhichinfringementcaseswereopenbytheEuropeanCommission,andSpainagainstwhichanotherinfringementcasewasopen,forfailuretoimplementthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels.InFinland,theFQDimplementa5onhasbeenputonhold.!

- ILUCamendment:TheamendmenttotheREDandFQDtotakeintoaccountILUC(Direc5ve2015/1513),forwhichthetransposi5ondeadlineis10Sept.2017,hasnotbeentransposedinanyMemberState,exceptinSpainwhereithasbeenpar5allytransposedwiththeintroduc5onofacapof7%oncrop-basedbiofuels.!

- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652layingdownthemethodologyfortheimplementa5onofAr5cle7aoftheFQD(7a implementa5on Direc5ve) has a transposi5on deadline of 21 April 2017. None of the 28 Member States hastransposed itso far,andsomehave indicatedthat theywouldtransposeboththe ILUCDirec5veandthe7aDirec5vetogether(CzechRepublic,Cyprus,Denmark,Finland,theNetherlands,theUK).!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:doublecoun5ngofbiofuels formarketoperators is inplace in16MemberStates,whileSpainandPolandareintheprocessofimplemen5ngthemechanism.ToePURE’sbestknowledge,thosecountriesthatdonothavedoublecoun5ngformarketoperatorsareBulgaria, theCzechRepublic,Germany,Lithuania,Luxembourg,LatviaandSweden.!

- Biofueltargets:- In 2015, 4 Member States did not have any mandatory biofuels incorpora5on (Germany, Estonia, Latvia and

Sweden).24ofthe28MemberStateshadsomesortofbiofuelsincorpora5onobliga5on:- 12hadanoverallbiofuelsincorpora5ontarget.- 7hadplacedadifferen5atedrenewablesobliga5oninpetrolordieselorboth.- 5hadbothanoverallbiofuelsobliga5onanddifferen5atedincorpora5onobliga5onsinpetroland/or

diesel.- In 2016, the picture is expected to remain similar, with the notable excep5on of Spain and Hungary that have

decidedtoabandonthedifferen5atedrenewablesincorpora5onobliga5oninpetrolanddieselinfavourofasoleoverallbiofuelstarget.!

- GHGreduc>ontargetsfortransportfuels:- TransportfuelswillhavetoreducetheirGHGintensityinallMemberStatesthathavetransposedtheFQD.Today,

only Spain andFinlandhavenot fully transposed the FQD. In the caseofGermany, the6%emissions reduc5ontargetsappliesto2020andbeyond.!

- Penal>es- Inthe24MemberStateswherebiofuelsincorpora5onobliga5onsareinplaceandinGermany,fuelsuppliersthat

failtomeettheirobliga5onareliabletoapenaltyorcanpayabuy-outprice.

1

This report seeks to provide a detailed overview of the various na5onal biofuels policies of EUMember States with apar5cularfocusonthecurrentna5onaltransposi5onandimplementa5onstatusoftheRenewableEnergyDirec5ve(RED)and FuelQuality Direc5ve (FQD) and the provision of key relevantmarket data perMember State. TheMember Statesprofileshavebeensplitintotwosec5ons:1/na5onalpolicyframeworkand2/na5onalfuelandbiofuelmarket.Wehavestrivedtoprovideasmanyreferencesandsourcestotheinforma5onthathasbeenprovidedinthisreport.Allunderlinedtextinthereportcontainsaweb-linkthereyoucanaccessdirectlytherelevantlegisla5onorinforma5onsource.


2) AssessmentoftheMemberStatesprogressinreachingthe10%REStarget!ThesecondpartoftheseMemberStatesprofilesprovidesmorequalita5vedataasregardsthewayMemberStatesintendtoreachtheir10%renewableenergysourcesintransport(RES-T)target,andinpar5cularhowbiofuelsuptakehasdevelopedoverthelastyear.Thebenchmarktaken,intheabsenceofanythingmorerobust,weretheNa5onalRenewableAc5onPlans(NREAPs),submieedbytheMemberStatesin2011,andupdatedbysomeMemberStatessincethen.Thees5matesofRESactualuptakeareexpressedinabsoluteenergyterms,hencewithoutapplyingthemul5pliersforAnnexIXbiofuels,electricityinvehiclesandtrains.!- Achieving the 10% RES-T target: the gap between the forecasted renewable energy in transport and the actual

consump5on in the EU 28 has widened over the last years, devia5ng from the trajectory marked by the NREAPs,meaningsteepeffortswillberequiredbyMemberStatesiftheEUistomeetits10%RES-Ttarget.!!!!!!!!!!!!

!!!!!

EU-28RES-Tconsump>onvsNREAPs(ktoe)

NREAP Actuals Difference

2010 15,076 14,156 -920

2011 17,113 14,449 -2,664

2012 18,522 15,358 -3,163

2013 19,126 14,179 -4,946

2014 20,356 15,385 -4,971

Source:NREAPs(2009,2011);MemberStatesprogressreports(2015,2013,2011);Eurostat

EU-28RES-Tforecastvsactualconsump>on(ktoe)

0

8,500

17,000

25,500

34,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

15,38514,179

15,35814,44914,156

32,394

28,95927,309

25,555

23,02221,634

20,35619,12618,522

17,11315,076

RES(NREAPs) ActualRESconsump5on

2


!- Forecastedethanolconsump>onvsactualconsump>on: in thecaseof fuelethanol, theactualuptakehas remained

rela5velyflatfrom2010to2014,around2,750ktoe, inclearcontrastwiththeincreaseforecastedbythe28MemberStates.In2014,thegapbetweentheactualuptakeofethanolandtheforecastedbytheNREAPswasaround1,893ktoe.!

Source:NREAPs(2009,2011);MemberStatesprogressreports(2011,2013,2015);Eurostat!- Inthecaseofbiodiesel,despiteadecreasein2013,themarketuptakehasincreasedsince2010toreach10,960ktoein

2014.

- Source:NREAPs(2009,2011);MemberStatesprogressreports(2011,2013,2015);Eurostat

EU-28Fuelethanolconsump>onforecastedvsactualconsump>on(ktoe)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2,7072,7222,8292,8452,775

7,3246,819

6,3525,853

5,3344,984

4,6004,2354,070

3,810

2,875

Ethanol(NREAPs) Fuelethanolactualconsump5on

EU-28Biodieselconsump>onforecastedvsactualconsump>on(ktoe)

0

5,500

11,000

16,500

22,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

10,9609,890

11,08910,21410,174

20,983

18,57517,742

16,911

15,18514,398

13,72313,02012,636

11,64410,684

Biodiesel(NREAPs) Biodieselactualconsump5on

3

Execu>veSummary&KeyDataPoints- RES incorpora>on rates in petrol and diesel:When put in rela5on with the petrol consump5on, which has been

decliningfrom2010to2013andstabilised in2014,the incorpora5onrateofethanol inthepetrolpoolhas increasedmarginallyfromyear2010to2012andremainedconstantat3.3%sincethen.Thebiodieselincorpora5oninthedieselpoolhasfluctuatedoverthelast5years,andreached5.1%in2014.!

!!Source:NREAPs(2009,2011);MemberStatesprogressreports(2011,2013,2015);Eurostat!!

- Themainreasonforthepetroldiesel imbalanceintheEU(30%-70%oftransportfuelsrespec5vely) istobefoundinMember States energy taxa5onpolicies. This report finds that in allMember States except theUKwherepetrol anddieselaretaxedequally,thetaxa5oninvolumeofpetrolishigherthanthetaxa5onofdiesel.!

EU-28Petrolanddieselconsump>onintransportandrenewablesincorpora>on(ktoe)

0

1.5

3

4.5

6

0

55,000

110,000

165,000

220,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

PetrolDieselEthanolincorpora5onintopetrol(%)Biodieselincorpora5onintodiesel(%)

5.1

4.7

5.3

4.84.8

3.33.33.33.1

2.9

203,186198,360198,223

202,036202,087

80,12480,31583,13889,120

92,843

4.8 4.8

5.3

4.7

5.1

2.93.1

3.3 3.3 3.3

4

!

Execu>veSummary&KeyDataPointsAvailabilityoffuelethanolblends!E10isavailableinthefollowingcountries:Germany,France,Finland,theNetherlandsalthoughinalimitednumberofsta5onswhereitreplacedHydrousEthanol15,andLithuania.

- InGermany,E10hadapetrolmarketshareof15.20%in2014.- InFrance,E10hadapetrolmarketshareof32%in2014.- InFinland,E10hadapetrolmarketshareof61%in2014.- InLithuania,E10hadamarketshareof2.96%in2014.!

E85isavailablein:- Austria,insmallquan55es.- CzechRepublicinabout300petrolsta5ons.- Germanyandissoldat300petrolsta5ons,althoughitsfutureisuncertaingiventheelimina5onofthetax

rebateendof2015.- Hungary,whereitwasintroducedin2007.- Spain,althoughvolumesarenegligibleanddonotreach0.1%ofthepetrolmarketshare.- France,wheresalesin730petrolsta5onshavereached81,081cubicmetres,theequivalentof1%ofthe

petrolmarketshare.- Finland,whereitmakes0.5%ofpetrol’smarketshare.- Italyinafewpetrolsta5ons.- TheNetherlands,insome50petrolsta5ons.- Lithuania;althoughsaleshavedecreasedcon5nuouslysince2010.- Latviainnegligiblequan55es.- Sweden,whereithasbeenonthemarketforseveralyears.Salesin2015haveexperiencedasharpdecrease

to83,607cubicmetres,comparedto150,395in2014.!

5

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Source:NREAPs(2009,2011);MemberStatesprogressreports(2011,2013,2015);Eurostat;ePUREcalcula5ons!

SummaryTables

Ethanol BiodieselHydrogenfromrenewablesources

Renewableelectricity

Others(biogas,veg.oils,

etc)Total

NREAP ActualsDiffere

nceNREAP Actuals

Differe

nceNREAP Actuals

Differe

nceNREAP Actuals

Differe

nceNREAP Actuals

Differe

nceNREAP Actuals

Differe

nce

2010 2,875 2,785 -90 10,684 10,174 -509 1 - -1 1,306 998 -308 211 200 -11 15,076 14,156 -920

2011 3,810 2,845 -964 11,644 10,214 -1,430 1 - 1 1,433 1,201 -232 225 188 -37 17,113 14,449 -2,664

2012 4,070 2,829 -1,242 12,636 11,089 -1,547 1 - 1 1,574 1,225 -349 240 215 25 18,522 15,358 -3,163

2013 4,235 2,722 -1,513 13,020 9,890 -3,130 1 - -1 1,692 1,340 -352 177 227 50 19,126 14,179 -4,946

2014 4,600 2,707 -1,893 13,723 10,960 -2,763 1 - -1 1,823 1,389 -434 209 329 120 20,356 15,385 -4,971

2015 4,984 14,398 1 1,984 267 21,634

2016 5,334 15,185 7 2,171 325 23,022

2017 5,853 16,911 16 2,374 401 25,555

2018 6,352 17,742 22 2,597 597 27,309

2019 6,819 18,575 29 2,826 710 28,959

2020 7,324 20,983 39 3,215 833 32,394

ConsolidatedRESintransportfiguresforEU-28

6

SummaryTables

Na>onalBiofuelTargetsfor2015

Minimumbiofueltargets

Type

Minimumoverallbiofuel

target(%)

TypeBiofuelin petrol(%)

Biofuelin diesel(%)

Austria 3.4 6.3 Energy 5.75 Energy

Belgium 4 6 Volume - -

Bulgaria 7 6 Volume - -

Croa>a - - - 4.5 Energy

Cyprus - - - 2.4 EnergyCzechRepublic 4.1 6 Volume - -

Denmark - - - 5.75 Energy

Estonia - - - - -

Finland - - - 8 Energy

France 7 7.7 Energy - -

Germany - - - - -

Greece - 7 Volume - -

Hungary 4.9 4.9 Energy 4.9 Energy

Ireland - - - 6 Volume

Italy - - - 5 Energy

Latvia - - - - -

Lithuania 5 7 Volume - -

Luxembourg - - - 5.4 Energy

Malta - - - 5.5 Energy

Netherlands - - - 6.25 Energy

Poland - - - 7.1 Energy

Portugal 2.5 - Energy 7.5 Energy

Romania 4.5 5 Volume - -

Slovakia 4.5 6.8 Volume 5.5 Energy

Slovenia - - - 7.5 Energy

Spain 3.9 4.1 Energy 4.1 Energy

Sweden - - - - -UnitedKingdom - - - 4.75 Volume

7

SummaryTables

Na>onalBiofuelTargetsfor2016

Minimumbiofueltargets

Type

Minimumoverallbiofuel

target(%)

TypeBiofuelin petrol(%)

Biofuelin diesel(%)

Austria 3.4 6.3 Energy 5.75 Energy

Belgium 4 6 Volume - -

Bulgaria 7 6 Volume - -

Croa>a - - - 5.6 Energy

Cyprus - - - 2.4 EnergyCzechRepublic 4.1 6 Volume - -

Denmark - - - 5.75 Energy

Estonia - - - - -

Finland - - - 10 Energy

France 7 7.7 Energy - -

Germany - - - - -

Greece - 7 Volume - -

Hungary - - - 4.9 Energy

Ireland - - - 6 Volume

Italy - - - 5.5 Energy

Latvia - - - - -

Lithuania 5 7 Volume - -

Luxembourg - - - 5.15 Energy

Malta - - - 6.5 Energy

Netherlands - - - 7 Energy

Poland - - - 7.1 Energy

Portugal 2.5 - Energy 7.5 Energy

Romania 4.5 6.5 Volume - -

Slovakia 4.6 6.9 Volume 5.5 Energy

Slovenia - - - 7.5 Energy

Spain - - - 4.3 Energy

Sweden - - - - -UnitedKingdom - - - 4.75 Volume

On the ePURE’ website you can find an interactive map that presents a detailed overview of the biofuels targets across the EU 28 Member States from 2010 onwards

Applica>onofthedoublecoun>ngmechanismformarketoperators

9

Overviewofthedoublecoun>ngmechanism

Source:ePURE

RED-FQDtransposi>onAustria!!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoAustrian

legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- Ordinance BGBL.II Nr. 250/2010 (BGBL.II Nr. 250/2010) - transposes the sustainability criteria for biofuels and

bioliquids.Publishedon27July2010,itenteredintoforceon1December2010.- ActBGBL.INr.75/2011BundesgesetzüberdieFörderungderElektrizitätserzeugungausernerbaren- Energieträgern(Ökostromgesetz2012–ÖSG2012).- ActBGBL/IINr.398/2012ÖsterreichischerBiokrarstosericht (BiofuelsOrdinance) - introduces theFQD;double

coun5ngrulesforbiofuels;andthena5onalbiofuelsblendingobliga5ons.!- ILUCamendment:Direc5ve2015/1513,introducingtheILUCamendments,hasnotyetbeentransposed.Thedeadline

to transpose theDirec5ve is 10 September 2017.Discussions areon-going regarding the introduc5onof a 0.5% sub-targetforadvancedbiofuels.!

- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652,implemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD,hasnotyetbeentransposedinAustria.Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Double coun>ng of biofuels: The Biofuels Ordinance enables the double coun5ng of biofuels made from certainmaterials.Wasteisdefinedinthe’Abfallwirtscharsgesetz2002-AWG2002’Nr.102/2002.Decisionsaremadeona‘casebycase’basisastowhichmaterialsareincludedonthelistoffeedstockseligiblefordoublecoun5ng.!

Biofueltargets!Austria has targetsmanda5ng the blending of biofuels, introduced by BGBl. II Nr. 398/2012. In 2015, the overall biofuelstargetwasaminimum5.75%biofuelintransportfuel(inenergycontent).Inaddi5on,therewereseparatetargets(inenergycontent) of at least 3.4% biofuel in petrol and at least 6.3% biofuel in diesel. Austria aims to achieve aminimumoverallbiofuel shareof 8.45% in transport fuel in energy contentby1October2020.A fuel supplier that fails to fulfil thequotaobliga5onsshallpayanadministra5vepenaltyasestablishedintheKrarfahrgesetz1967,Fassungvom04.05.2015.

Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Biofueltargetsandtheirachievement2010-2020(inenergycontent)

MinimumREStargetinpetrol MinimumREStargetindiesel Minimumoverallbiofueltarget

Asperlaw(%) Achieved(%) Asperlaw(%) Achieved(%) Asperlaw(%) Achieved(%)

2010 3.4 unknown 6.3 unknown 5.75 6.582011 3.4 unknown 6.3 unknown 5.75 6.752012 3.4 unknown 6.3 unknown 5.75 6.772013 3.4 unknown 6.3 unknown 5.75 6.19

2014 3.4 unknown 6.3 unknown 5.75 7.70

2015 3.4 unknown 6.3 unknown 5.75 unknown

2016 3.4 6.3 5.752020 - - - - 8.45 -

Source:BGBl.IINr.398/2012;MinisteriumfüreinLebenswertes

Austria

10

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblAuth/BGBLA_2012_II_398/BGBLA_2012_II_398.pdf

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=BgblAuth&Dokumentnummer=BGBLA_2010_II_250

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=BgblAuth&Dokumentnummer=BGBLA_2011_I_75

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007386

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/2002_102_1/2002_102_1.pdf


https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011384&FassungVom=2015-05-04&Artikel=&Paragraf=103a&Anlage=&Uebergangsrecht=

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=BgblAuth&Dokumentnummer=BGBLA_2010_II_250

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokument.wxe?Abfrage=BgblAuth&Dokumentnummer=BGBLA_2011_I_75

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=20007386

https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/BgblPdf/2002_102_1/2002_102_1.pdf


https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/NormDokument.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011384&FassungVom=2015-05-04&Artikel=&Paragraf=103a&Anlage=&Uebergangsrecht=

!

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10isnotcommerciallyavailableonthemarket.E85isavailable but has very low market share. There areonlyabout30petrolsta5onsthatofferE85.

Carfleetcomposi>on(2014)

2%

60%

38% PetrolDieselAlterna5veFuels

Austria

Energyconsumedinthetransportsector

Energyintransportconsumedbyrenewablefuels(ktoe)

Ethanol BiodieselHydrogenfrom

renewablesources RenewableelectricityOthers(biogas,veg.

oils,etc)NREAP Actuals NREAP Actuals NREAP Actuals NREAP Actuals NREAP Actuals

2010 54.00 67.90 276.00 339.00 - - 171.00 193.00 63.00 77.00

2011 55.00 77.00 280.00 333.00 - - 174.00 180.00 64.00 88.00

2012 56.00 77.00 285.00 348.00 - - 176.00 169.00 65.00 64.00

2013 57.00 66.00 291.00 383.00 - - 181.00 170.00 67.00 75.00

2014 59.00 63.00 299.00 356.00 - - 185.00 169.00 68.00 175.00

2015 61.00 n/a 309.00 n/a - n/a 191.00 n/a 71.00 n/a

2016 63.00 n/a 321.00 n/a - n/a 199.00 n/a 73.00 n/a

2017 66.00 n/a 337.00 n/a - n/a 209.00 n/a 77.00 n/a

2018 70.00 n/a 356.00 n/a - n/a 223.00 n/a 81.00 n/a

2019 75.00 n/a 380.00 n/a - n/a 243.00 n/a 87.00 n/a

2020 80.00 n/a 410.00 n/a - n/a 272.00 n/a 97.00 n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2011)

Dieselandpetroluse(inktoe)andbiofuelsshare

Petrol RESinpetrol(%) Diesel RESin

diesel(%)

2010 1,700.30 3.8 5,330.10 6.0

2011 1,639.00 4.5 5,133.10 6.1

2012 1,607.60 4.6 5,154.40 6.3

2013 1,560.80 4.1 5,514.90 6.5

2014 1,529.60 4.0 5,406.80 6.2

2015 n/a n/a n/a n/a

Source:Eurostat;ePUREcalcula5ons

Fueltaxa>onpolicy(2016)ExcisedutyEUR/

1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol<=10mg/kg*482**>10mg/kg*515**

Diesel*a)397*b)425

*Sulphurcontent(mg/kg)**482,00withaminimumbiofuelcontentof46landsulphurcontent<=10mg/kg,otherwise587,00*a)withaminimumbiofuelcontentof66landsulphurcontent<=10mg/kg**b)otherwise

Source:EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jan.2016

Source:ACEA

11

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoBelgian

legisla5on,mainlybythefollowing:- ‘Arrêté royal établissant des normes de produits pour les biocarburants’ of 26November 2011, published on 7

December2011. - ‘Lawof17July2013,publishedon26July2013–introducesna5onalbiofuelsblendingobliga5ons.!

- ILUC amendment:Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed andwill bediscussedintherelevantCabinetinthenextmonths.ThedeadlinetotransposetheDirec5veis10September2017.!

- FQD implementa>on:Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not been transposed andwill bediscussedintherelevantCabinetsinthenextmonths.Thedeadlinefortransposi5onoftheDirec5veis21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Mul5plecoun5ng(including,butnotlimitedto,doublecoun5ng)wasintroducedbyAr5cle2(13°)ofthelawof17July2013.ThereisnolistofeligiblefeedstocksandtheMinistryofEconomyandEnergymakesdecisionsona‘casebycase’basisastowhichbiofuelfeedstocksareeligibleformul5plecoun5ng.!!

Biofueltargets!Belgiumhasdifferen5atedtargetsforthemandatoryblendingofbiofuelsinbothpetrolanddiesel,introducedbytheLawof17 July2013onbiofuelblendingobliga5ons. In2015, thesebiofuels targetsobliged fuel suppliers toblend (involume)atleast4%biofuelsinpetrolandatleast6%biofuelsindiesel.Thereisnooveralltargetforbiofuelsuseinallroadtransportfuel.Afuelsupplierthatfailstofulfilthequotaobliga5onsisliabletopayapenaltyof€900per1,000litreasdeterminedinthelawonbiofuelblendingobliga5ons.TheBelgianCabinethasapprovedtheDrarRoyalDecreeinFebruarywhichincludesasharpincreaseintheminimumblendingobliga5onforfuelethanolfrom1January2017.!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreduce their greenhouse gas intensityby6%by2020.

Belgium

Biofueltargetsandtheirachievement2010-2017(involume)

MinimumREStargetinpetrol MinimumREStargetindiesel

Asperlaw(%) Achieved(%) Asperlaw(%) Achieved(%)

2010 7 6.36 5 4.59

2011 7 6.12 5 4.42

2012 7 6.10 5 4.64

2013 7 6.15 5 4.63

2014 4 4.00 6 unknown

2015 4 unknown 6 unknown


2017* 8.5 unknown unknown unknown

Source:Lawof17July2013;BelgianBioethanolAssocia5on*DrarRoyalDecree

12

http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi/api2.pl?lg=fr&pd=2011-12-07&numac=2011024352

http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/loi_a1.pl?sql=(text%20contains%20(%27%27))&language=fr&rech=1&tri=dd%20AS%20RANK&value=&table_name=loi&F=&cn=2013071706&caller=image_a1&fromtab=loi&la=F



http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi/api2.pl?lg=fr&pd=2011-12-07&numac=2011024352





!

2%

67%

31%PetrolDieselAlterna5veFuels

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are not commercially available on themarket. Likely introduc5on of E10 on the Belgianmarketin2017.


Belgium






2010 37.18 38.20 291.87 304.60 - - 23.84 2.40 - -

2011 35.86 48.00 293.52 290.10 - - 26.76 26.40 - -

2012 43.47 48.00 368.61 298.00 - - 29.85 26.80 - -

2013 41.82 48.00 370.67 282.76 - 0 33.39 31.51 - 0

2014 49.34 36,76 447.27 350.84 - 0 37.44 31.25 - 0

2015 47.42 n/a 449.33 n/a - n/a 47.34 n/a - n/a

2016 55.38 n/a 466.18 n/a - n/a 56.24 n/a - n/a

2017 64.51 n/a 460.99 n/a - n/a 65.51 n/a - n/a

2018 76.29 n/a 556.56 n/a - n/a 75.46 n/a - n/a

2019 83.76 n/a 628.22 n/a - n/a 56.24 n/a - n/a

2020 91.23 n/a 697.91 n/a - n/a 97.19 n/a - n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2013,2011)


1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol

95oct619.1026>=98octlows*619.1026>=98octhighs*634.2379

Diesel>10mg/kg**479.9698<=10mg/kg**464.8345

S*(=sulphuroraroma5clevel),**(sulphurcontent(mg/kg)Source:EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jan.2016;



diesel(%)

2010 1,234.80 3.0 7,347.20 4.0

2011 1,250.60 3.7 7,306.50 3.8

2012 1,164.40 4.0 6,736.80 4.2

2013 1,168.80 4.2 6,678.80 4.1

2014 1,268.50 3.0 6,798.80 5.0

2015 n/a 3.0 n/a n/a


Source:ACEA

13

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainablecriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoBulgarian

legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- RenewableEnergySourcesAct(2011)-transposestheRED,includingthesustainabilitycriteria.- Ordinanceofliquidfuelquality(2011)-transposestheFQDandadoptstheOrdinanceonsustainabilitycriteria.!

- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!

- FQD implementa>on: Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Therearenoseparaterulesincludedinthena5onallawtofacilitatethedoublecoun5ngofbiofuelsmadefromcertainmaterials.!!

Biofueltargets!Bulgaria has differen5ated targets for the mandatory blending of biofuels in both petrol and diesel, introduced by theRenewable Energy Sources Act (2011). In 2015 fuel suppliers were obliged to blend petrol with at least 7% biofuels (involume)anddieselwithatleast6%biofuels(involume).Afuelsupplierthatfailstofulfilaquotaobliga5onisliabletopayanadministra5vepenalty,asdeterminedintheRenewableEnergySourcesAct(2011).!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Bulgaria




2012 3 3 6 6

2013 4 4 6 6

2014 5 5 6 6

2015 7 7 6 6

2016 7 - 6 -

2017 7 - 6 -

2018 8 - 6 -

2019 9 - 6 -

2020 10 - 6 -

Source:RenewableEnergySourcesAct(2011);Almagest

14

http://www.norvegia.bg/PageFiles/551278/LAW%20ON%20ENERGY%20FROM%20RENEWABLE%20SOURCES.pdf

http://www3.moew.government.bg/files/file/Air/Naredbi_Techni_Goriva/NAREDBA_techni_goriva_2011.doc





http://www3.moew.government.bg/files/file/Air/Naredbi_Techni_Goriva/NAREDBA_techni_goriva_2011.doc



!

7%

44%49%

PetrolDieselAlterna5veFuels


Bulgaria






2010 - - 33.00 13.40 - - 3.00 7.50 - -

2011 1.00 - 46.00 - - - 4.00 8.00 - -

2012 3.00 - 64.00 - - - 4.00 6.10 - -

2013 5.00 8.40 85.00 95.50 - - 5.00 6.60 - -

2014 15.00 14.80 110.00 95.90 - - 5.00 8.80 - -

2015 19.00 n/a 140.00 n/a - n/a 7.00 n/a - n/a

2016 22.00 n/a 172.00 n/a - n/a 8.00 n/a - n/a

2017 37.00 n/a 190.00 n/a - n/a 10.00 n/a 2.00 n/a

2018 38.00 n/a 210.00 n/a - n/a 13.00 n/a 4.00 n/a

2019 53.00 n/a 213.00 n/a - n/a 13.00 n/a 5.00 n/a

2020 60.00 n/a 220.00 n/a - n/a 15.00 n/a 7.00 n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015)



diesel(%)

2010 675 - 1,422 0.9

2011 524 - 1,502 -

2012 531 - 1,789 -

2013 424 1.9 1,667 5.4

2014 495 2.9 1,756 5.2

2015

(Jan-

Aug)

332 - 1,237 -

Source:BulgarianNa5onalSta5s5csIns5tute;ePUREcalcula5ons

Fueltaxa>onpolicy(2016)Exciseduty

EUR/1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol* 363.02

UnleadedPetrol(withbioethanolmin4%

vol**351.77

Diesel* 330.29

Diesel(withbiodieselmin4%vol.)** 304.73

Source:*EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jan.2016;**Almagest;data2015

Source:ACEA

15

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are not commercially available onthemarket.

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoCroa5an

legisla5on,mainlythroughthefollowing:- EnergyAct(OGNo.120/2012and14/2014)andActonEnergyAc5vi5esRegula5on(OGNo120/12)-transposes

theRED.- Air Protec5on Act (OG No. 130/11, 47/14) and Regula5on on liquid fuels quality (OG No. 113/13, 76/14 -

transposestheFQD.- ActonBiofuelsforTransport(OGNo.65/09,145/10,144/12,14/14)-transposestransportspecificelementsofthe

FQDandtheRED.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The

transposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!- FQD implementa>on: Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. The

transposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereiscurrentlynoinforma5onavailableonwhetherCroa5ahasdoublecoun5ngrules.!!Biofueltargets!Croa5ahasanoveralltargetfortheminimumblendingofbiofuelsintotradi5onalfuels.ThelegalbasisforthebiofuelstargetsistheNa5onalAc5onPlanforRenewableEnergySources(2013).In2015,fuelsupplierswereobligedtoblendconven5onalautomo5vefuelswithatleast4.5%biofuels(inenergycontent).Afuelsupplierthatfailstofulfilaquotaobliga5onisliabletopayapenalty,asestablishedintheEnvironmentalPenaltyDecree.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transport fuels sold on the market must reduce theirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Croa>a


Minimumoverallbiofueltarget

Asperlaw(%) Achieved(%)

2010 0.6 unknown

2011 1.4 unknown

2012 2.2 unknown

2013 3 unknown

2014 3.8 unknown

2015 4.5 unknown

2016 5.6 -

2017 6.7 -

2018 7.8 -

2019 8.9 -

2020 10 -

Source:Na5onalAc5onPlanforRenewableEnergySources2013

16

http://www.mingo.hr/userdocsimages/energetika/NAP%20OIE_engl.pdf

http://www.hep.hr/opskrba/en/legislation/ENERGY_ACT_%20120_12.pdf

https://www.hera.hr/english/docs/OG_2004_3077.pdf

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cro104988.pdf

http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2011_11_130_2601.html


http://faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/cro105803.doc

http://www.zakon.hr/z/189/Zakon-o-biogorivima-za-prijevoz



http://www.hep.hr/opskrba/en/legislation/ENERGY_ACT_%20120_12.pdf

https://www.hera.hr/english/docs/OG_2004_3077.pdf

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cro104988.pdf



http://faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/cro105803.doc

http://www.zakon.hr/z/189/Zakon-o-biogorivima-za-prijevoz



!

1%

38%

61%



Croa>a






2010* - - 2.60 2.60 - - 8.90 9.50 - n/a

2011 - 1.27 17.40 2,67 - - 9.50 8.05 - -

2012 - 1.27 32.10 35.67 - 0 10.00 8.04 - 0

2013 3.20 1.27 42.40 31.46 - 0 10.60 7.70 - 0

2014 6.50 0 52.60 29.83 - 0 11.10 7.71 - 0

2015 16.20 n/a 55.60 n/a - n/a 11.70 n/a - n/a

2016 16.20 n/a 68.80 n/a - n/a 13.00 n/a 1.00 n/a

2017 16.30 n/a 82.00 n/a - n/a 14.40 n/a 2.10 n/a

2018 23.20 n/a 96.20 n/a - n/a 15.80 n/a 3.10 n/a

2019 16.30 n/a 108.40 n/a - n/a 17.20 n/a 4.10 n/a

2020 16.30 n/a 121.60 n/a - n/a 18.50 n/a 5.10 n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2013,2011) *Eurostat



diesel(%)

2010 678.40 - 1,186.40 0.2

2011 662.40 - 1,167.00 1.5

2012 615.60 - 1,147.60 2.7

2013 601.70 0.2 1,187.40 2.6

2014 554.90 - 1,207.80 2.4



1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol 505.25

Diesel 400.52


17

Source:ACEA


!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legal basis: The RED and the FQD, including the sustainability criteria for biofuels, have been fully transposed into

na5onallegisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- ActN112(I)/2013toprovideforthepromo5onandencouragementoftheuseofrenewableenergy-transposes

theRED.Itwaspublishedon20September2013.- Law N111 (I)/2013 amending the specifica5ons for Petroleum Products and Fuel - transposes the FQD and

sustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels.Itwaspublishedon20September2013.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. At the

beginning of 2016 the discussions on the transposi5on of the Direc5ve will begin. The deadline to transpose theDirec5veis10September2017.!

- FQD implementa>on:Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. At thebeginningof2016thediscussionsonthetransposi5onoftheDirec5vewillbegin.Thedeadlinefortransposi5onoftheDirec5veis21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Cyprusappliesthedouble-coun5ngmechanism.TheMinisterialDecreeforthePercentageofBlendingofConven5onalTransportFuelswithBiofuelsof2013,Κ.Δ.Π.328/2013,providesthattheenergycontentofbiofuelsproducedfromwastes,residues,non-foodcellulosicmaterial,andlingo-cellulosicmaterialshallbeconsideredtobetwicethatmadebyotherbiofuels.!!

Biofueltargets!Cyprushasaminimumoveralltargetforthemandatoryblendingofbiofuelsintransportfuel,introducedbytheMinisterialDecreeforthePercentageofBlendingofConven5onalTransportFuelswithBiofuelsof2013,Κ.Δ.Π.328/2013.Fuelsuppliersareobliged toblend fuelswith at least 2.4%biofuels (in energy content) since2011. Theprovisionof falseormisleadingstatementsregardingcompliancewiththesustainabilitycriteriaconstitutesanoffenceconvictedtoimprisonmentuptofiveyearsortoafineof€85,247orboth.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Intermediate na5onal targets for reducing the carbonintensity of transport fuels will be established by thelegisla5on that will be introduced to transpose Direc5ve2015/652.AspertheFQD,transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Cyprus




2010 2.0 1.93

2011 2.4 2.42

2012 2.4 2.82

2013 2.4 2.60

2014 2.4 2.62

2015 2.4 unknown

2016 2.4 -

Source:Κ.Δ.Π.328/2013;MinistryofEnergy

18

http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/gpo/gpo.nsf/All/A00126D78219D7E9C2257BF1003D5CD8/$file/4717%20%2025%209%202013%20%20PARARTIMA%20%203o%20%20MEROS%20%20I.pdf

http://www.cea.org.cy/TOPICS/Renewable%20Energy/2013/Nomos_APE_2013_1_112.pdf

http://www.cea.org.cy/TOPICS/Renewable%20Energy/2013/2013_1_111.pdf



http://www.cea.org.cy/TOPICS/Renewable%20Energy/2013/Nomos_APE_2013_1_112.pdf

http://www.cea.org.cy/TOPICS/Renewable%20Energy/2013/2013_1_111.pdf



!

1%11%

88%



Cyprus






2010 - - 15.70 14.96 - - - - - -

2011 - - 16.80 16.01 - - 0.05 - - -

2012 - - 18.10 17.00 - - 0.10 - - -

2013 - 0 19.50 14.90 - n/a 0.16 0 - 0

2014 1.30 0 19.60 10.30 - n/a 0.21 0 - 0

2015 2.60 n/a 19.80 n/a - n/a 0.27 n/a - n/a

2016 5.20 n/a 20.20 n/a - n/a 0.33 n/a - n/a

2017 6.60 n/a 21.90 n/a - n/a 0.38 n/a - n/a

2018 8.80 n/a 22.80 n/a - n/a 0.44 n/a - n/a

2019 11.70 n/a 23.10 n/a - n/a 0.50 n/a - n/a

2020 14.70 n/a 23.20 n/a - n/a 0.56 n/a - n/a




diesel(%)

2010 408.70 - 357.40 4.0

2011 403.50 - 344.60 4.4

2012 389.90 - 304.90 5.3

2013 366.50 - 257.90 5.5

2014 359.80 - 258.40 3.6

2015 n/a - n/a -

Source:MinistryofEnergy,Commerce,Industry&Tourism;ePUREcalcula5ons


1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol 479

Diesel 450


Source:ACEA

19


!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandtheFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoCzech

legisla5on,mainlybythefollowing:- Act No. 201/2012 Coll. on Air Protec5on - fully transposes the FQD. This law changed some obliga5ons for

demonstra5ng compliancewith sustainability criteria and also rules for fuel quality. Itwas published on 2May2012andcameintoeffecton1September2012.

- ActNo.180/2005Coll.onthepromo5onofelectricityproduc5onfromrenewableenergysources- GovernmentRegula5onNo.351/2012Coll.-transposedtheREDandsustainabilitycriteria.Itwaspublishedon3

October2012andcameintoforceon1November2012.!- ILUCamendment:Direc5ve2015/1513,introducingtheILUCamendments,hasnotyetbeentransposedandiscurrently

beingpreparedbytheGovernment.Newlegisla5onisexpectedtoenterintoforcein2017.ThedeadlinetotransposetheDirec5veis10September2017.!

- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652,implemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD,hasnotyetbeentransposed.Alegisla5vepackageisbeingpreparedthatwilltransposeboththisDirec5veandtheILUCDirec5ve.Thedeadlinefortransposi5onoftheDirec5veis21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereisnomechanismincludedinthena5onallawtofacilitatedoublecoun5ng.!!Biofueltargets!The Czech Republic has differen5atedtargets for the mandatory blending ofbiofuels in both petrol and diesel,introduced by Act No. 201/2012 Coll. In2015,fuelsupplierswereobligedtoblend(in volume) petrol with at least 4.1%biofuels and diesel with at least 6%biofuels.Fuel suppliers that fail to fulfilaquotaobliga5onshallpayapenaltyofCZK40 for every litre of missing biofuel, asestablishedintheActNo.201/2012Coll.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!There are targets to reduce the carbonintensity of transport fuels containedwithin the theActNo.201/2012Coll.onAir Protec5on: 2% reduc5on of GHGs by2014;4%reduc5onofGHGsby2017;and6%by2020.

CzechRepublic




2010 4.1 unknown 6 unknown






2016 4.1 - 6 -

2017 4.1 - 6 -

2018 4.1 - 6 -

2019 4.1 - 6 -

2020 4.1 - 6 -

Source:ActNo.201/2012Coll

20

http://www.tzb-info.cz/download.py?file=docu/predpisy/download/Z201-2012.pdf

http://www.czrea.org/files/pdf_en/zakony/RES_act_english.pdf

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cze126480.pdf





http://www.czrea.org/files/pdf_en/zakony/RES_act_english.pdf

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/cze126480.pdf





!

5%

33%

62%



CzechRepublic






2010 60.00 n/a 173.00 n/a - n/a 7.00 n/a - n/a

2011 54.00 59.00 221.00 241.00 - - 10.00 8.00 - -

2012 65.00 59.00 251.00 221.00 - - 11.00 9.00 - -

2013 74.00 74 283.00 283.00 - - 14.00 14.00 - -

2014 82.00 67 317.00 317.00 - 0 16.00 16.00 - 0

2015 91.00 n/a 347.00 n/a - 0 17.00 n/a - 0

2016 99.00 n/a 378.00 n/a - n/a 18.00 n/a - n/a

2017 107.00 n/a 409.00 n/a - n/a 19.00 n/a - n/a

2018 114.00 n/a 437.00 n/a - n/a 20.00 n/a 48.00 n/a

2019 122.00 n/a 465.00 n/a - n/a 21.00 n/a 48.00 n/a

2020 128.00 n/a 495.00 n/a - n/a 22.00 n/a 49.00 n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2013,2011) Dieselandpetroluse(inktoe)and

biofuelsshare


diesel(%)

2010 1,868.00 - 3,491.10 -

2011 1,795.90 3.2 3,502.00 6.4

2012 1,674.00 3.4 3,537.80 5.9

2013 1,573.90 3.4 3,584.30 5.8

2014 1,655.90 3.9 4,402.60 5.4

Source:Eurostat;MinistryofIndustry;ePUREcalcula5ons

E85sales(m3)&rela>vemarketshare(2010-2014)Sales Petrol

share(%)2010 800 unknown2011 7,832 unknown2012 15,143 unknown2013 21,623 unknown2014 23,832 unknown

Source:MinistryofAgriculture

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 is not commercially available on themarket.E85 has been introduced on the market and in2015wassoldatmorethan300fuelsta5ons.


1,000litres


Diesel* 402.97

*dieselblendcomprisingnotlessthan30%ofrapeseedoilmethylesterofvolume:reducedrateasof9265CZK/1000litres


Source:ACEA

21

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD, includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposed intoDanish

legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- Execu5ve Order No. 1403 of 15/12/2009 - Bekendtgørelse om biobrændstoffers bæredyg5ghed m.v –

transposestheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels.- ActNo.468of12/06/2009-Lovombæredyg5gebiobrændstoffer-Lawforsustainablebiofuels.- ActNo.1607of22/12/2010-LawamendingtheLawonSustainableBiofuels.- Execu5veOrderNo.1639of16/12/2010-OrderamendingtheOrderonthesustainabilityofbiofuels.- Execu5veOrderNo.843of07/07/2011-amendingtheOrderonthesustainabilityofbiofuels.- LBK nr. 674 of 21/06/2011 - Bekendtgørelse af lov om bæredyg5ge biobrændstoffer og om reduk5on af

drivhusgasserfratransport.ThisisthemainlawthattransposesthetransportrequirementsoftheRED.- Act.No.1498of23/12/2014–thislawallowstotransferasurplusordeficitofupto0.5%percentagepointofthe

mandatoryannualminimumbiofuelstargetof5.75%fromoneyeartothenext.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The

transposi5onoftheDirec5veisexpectedthroughanActofParliamentduring2016-2017.ThedeadlinetotransposetheDirec5veis10September2017.!

- FQD implementa>on: Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. It isexpected that the transposi5on of Art. 7a FQD will probably take place as part of the legisla5ve package toimplementa5ontheILUCDirec5ve.Thedeadlinefortransposi5onoftheDirec5veis21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:There isamechanismincluded inthena5onal lawthatenablesthedoublecoun5ngforbiofuels made from certain materials. Those waste and residue materials that are eligible for double coun5ng areincludedonaposi5ve listwhich includes: straw;bagasse;husks;bellows; thenon-ediblepartof corncobs;nutshells;animal manure; raw glycerin; sulphate pitch; Animal fat category 1; and Animal fat category 2. Used cooking oil isexcludedfromlistofmaterialsthatcanbedoublecounted.!

Biofueltargets!Denmark has a minimum overall biofuel target, introduced byLBKnr.674of21/06/2011.Since2010,fuelsuppliersareobligedtoblendfuelswithatleast5.75%biofuels(inenergycontent).Asupplierthatfailstofulfilaquotaobliga5onshallpayapenalty,whichisfixedbyacourt.ThePoli5calAgreementonEnergyfrom2012s5pulatesthat(1)thelawonbiofuelsshouldbeadjustedsothat biofuels reach at least 10% of energy use in transport by2020and(2)ananalysiswillbeconductedonhowtoachievethe2020target.Inrela5ontothisanalysis,theClimateministryhascompleted an analysis on the various ways to meet the 10 %target in 2020. InMay2016,Denmarkhas announcedplans toset a 0.9% advanced biofuels blending mandate in transportfuelsby2020.


Denmark




2011 5.75 5.75

2012 5.75 5.75

2013 5.75 5.75

2014 5.75 5.75

2015 5.75 5.75

2016 5.75 -

2017 5.75 -

2018 5.75 -

2019 5.75 -

2020 5.75 -

Source:LBKnr.674of21/06/2011;DanishEnergyAgency

22

https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=129358

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/den103622.doc



https://www.retsinformation.dk/forms/R0710.aspx?id=138060


https://www.retsinformation.dk/forms/r0710.aspx?id=167236


http://www.ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/politik/dansk-klima-energipolitik/politiske-aftaler-paa-energiomraadet/energiaftalen-22-marts-2012/Aftale_22-03-2012_FINAL_ren.doc.pdf



http://faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/den103622.doc



https://www.retsinformation.dk/forms/R0710.aspx?id=138060


https://www.retsinformation.dk/forms/r0710.aspx?id=167236


http://www.ens.dk/sites/ens.dk/files/politik/dansk-klima-energipolitik/politiske-aftaler-paa-energiomraadet/energiaftalen-22-marts-2012/Aftale_22-03-2012_FINAL_ren.doc.pdf

!

Source:ACEA


2%

30%

68%


Denmark






2010* 13.00 26.80 18.00 - - - 11.00 10.80 - -

2011* 57.00 47.20 83.00 83.30 - - 12.00 13.20 - -

2012* 98.00 - 147.00 226.60 - - 13.00 18.10 - -

2013 96.00 46.00 148.00 162.00 - - 16.00 14.30 - -

2014 95.00 44.70 149.00 168.70 - - 16.00 16.10 - -

2015 95.00 n/a 152.00 n/a - n/a 19.00 n/a - n/a

2016 95.00 n/a 155.00 n/a - n/a 20.00 n/a - n/a

2017 95.00 n/a 158.00 n/a - n/a 21.00 n/a - n/a

2018 95.00 n/a 161.00 n/a - n/a 23.00 n/a - n/a

2019 95.00 n/a 164.00 n/a - n/a 27.00 n/a - n/a

2020 94.00 n/a 167.00 n/a - n/a 29.00 n/a - n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2013,2011)*Dataforethanolandbiodieselusein2010,2011,2012fromEurostat

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10andE85arebothnotcommerciallyavailableonthemarket.E10 isexpectedtobe introducedinthefuture.

Fueltaxa>onpolicy(2016*)

ExcisedutyEUR/1,000litres

Energy CO2 VAT

Unleaded

petrol547.3 50.7 293.8

Diesel 354.9 54.6 247

Source:DanishOilIndustryAssocia5on(EOF)*AccurateasofJune2016



diesel(%)

2010 1,574.40 1.7 2,648.60 -

2011 1,541.00 3.0 2,573.10 3.1

2012 1,382.00 - 2,310.00 8.9

2013 1,335.90 3.3 2,290.60 6.6

2014 1,322.30 3.3 2,359.00 6.7

2015 n/a - n/a -


23

!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoEstonian

legisla5on,mainlybythefollowing:- OrderNo.452"Estonia'srenewableenergyagendafor2020"-transposestheREDfortheperiod2010-2013.The

legisla5oncameintoforceon1December2011.- Amendmentstothelegisla5veActNo.153-transposestheFQD,includingthebiofuelssustainabilitycriteria.!



- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereiscurrentlynoinforma5onavailableonwhetherEstoniahasdoublecoun5ngrules.!Biofueltargets!Estonia’s legisla5on does not oblige fuel distributors to blend diesel or petrol with biofuels. In November 2014 Estonia'sParliamentrejectedaproposalfromtheEconomyMinistrythat includeda10%biofuelstarget(inenergycontent)by2020withan intermediatetargetfor5%by2016. InMarch2016,theEconomyMinistryhasproposedanewbiofuelquota.Thedrarlegisla5onincludesaminimumrenewableenergycontentof3.3%intransportfuelsalesfor2017,risingto6.5%in2018andthen10.0%in2020.!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Estonia

24

https://titan.riigikantselei.ee/SEIRA.nsf/bd677e59a0009b4ec22570e50038759f/27e0506b24a105bfc225767b00457d71?OpenDocument

https://titan.riigikantselei.ee/SEIRA.nsf/bd677e59a0009b4ec22570e50038759f/27e0506b24a105bfc225767b00457d71?OpenDocument

!

30%

70%

PetrolDiesel


Estonia






2010 - - 0.90 - - - 0.10 0.76 - -

2011 - - 6.90 - - - 0.10 0.90 - -

2012 5.60 - 8.20 - - - 0.10 0.90 0.10 -

2013* 8.40 3.20 11.30 - - n/a 0.20 n/a 0.10 n/a

2014* 10.00 5.80 16.70 - - n/a 0.20 n/a 0.10 n/a

2015 14.00 n/a 20.50 n/a - n/a 0.30 n/a 0.20 n/a

2016 18.00 n/a 26.40 n/a - n/a 0.40 n/a 0.20 n/a

2017 23.00 n/a 32.30 n/a - n/a 0.50 n/a 0.20 n/a

2018 29.00 n/a 38.10 n/a - n/a 0.60 n/a 0.30 n/a

2019 34.00 n/a 44.10 n/a - n/a 0.60 n/a 0.30 n/a

2020 38.00 n/a 51.10 n/a - n/a 0.60 n/a 0.30 n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2013,2011) *Eurostat



diesel(%)

2010 289.00 - 450.60 -

2011 268.00 - 466.80 -

2012 256.40 - 486.00 -

2013 240.70 1.3 483.90 -

2014 241.70 2.3 486.00 -

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are not commercially available onthe market. Fuel E85 was previously sold inEstonia a for short 5me but it is no longeravailableatfuelsta5ons.


1,000litres


Diesel 448.00


Source:ACEA

25

!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheRED,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,hasbeenfullytransposedintoFinnishlegisla5on.

TheFQDtransposi5onhasbeenputonhold,pending theadop5onof themethodology to implementAr5cle7a.TheREDistransposedmainlythroughthefollowinglegisla5on:- ActonBiofuelsandBioliquids(393/2013),publishedinJuly2013.- ActonPromo5onofBiofuelsinTransport(446/2007),amendedon1January2011.- Act on liquid fuels excise duty (29 December 1994/1472) – This lawwas amended to include energy and CO2

componentsforeachfuelblendingcomponentson1January2011.Currentlevelsare€58/tCO2andEurocent1.6MJ(fordiesellikefuelsEurocent0.88/MJ+taxondieselpoweredvehicles).!

- ILUCamendment:Direc5ve2015/1513,introducingtheILUCamendments,hasnotyetbeentransposed.TheMinistriesofEmploymentandEconomy(TEM)andEnvironmenthaveestablishedaworkinggroup,withstakeholders,includingoilcompanies,totransposeandimplementtheILUCDirec5veintolegisla5on.ThefirstWorkinggroupmee5ngtookplaceinDecember20015,withtheplantoproposelegisla5onduring2016andtransposeitin2017.ItisenvisagedthattheILUCDirec5vewillbetransposedinthesamelegisla5onpackagethatwilltransposetheimplemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD.Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!

- FQD implementa>on: Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. TheMinistryofEnvironmenthasbeenworkingontheFQDimplementa5onbutthisisonholdfornow.ItisenvisagedthatAr5cle 7a of the FQDwill be transposed in the same legisla5on package thatwill transpose the ILUC Direc5ve. Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Double coun>ngofbiofuels:There is amechanism included in thena5onal law thatenables thedouble coun5ngofbiofuelsproducedfromcertainmaterials.ThemechanismisintroducedbytheActonPromo5onofBiofuelsinTransport(446/2007) and its subsequent amendments e.g. 1420/2010. The energy content of biofuel will be counted twicetowardstheobliga5onifthebiofuelismadefromwasteorremainsorinediblecelluloseorligno-cellulosematerial.!!

Biofueltargets!Finland has aminimum overall biofuel target. In 2015, fuelsuppliers were obliged to blend their road transport fuelswithat least8%biofuels (inenergycontent).A fuelsupplierthat fails to fulfil a quota obliga5on shall pay a penalty of€0.04/MJ,i.e.€0.84/lforethanoland€1.32/lforbiodiesel.!

Finland




2010 4 unknown

2011 6 unknown

2012 6 unknown

2013 6 ~12

2014 6 23.5

2015 8 unknown

2016 10 -

2017 12 -

2018 15 -

2019 18 -

2020 20 -

Source:MinistryofEmploymentandtheEconomyandFinnishCustoms(Act446/2007);NEOT

26

http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2013/20130393

http://www.finlex.fi/sv/laki/alkup/2007/20070446

http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1994/19941472


http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2013/20130393


http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1994/19941472


!

2%25%

73%



Finland






2010 70.00 71.50 150.00 60.00 - n/a 20.00 n/a - n/a

2011 80.00 88.00 180.00 108.00 - - 20.00 17.00 - 0.10

2012 90.00 90.00 210.00 108.00 - - 20.00 18.00 - 0.30

2013 100.00 66.30 240.00 156.90 - n/a 20.00 19.00 - 0.90

2014 110.00 70.00 270.00 427.70 - n/a 20.00 18.00 - 1.30

2015 120.00 n/a 300.00 n/a - n/a 20.00 n/a - n/a

2016 120.00 n/a 330.00 n/a - n/a 20.00 n/a - n/a

2017 120.00 n/a 360.00 n/a - n/a 30.00 n/a - n/a

2018 130.00 n/a 390.00 n/a - n/a 30.00 n/a - n/a

2019 130.00 n/a 410.00 n/a - n/a 30.00 n/a - n/a

2020 130.00 n/a 430.00 n/a - n/a 40.00 n/a - n/a




diesel(%)

2010 1,531.30 4.5 2,433.20 2.4

2011 1,440.90 5.8 2,454.30 4.2

2012 1,385.50 6.1 2,427.70 4.3

2013 1,417.30 4.5 2,425.50 6.1

2014 1,363.90 4.9 2,108.90 16.9

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are commercially available on themarket.


1,000litres


Diesel* 506.10

Ethanol(1G)** 396.10

Ethanol(2G)** 342.80

FAME(1G)** 378.90

FAME(2G)** 293.60

HVO(1G)** 340.30

HVO(2G)** 252.40

Source:*EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jan.2016;**NEOTdatafor2015

Source:ACEA

27

E10 E85Sales(m3)

Petrolmarketshare(%)

Sales(m3)


2010 n/a n/a n/a n/a2011 1,037,350 48 778 unknown2012 1,150,597 55 6,609 unknown2013 1,186,689 58 8,795 unknown2014 1,215,870 61 9,299 0.5

Source:FinnishPetroleumandBiofuelAssocia5on

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD, includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposed intoFrench

legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- Ordinance 2011-1105 of 14 Sept. 2011 - transposes the RED and FQD, including the sustainability criteria for

biofuels,na5onalbiofueltargetsandsetsanoveralltargetfor10%GHGreduc5onsinfuelsby31December2020.- Decree2011-1468of9Nov.2011,publishedon17January2012appliestheaboveordinance.- Arrêtéof23Nov.2011-prisenapplica5ondel'ordonnancen°2011-1105du14septembre2011etdudécretn°

2011-1468du9novembre2011.- LOIn°2011-12du5 janvier2011portantdiversesdisposi5onsd'adapta5onde la législa5onaudroitde l'Union

européenne.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The

transposi5onprocesswill startbeginonce the“Mul5-annualEnergyProgramme” isfinished.The transposi5onof theDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!


- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:TheArrêtédu21mars2014isthemostrecent legalbasisregardingtherulesondoublecoun5ngbutnewrulesareissuedeachyear.Thefollowingfeedstockscountdoubletowardstheobjec5ves:UCOMEandanimal fats Cat 1 and 2,marcs and lees, non-food cellulosicmaterial, lingo-cellulosicmaterial. There is a cap on theamountofmaterialthatcanbedoublecounted(0.35%ofbiodieseland0.25%ofethanolinenergycontent).!!

Biofueltargets!France has differen5ated targets for the blending of biofuels in both petrol and diesel. The legal basis establishing thena5onal targets isAr5cle 2ofOrdinance2011-1105of 14 September2011. In 2015, fuel supplierswereobliged toblendpetrol with 7% biofuels and diesel with 7.7% biofuels (in energy content). The TGAP (Taxe Générale sur les Ac5vitésPolluantes),apollu5ontax,istobepaidbyfuelsupplierswhodonotcomplywiththeblendingobliga5ons.!!


France


Biofueltargetinpetrol Biofueltargetindiesel Minimumoverallbiofueltarget


2010 7.0 6.07 7.0 6.85 - 6.70

2011 7.0 5.78 7.0 7.07 - 6.84

2012 7.0 5.82 7.0 7.04 - 6.83

2013 7.0 5.66 7.0 7.01 - 6.78

2014 7.0 6.11 7.7 7.72 - 7.45

2015 7.0 unknown 7.7 unknown - unknown

2016 7.0 - 7.7 - - unknown

Source:Ordinance2011-1105of14September2011;SNPAA

28

http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000024562958&categorieLien=id

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=4C51B366C70A277875EB44E5BD6F286F.tpdjo11v_1&dateTexte=?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000024771809&categorieLien=cid

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000024851601

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=32E791FDE0D8F55EDACA345930BCEAD8.tpdjo05v_1?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000023376100&dateTexte=20110622

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000028792576&dateTexte=20151028




http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=4C51B366C70A277875EB44E5BD6F286F.tpdjo11v_1&dateTexte=?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000024771809&categorieLien=cid

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000024851601

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=32E791FDE0D8F55EDACA345930BCEAD8.tpdjo05v_1?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000023376100&dateTexte=20110622

http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000028792576&dateTexte=20151028


!

Source:ACEA

3%

65%



France






2010 550.00 394.00 2,165.00 2,086.00 - - 183.00 155.00 - -

2011 550.00 392.00 2,250.00 2,393.00 - - 192.00 196.00 - -

2012 550.00 418.00 2,350.00 2,424.00 - - 212.00 209.00 - -

2013 550.00 394.00 2,350.00 2,294.00 - 0 221.00 241.00 - 0

2014 550.00 414.00 2,350.00 2,541.00 - 0 240.00 251.00 10.00 0

2015 550.00 n/a 2,375.00 n/a - n/a 260.00 n/a 30.00 n/a

2016 550.00 n/a 2,500.00 n/a - n/a 287.00 n/a 50.00 n/a

2017 575.00 n/a 2,600.00 n/a - n/a 308.00 n/a 80.00 n/a

2018 600.00 n/a 2,700.00 n/a - n/a 335.00 n/a 110.00 n/a

2019 625.00 n/a 2,800.00 n/a - n/a 365.00 n/a 140.00 n/a

2020 650.00 n/a 2,850.00 n/a - n/a 402.00 n/a 160.00 n/a




diesel(%)

2010 8,214 4.6 33,588 5.8

2011 7,804 4.8 34,083 6.6

2012 7,298 5.4 34,122 6.6

2013 7,069 5.3 34,154 6.3

2014 7,073 5.5 34,406 6.9

2015 n/a - n/a -

Source:CPDP;ePUREcalcula5ons

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are commercially available on themarket.

E10 E85Sales(m3)


Sales(m3)


2010 1,379,000 13.00 33,890 0.82011 1,754,000 17.00 48,949 0.82012 2,317,000 24.00 69,194 0.82013 2,714,000 29.00 74,710 0.92014 2,961,000 32.00 81,081 1.02015 3,146,000 33.20 86,353 1.0

Source:CPDP


1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol<95oct* 641.20

UnleadedsubsTtute

petrol**673.90

Diesel 498.1

*Arateisdeterminedforeachregionrangingfrom623,5upto641,2EUR**Arateisdeterminedforeachregion

rangingfrom486,60upto498,10EUR Source:EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jan.2016;

29

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoGerman

legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- §37a Mindestanteil von Biokrarstoffen an der Gesamtmenge des in Verkehr gebrachten Krarstoffs;

treibhausgasminderung(BlmSchG)-transposestheFQD,andinforcesince21July2009.- Regula5on on requirements for sustainable produc5on of biofuels (Biokrarstoff-Nachhal5gkeitsverordnung -

Biokrar-NachV)-transposestheREDandsuitabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,andinforcesince2November2009.- ZehnteVerordnungzurDurchführungdesBundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes(10.BImSchV)-transposestheFQD.!

- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. Thetransposi5onof theDirec5ve is expectedduring2016-2017. Thedeadline to transpose theDirec5ve is 10September2017.!

- FQD implementa>on: Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. It isexpectedthatthetransposi5onofArt.7aFQDwill takeplaceduring2016-2017.Thedeadlinefortransposi5onoftheDirec5veis21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereisnolongeranydoublecoun5ngmechanismincludedinthena5onallegisla5on.!!Biofueltargets!From2010 un5l the end of 2014,Germany had an overall biofuel targetwhichmandated the blending of at least 6.25%biofuel(inenergycontent)inalltransportfuel.Duringthisperiod,differen5atedbiofueltargetswerealsoinplaceofatleast(inenergycontent)2.8%biofuelsinpetroland4.4%biofuelsindiesel,introducedby(BlmSchG§37a).Howeversince2015,theseenergybased targetswere replacedwithagreenhousegasemission reduc5on target for transport fuels (seebelowsec5on).

Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!InGermany,theFQDtargetof6%GHGemissionreduc5onintransportin2020hasbeentransposed,withintermediatestepsof 3.5% reduc5on in 2015 and2016 and4% from2017onwards.Germany applies the6% target to 2020 andbeyond, incontrasttotheFQDobjec5veof“6%by2020”.Underthesenewbiofuelrules,fuelsuppliersthatfailtofulfiltheobliga5onshallpayapenaltyof470€/tCO2eq.

Germany




2010 2.8 4.69 4.4 8.59 6.25 7.08

2011 2.8 4.77 4.4 7.52 6.25 6.58

2012 2.8 5.31 4.4 6.91 6.25 7.08

2013 2.8 6.11 4.4 6.29 6.25 6.96


Source:BImSchG§37a;Quotenstelle

30

https://www.jurion.de/Gesetze/BImSchG/37a

http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bimschg/BJNR007210974.html

http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bimschv_10_2010/BJNR184900010.html







!

Source:ACEA

2%

33%

65%



Germany






2010 639.00 751.00 2,790.00 2,097.00 - 0 219.00 157.00 102.00 64.00

2011 1,187.00 795.00 2,300.00 2,000.00 - 0 245.00 182.00 105.00 34.00

2012 1,145.00 806.00 2,325.00 2,111.00 - 0 272.00 188.00 108.00 58.00

2013 1,103.00 779.00 2,086.00 1,892.00 - 0 307.00 215.00 18.00 47.00

2014 1,060.00 793.00 2,108.00 1,959.00 - 0 338.00 235.00 26.00 55.00

2015 996.00 n/a 2,074.00 n/a - n/a 374.00 n/a 35.00 n/a

2016 950.00 n/a 2,070.00 n/a - n/a 416.00 n/a 49.00 n/a

2017 978.00 n/a 2,987.00 n/a - n/a 463.00 n/a 67.00 n/a

2018 936.00 n/a 2,969.00 n/a - n/a 513.00 n/a 121.00 n/a

2019 896.00 n/a 2,949.00 n/a - n/a 576.00 n/a 184.00 n/a

2020 857.00 n/a 4,443.00 n/a - n/a 667.00 n/a 261.00 n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2013,2011) Dieselandpetroluse(inktoe)andbiofuelsshare


diesel(%)

2010 20,004 3.6 33,249 6.4

2011 19,992 3.8 33,862 6.0

2012 18,857 4.0 34,633 6.0

2013 18,785 3.9 35,696 5.2

2014 18,889 4.0 36,439 5.3

2015 n/a - n/a -

Source:FederalOfficeforEconomicAffairs(BAFA);ePUREcalcula5ons

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are commercially available. E85 isalso commercially available at around 300 petrolsta5ons.ThetaxconcessionforthepercentageofethanolinE85waseliminatedattheendof2015,makingtheprospectsforE85salesuncertain.

E10 E85Sales

(tonnes)


Sales(m3)


2011 1,817,206 9.30 24,863 0.12012 2,618,505 14.20 26,771 0.112013 2,761,350 15.00 17,374 0.072014 2,816,864 15.20 13,098 0.06

Source:FederalOfficeforEconomicAffairs(BAFA)


1,000litres


Diesel 470.40


31

!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandtheFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoGreek

legisla5on,mainlybythefollowinglegisla5on:- Ar5cle1ofL.3851/2010-transposestheRED.- L.4062/2012unitC,OGA’70-transposestheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels.- 316/2010DecisionoftheChemicalSupremeCouncil(OGB’501/2012)-transposestheFQD.!



- Double coun>ng of biofuels: There is a mechanism included in the na5onal law to enable the double coun5ng ofbiofuelsmadefromcertainmaterials,introducedbyAr5cle17ofL.4062/2012.InJMDΔ1/Α/10839/2012(OG1667)thereisalistofthosefeedstocksthatareeligiblefordoublecoun5ng.Feedstockssuchasusedcookingoils,animalfats,animalmanure, non-food cellulosic and lingo-cellulosicmaterials (straw, nutshells, etc.), wastes and residues of agriculture,forestry,aquaculture,etc.,allqualifyfordoublecoun5ng.!!

Biofueltargets!Greece has a mandatory target for the blending of biodiesel intodieselatexactly7%(involume)ofthewholequan5tyofdieselusedin transport in2016, thisobliga5onhasappliedsince2014.Greecedoesnothaveanyspecifictargetfortheuseonbiofuelsinpetrolnoranyoveralltargetforbiofuelconsump5on.Fuelsuppliersthatfailtofulfilthequotaobliga5onareliabletopayapenalty.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Greece

Biofueltargetindieselanditsachievement2014-2016(involume)

REStargetindiesel


2014 7 7

2015 7 unknown

2016 7 -

Source:MinistryofEnvironment,Energy&Climate

32

http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL87SPB1HbULODtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6qSYtMQEkEHLwnFqmgJSA5WIsluV-nRwO1oKqSe4BlOTSpEWYhszF8P8UqWb_zFijBZWJo_qM_e49aAxourUHQvyIP7K2FQdlW68RoKD8rEQ

http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEbA_BZxkczbHdtvSoClrL8_NSNYUWRl5HtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6qSYtMQEkEHLwnFqmgJSA5WIsluV-nRwO1oKqSe4BlOTSpEWYhszF8P8UqWb_zFijO3N0E4dIN3nXeGSMeNmMJt-DsslFAvw-6Otr1iECr0r

http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEbA_BZxkczbHdtvSoClrL8KRVyoNoH5X55MXD0LzQTLf7MGgcO23N88knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx3UnKl3nP8NxdnJ5r9cmWyJWelDvWS_18kAEhATUkJb0x1LIdQ163nV9K--td6SIuVVdB9pqqQmoY8WJ4K5tz4OrR1nxlMpH-yVEdRC6duib

http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEbA_BZxkczbHdtvSoClrL8puV55ZCI0p33U4LPcASlceJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnTy36MacmUFCx2ppFvBej56Mmc8Qdb8ZfRJqZnsIAdk8Lv_e6czmhEembNmZCMxLMtTSY0qBKDbFhKg4Gs84jEmPHitSeuBnRfEtBcZj3L0xK

http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL87SPB1HbULODtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6qSYtMQEkEHLwnFqmgJSA5WIsluV-nRwO1oKqSe4BlOTSpEWYhszF8P8UqWb_zFijBZWJo_qM_e49aAxourUHQvyIP7K2FQdlW68RoKD8rEQ

http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEbA_BZxkczbHdtvSoClrL8_NSNYUWRl5HtIl9LGdkF53UIxsx942CdyqxSQYNuqAGCF0IfB9HI6qSYtMQEkEHLwnFqmgJSA5WIsluV-nRwO1oKqSe4BlOTSpEWYhszF8P8UqWb_zFijO3N0E4dIN3nXeGSMeNmMJt-DsslFAvw-6Otr1iECr0r

http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEbA_BZxkczbHdtvSoClrL8KRVyoNoH5X55MXD0LzQTLf7MGgcO23N88knBzLCmTXKaO6fpVZ6Lx3UnKl3nP8NxdnJ5r9cmWyJWelDvWS_18kAEhATUkJb0x1LIdQ163nV9K--td6SIuVVdB9pqqQmoY8WJ4K5tz4OrR1nxlMpH-yVEdRC6duib

http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wEbA_BZxkczbHdtvSoClrL8puV55ZCI0p33U4LPcASlceJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnTy36MacmUFCx2ppFvBej56Mmc8Qdb8ZfRJqZnsIAdk8Lv_e6czmhEembNmZCMxLMtTSY0qBKDbFhKg4Gs84jEmPHitSeuBnRfEtBcZj3L0xK

!

1%4%

95%



Greece






2010 43.00 0 64.00 128.00 n/a n/a 2.40 3.00 n/a n/a

2011 142.00 0 69.00 20.00 n/a n/a 3.30 3.30 n/a n/a

2012 171.00 0 83.00 24.00 n/a n/a 4.00 3.20 n/a n/a

2013 198.00 0 97.00 23.00 n/a n/a 5.10 5.00 n/a n/a

2014 226.00 0 113.00 30.00 n/a n/a 6.20 6.90 n/a n/a

2015 256.00 n/a 130.00 n/a n/a n/a 7.20 n/a n/a n/a

2016 287.00 n/a 146.00 n/a n/a n/a 8.30 n/a n/a n/a

2017 316.00 n/a 161.00 n/a n/a n/a 9.40 n/a n/a n/a

2018 346.00 n/a 175.00 n/a n/a n/a 12.10 n/a n/a n/a

2019 380.00 n/a 190.00 n/a n/a n/a 14.50 n/a n/a n/a

2020 414.00 n/a 203.00 n/a n/a n/a 16.50 n/a n/a n/a




diesel(%)

2010 3,946.50 - 2,729.90 4.5

2011 3,569.00 - 2,418.20 0.8

2012 3,097.10 - 1,886.40 1.3

2013 2,834.40 - 2,043.10 5.6

2014 2,697.10 - 2,155.00 5.9

2015 n/a - n/a -




1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol<=96.5oct.I.O 670

Unleadedpetrol>96.5oct.I.O 670

Diesel 330


Source:ACEA

33

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoHungarian

legisla5on,mainlybythefollowinglegisla5on:- ActCXVIIof2010onthepromo5onoftheuseofrenewableenergyfortransportpurposesandonthereduc5onof

greenhousegasemissionsfromenergyusedintransport.- ActXXIXof2011ontheamendmentsofenergyacts.- GovernmentDecree343/2010(XII.28)thattransposesthesustainabilitycriteria.- Decree No 42/2010. (XII. 20.) of theMinister of Agriculture on the detailed rules of territorial detachment for

sustainableproduc5onofbiofuels.- DecreeNo36/2010.(XII.31.)oftheMinisterofNa5onalDevelopmentonthecalcula5onofthegreenhouseGas

impactofbiofuelsandbioliquids.- DecreeNo30/2011.(VI.28.)oftheMinisterofNa5onalDevelopmentonthequalityrequirementsofFuels.- DecreeNo1/2012.(I.20.)oftheMinisterofNa5onalDevelopmentonthecalcula5onoftheshareofEnergyfrom

renewablesources.- GovernmentDecreeNo.309/2013.(VIII.16.)ontheguaranteesoforigin- Decree53/2014.(XII.13)-transposestheFQD.!



- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Ar5cle2§paragraph4ofActCXVIIof2010establishesadoublecoun5ngmechanisminthecaseofbiofuelsmade fromwaste,agricultural/forestry residues,non-foodcellulosicmaterialsand ligno-cellulosicmaterials.!!

Biofueltargets!Hungary has an overall target for theminimum biofuels content of fuels. In2015,fuelsupplierswereobligedtoblendconven5onal fuels with at least 4.9%biofuels ( in energy content). Thisobliga5on level was also applied to allpetrol and diesel sold on the market.However, the Hungarian Governmentdecided that from 2016 onwards, theseparateminimumbiofuel targets inbothpetrolanddieselwouldberemoved.Afuelsupplier that fails to fulfil the biofuelobliga5onisliabletopayapenaltyofHUF35/MJ,asestablishedintheActNo.CXVIIof2010.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuelsTransportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Hungary

Biofueltargetsandtheirachievement2014-2020 (inenergycontent)

MinimumREStargetinpetrol

MinimumREStargetindiesel


Asperlaw(%) Achieved(%) Asperlaw

(%) Achieved(%) Asperlaw(%) Achieved(%)

2014 4.9 unknown 4.9 unknown - unknown


2016 - - - - 4.9 -

2017 - - - - 4.9 -

2018 - - - - 4.9 -

2019 - - - - unknown -

2020 - - - - unknown -

Source:MinistryofNa5onalDevelopment

34

http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1000117.TV


http://njt.hu/cgi_bin/njt_doc.cgi?docid=133874.315404

http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1000042.VM

http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1000036.NFM



http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1300309.KOR







http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1000042.VM




http://net.jogtar.hu/jr/gen/hjegy_doc.cgi?docid=A1300309.KOR




!

Source:ACEA

26%

74%

PetrolDiesel


Hungary






2010 34.00 57.00 110.00 119.00 - 6.00 15.00 -

2011 71.00 46.00 122.00 116.00 - - 7.00 18.00 - -

2012 82.00 34.00 135.00 103.00 - - 9.00 17.00 - -

2013 88.00 37.48 138.00 105.69 - - 10.00 1.55 - -

2014* 93.00 60.40 142.00 128.10 - n/a 14.00 n/a - n/a

2015 106.00 n/a 144.00 n/a - n/a 15.00 n/a - n/a

2016 108.00 n/a 163.00 n/a - n/a 16.00 n/a - n/a

2017 129.00 n/a 181.00 n/a - n/a 18.00 n/a - n/a

2018 173.00 n/a 182.00 n/a - n/a 21.00 n/a - n/a

2019 214.00 n/a 185.00 n/a - n/a 22.00 n/a - n/a

2020 304.00 n/a 202.00 n/a - n/a 24.00 n/a - n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2013,2011) *Eurostat



diesel(%)

2010 815.10 6.5 2,413.60 4.7

2011 752.90 5.8 2,342.40 4.7

2012 746.50 4.4 2,244.10 4.4

2013 700.80 5.1 1,985.20 5.1

2014 751.60 7.4 2,278.20 5.3

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 isnotcommerciallyavailableonthemarket.During the first half of 2016 the HungarianGovernment will set up an E10 working groupsoon among the stakeholders which will discussthe introduc5on of the fuel to the market. E85wasintroducedontheHungarianmarketin2007,butthemarketpenetra5onisunknown.


1,000litres


Diesel 352.78


35

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposed.TheREDand

FQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- S.I.No.147/2011–EuropeanCommuni5es(RenewableEnergy)Regula5ons2011-enteredintoforcedon1April

2011.- S.I. No. 148/2011 – Sustainable Energy Act 2002 (Sec5on 8 (2)) (Conferral of Addi5onal Func5ons Renewable

Energy)Order2011–enteredintoforceon1April2011.- Energy(BiofuelObliga5onandMiscellaneousProvisions)Act2010–introducedna5onalbiofuelobliga5ons.- S.I.No.33/2012-EuropeanUnionBiofuelSustainabilityCriteriaRegula5ons2012–cameintoforceon7February

2012.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The


transposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!- Double coun>ng of biofuels: There is a mechanism included in the na5onal law to enable the double coun5ng of

biofuelsmade fromcertainmaterials. Thedouble coun5ngmechanism is provided for in sec5on44G(1)(a) of Energy(BiofuelObliga5onandMiscellaneousProvisions)Act2010.Thereisnolistofeligiblefeedstock,NORAdecidesonacase-by-case basis as to the eligibility of biofuels for double coun5ng. The legisla5on requires NORA to consult with theNa5onal StandardsAuthority of Ireland (NSAI), the Sustainable EnergyAuthority of Ireland (SEAI), the EnvironmentalProtec5onAgency and theMinister for the Environment, Community and LocalGovernment. Sec5on 44Gof theAct(above) s5pulates that those biofuels that are eligible for double coun5ng are generally “considered to be abiodegradablewaste, residue, non-food, cellulosicmaterial, ligno-cellulosicmaterial or algae”. NORA has determinedthatbiofuelsfromPalmOilMillEffluent(POME)areeligiblefordoublecoun5ng.!!

Biofueltargets!Irelandhasanoveralltargetfortheblendingofbiofuelintotransportfuels. In 2015, fuel suppliers were obliged to blend conven5onalautomo5ve fuelswith at least 6.382%biofuels (in energy content).AnobligatedpartythathasnotcollectedsufficientBOSCertstomeetits obliga5on in a givenobliga5onperiod is liable to pay a buy-outchargewhichiscurrentlysetat€0.45perlitre.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Ireland

Biofueltargetsandtheirachievement2012-2016(involumecontent)



2012 4.0 unknown

2013 6.0 unknown

2014 6.0 unknown

2015 6.0 unknown

2016 6 -

Source:NORA:TheBiofuelsObliga5onSchemeAnnualReport2014

36

http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/147/made/en/pdf

http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/148/made/en/print

http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2010/act/11/enacted/en/print



http://www.nora.ie/_fileupload/457-X0143%20-%20BOS%20Annual%20Report%20for%202014.pdf

http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2011/si/147/made/en/pdf





!

2%

30%

68%



Ireland






2010 40.00 30.00 94.00 60.00 1.00 - - 0.57 0.90 2.00

2011 50.00 29.00 117.00 68.00 1.00 - - 0.53 0.90 0.12

2012 60.00 29.00 140.00 56.00 1.00 - - 0.58 0.90 0.08

2013 70.00 29.00 163.00 74.00 1.00 n/a - 0.62 0.90 n/a

2014 80.00 27.00 186.00 90.00 1.00 n/a - 0.65 0.90 -

2015 90.00 n/a 209.00 n/a 1.00 n/a - n/a 0.90 n/a

2016 100.00 n/a 232.00 n/a 7.00 n/a - n/a 0.90 n/a

2017 110.00 n/a 255.00 n/a 14.00 n/a - n/a 0.90 n/a

2018 120.00 n/a 278.00 n/a 20.00 n/a - n/a 0.90 n/a

2019 129.00 n/a 301.00 n/a 27.00 n/a - n/a 0.90 n/a

2020 139.00 n/a 342.00 n/a 37.00 n/a - n/a 0.90 n/a




diesel(%)

2010 1,527.20 1.9 2,303.60 2.5

2011 1,358.90 2.1 2,175.30 3.0

2012 1,282.20 2.2 2,155.70 2.5

2013 1,186.40 2.3 2,281.90 1.9

2014 1,178.90 2.1 2,438.10 2.6

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are not commercially available onthe market. E85 was previously sold at Maxolfuel sta5onsbut these salesdeclined since2011when the Irish Government removed the taxexemp5ononthebioethanolcontentofE85.


1,000litres


Diesel 479.02


Source:ACEA

37

!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD, including thesustainabilitycriteria forbiofuels,havebeen fully transposed into Italian

legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- Legisla5veDecreeNo.28ofMarch3,2011–transposestheRED.- Legisla5veDecreeNo.55ofMarch31,2011–transposestheFQDandthesustainabilitycriteria.- “Des5nazioneItaliaLaw”No.145of23December,2013-introducesthena5onalbiofueltargets.- Decreto10oeobre2014updates thena5onalbiofuel targetsun5l2022. It introducesadefini5onof “advanced

biofuel”andan5cipatestheimplementa5onofAnnexIXofthe’ILUCDirec5ve’.Italsoestablishesaspecifictargetforadvancedbiofuelsstar5ngfrom2018.!



- Double coun>ng of biofuels: Ar5cle 33 of Legisla5ve Decree No. 28 ofMarch 3, 2011, and its latest amendments,introduced double coun5ng in na5onal. There is a posi5ve list that outlines those biofuels produced from wastes,residues,non-foodcellulosicmaterial,and ligno-cellulosicmaterial thatareeligibletobecounteddoubletowardsthebiofuels target. In February 2014 the “Des5nazione Italia Law” No. 145 of 23 December 2013 modified the list ofmaterials eligible for double coun5ngwith addi5onal by-products (residues) that canbeused: glycerinewaters; faeyacids causedbyphysical or chemical refiningofoils; soap faeyacids causedbyneutraliza5on (or “counterac5on”)ofresidualacidicpartofoil;residuesofdis5lla5onreac5onofcoarsefaeyacidsandofglycerine;lubrica5ngvegetableoil,deriva5veoffaeyacids;marcandlees;animalfatsofcategoryn.1and2. Theposi5velistofthematerialsthatcanbeused to produce double coun5ng biofuels, including alsoadvancedbiofuels,hasbeenfurtherupdatedbytheDecreto10oeobre2014.!!

Biofueltargets!Italyhasaminimumtargetfortheblendingofbiofuels.In2015,fuelsupplierswereobligedtoblendconven5onalautomo5vefuelswithat least5%biofuels (inenergy content).A fuel suppler that fails tofulfil aquotaobliga5on is liable topayapenaltyof€750 foreverymissing cer5ficate (10 Gcal) of biofuel set in Decreto 20 gennaio2015.!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Italy




2010 3.5 unknown

2011 4.0 unknown

2012 4.5 unknown

2013 4.5 unknown

2014 4.5 unknown

2015 5 unknown

2016 5.5 -

2017 6.5 -

2018 7.5(1.2*) -

2019 9.0(1.2*) -

2020 10.0(1.6*)

2021 10.0(1.6*)

2022 10.0(2.0*) -

*minimumadvancedbiofuelSource:Federchimica

38

http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:decreto-legislativo:2011-03-03;28

http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2013/12/23/13G00189/sg

http://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2014/10/27/14A08212/sg










!

Source:ACEA

10%

44%



Italy






2010 148.00 122.00 868.00 1,297.00 - - 170.00 68.00 5.00 -

2011 198.00 114.00 969.00 1,286.00 - - 195.00 78.00 9.00 -

2012 238.00 103.00 1,070.00 1,262.00 - - 210.00 84.00 14.00 -

2013 284.00 72.00 1,172.00 1,178.00 - - 228.00 103.00 18.00 -

2014 329.00 8.00 1,273.00 1,055.00 - - 246.00 119.00 23.00 -

2015 374.00 n/a 1,374.00 n/a - n/a 265.00 n/a 27.00 n/a

2016 419.00 n/a 1,475.00 n/a - n/a 284.00 n/a 32.00 n/a

2017 464.00 n/a 1,576.00 n/a - n/a 303.00 n/a 36.00 n/a

2018 510.00 n/a 1,678.00 n/a - n/a 324.00 n/a 41.00 n/a

2019 555.00 n/a 1,779.00 n/a - n/a 346.00 n/a 45.00 n/a

2020 600.00 n/a 1,880.00 n/a - n/a 369.00 n/a 50.00 n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015)



diesel(%)

2010 10,275.90 1.2 22,703.10 5.4

2011 9,908.10 1.1 22,913.10 5.3

2012 8,769.90 1.2 21,910.50 5.4

2013 8,399.00 0.8 21,435.30 5.2

2014 8,494.60 0.1 22,773.30 4.4

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 is not commercially available on themarketbut it is expected that E10 will be introduced.Italy has a few fuel sta5ons selling E85 but thequan55esusedonthemarketareverylow.


1,000litres


Diesel 617.4

*reducedrateforagriculturepurposesisEUR356.916per1000litres


39

!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD, includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoLatvian

legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- TheamendmentstotheEnergyLaw(22September2011)-transposestheRED.- CabinetRegula5onNo545–transposestheREDandtheFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuelsand

bioliquids,theimplementa5onmechanismandmonitoringandcontrolarrangements,adoptedon5July2011.- CabinetRegula5onNo772regardingrequirementsforBiofuelQuality,ConformityAssessment,MarketSupervision

andProceduresforConsumerInforma5on,adoptedon18October2005.- CabinetRegula5onNo332regardingrequirementsforConformityAssessmentofPetrolandDieselFuel,adopted

on26September2000.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The

discussionsonthetransposi5onofDirec5vewillbegininearly2016.Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!

- FQD implementa>on: Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. Thediscussionsonthetransposi5onofDirec5vewillbegininearly2016.Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereisnodoublecoun5ngmechanismincludedinLatvia’sna5onallegisla5on.!!BiofueltargetsTherearecurrentlynona5onalbiofuelstargets.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Latvia

Biofueluse2010-2015(inenergycontent)

Biofuelinpetrol(%) Biofuelindiesel(%)Overallbiofueluseinroadtransportfuel(%)

2010 2.8 2.5 2.6

2011 2.8 2.6 2.6

2012 2.7 2.3 2.5

2013 3.0 2.3 2.5

2014 3.1 2.5 2.6

2015 unknown unknown unknown

Source:CentralSta5s5calBureauofLatvia

40

http://titania.saeima.lv/LIVS10/SaeimaLIVS10.nsf/0/546e8a2f6a4ffc8dc225783f00385754/$FILE/246_Lp10.doc

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6nezQBQvIEmcklaajBFdm44OG8/edit?pli=1

http://www.google.pl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0ahUKEwier4DCgNXKAhXKvxQKHdxBAlwQFggsMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vvc.gov.lv%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fdocs%2FLRTA%2FMK_Noteikumi%2FCab._Reg._No._772_-_Biofuel.doc&usg=AFQjCNERcLyzsbdkZzWKdVQ-v5yHSh4YmQ

http://www.google.pl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0ahUKEwimtf6LgdXKAhUKbRQKHWXABZUQFgg4MAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vvc.gov.lv%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fdocs%2FLRTA%2FMK_Noteikumi%2FCab._Reg._No._332_-_Conformity_Assessment_of_Petrol_.doc&usg=AFQjCNEpz1PYI_g6AkyGaHjriT-xxS8tsQ&bvm=bv.113034660,d.d24

http://titania.saeima.lv/LIVS10/SaeimaLIVS10.nsf/0/546e8a2f6a4ffc8dc225783f00385754/$FILE/246_Lp10.doc

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B6nezQBQvIEmcklaajBFdm44OG8/edit?pli=1

http://www.google.pl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0ahUKEwier4DCgNXKAhXKvxQKHdxBAlwQFggsMAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vvc.gov.lv%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fdocs%2FLRTA%2FMK_Noteikumi%2FCab._Reg._No._772_-_Biofuel.doc&usg=AFQjCNERcLyzsbdkZzWKdVQ-v5yHSh4YmQ

http://www.google.pl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0ahUKEwimtf6LgdXKAhUKbRQKHWXABZUQFgg4MAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vvc.gov.lv%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fdocs%2FLRTA%2FMK_Noteikumi%2FCab._Reg._No._332_-_Conformity_Assessment_of_Petrol_.doc&usg=AFQjCNEpz1PYI_g6AkyGaHjriT-xxS8tsQ&bvm=bv.113034660,d.d24

!

7%

52%



Latvia






2010 14.00 8.30 25.00 18.70 - - 3.00 4.20 - -

2011 16.00 7.70 25.00 16.90 - - 3.00 4.50 - -

2012 17.00 6.40 25.00 15.10 - - 3.00 4.70 1.00 -

2013 18.00 6.30 23.00 12.40 - 0 3.00 4.80 4.00 0

2014 19.00 6.10 22.00 15.90 - 0 4.00 4.50 6.00 0

2015 19.00 n/a 20.00 n/a - n/a 4.00 n/a 10.00 n/a

2016 20.00 n/a 20.00 n/a - n/a 5.00 n/a 19.00 n/a

2017 21.00 n/a 20.00 n/a - n/a 5.00 n/a 27.00 n/a

2018 22.00 n/a 22.00 n/a - n/a 5.00 n/a 31.00 n/a

2019 22.00 n/a 24.00 n/a - n/a 5.00 n/a 31.00 n/a

2020 18.00 n/a 28.00 n/a - n/a 6.00 n/a 31.00 n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015);CentralSta5s5calBureauofLatvia



diesel(%)

2010 278.60 2.9 736.40 2.5

2011 267.00 2.8 635.70 2.6

2012 227.00 2.7 628.50 2.3

2013 205.40 3.0 650.10 1.9

2014 201.30 2.9 688.10 2.3

2015 n/a - n/a -

Source:CentralSta5s5calBureauofLatvia;ePUREcalcula5ons

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 is not commercially available on themarketbut is permieed by Cabinet Regula5on No. 492(21/05/2011).E85isavailableonthemarket.

E85Sales(m3) Petrolmarket

share(%)2010 72 0.022011 157 0.052012 118 0.042013 88 0.032014 73 0.03

Source:StateRevenueService


1,000litres


Diesel 341.00

*Unleadedpetrol:reducedratesforpetrolwhenethanol(70-85%ofvolume)hasbeenadded(EUR131,00per1000litres)


Source:CentralSta5s5calBureauofLatvia

41

http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=232355

http://likumi.lv/doc.php?id=232355

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintoLithuanian

legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- ActonUseofBiofuelsn.2-83(2011)-publishedon3January2011,inforcesince7January2011.- RenewableEnergyLawsec5on7-transposessustainabilitycriteria,inforcesince24May2011.- DecreeNo.1-348/D1-1014/3-742–transposedtheFQD,publishedon22December2010.!

- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. VariousMinistries are currently agreeing the plan dividing responsibili5es of the transposi5on of separate parts of the ILUCDirec5ve.Lithuaniaisplanningtoconductanoverviewstudy(resultsin2016Q2)inordertoanalysethetransportandbiofuelproduc5onsectorandevaluate thepoten5alof reachinganadvancedbiofuel sub-target.At thismoment, theauthori5es find it necessary to assess the state of the technical fleet and poten5al for the feedstock for advancedbiofuels. Transposi5on is expected by June 2017, ahead of the deadline for transposi5on of the Direc5ve on 10September2017.!

- FQD implementa>on: Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. TheMinistryofEnvironmentwillamendtheMinisterialorderNo.D1-262of2011in2016.TherequirementsofAr5cle7aoftheFQDwillbefullytransposedintothisamendedlawbeforethedeadlineoftransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereisnodoublecoun5ngmechanismintroducedinthena5onallegisla5on.!!Biofueltargets!Lithuaniahasmandatorytargetsfortheminimumblendingofbiofuelsinbothpetrolanddiesel.In2015,fuelsupplierswereobligedtoblend(byvolume)petrolwithatleast5%biofuelsanddieselwithatleast7%biofuels.Afuelsupplerthatfailstofulfilthequotaobliga5onisliabletopayapenalty,withthepossiblelossofsaleslicense


Lithuania





2015 5 5 7 7 - unknown

2016 5 - 7 - - -

Source:MinistryofEnergy;Kurana

42

http://www.am.lt/TA/ta.php3?url=http://www3.lrs.lt/c-bin/spec/full/preps2?Condition1=390538&Condition2=

http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter2/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=398874

http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter3/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=389888&p_tr2=2


http://www.am.lt/TA/ta.php3?url=http://www3.lrs.lt/c-bin/spec/full/preps2?Condition1=390538&Condition2=

http://www3.lrs.lt/pls/inter2/dokpaieska.showdoc_l?p_id=398874



!

3%

42%55%



Lithuania






2010 13.00 10.00 42.00 34.80 - - 0.30 1.00 - -

2011 14.00 9.50 43.00 35.40 - - 0.80 0.90 - -

2012 22.00 8.70 53.00 52.00 - - 0.80 0.90 - -

2013 25.00 5.80 65.00 51.30 - - 0.90 1.40 - -

2014 26.00 6.70 67.00 53.90 - - 0.90 1.30 - -

2015 30.00 n/a 79.00 n/a - n/a 1.60 n/a - n/a

2016 32.00 n/a 91.00 n/a - n/a 1.60 n/a - n/a

2017 33.00 n/a 104.00 n/a - n/a 2.40 n/a - n/a

2018 34.00 n/a 119.00 n/a - n/a 2.40 n/a - n/a

2019 35.00 n/a 128.00 n/a - n/a 2.40 n/a - n/a

2020 36.00 n/a 131.00 n/a - n/a 2.50 n/a - n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2013,2011);Sta5s5csLithuania



diesel(%)

2010 306.70 3.2 916.10 3.7

2011 267.70 3.4 934.00 3.7

2012 239.40 3.5 1,008.70 4.9

2013 215.70 3.0 1,039.20 4.8

2014 211.60 3.1 1,205.10 4.6

2015 n/a - n/a -

Source:Sta5s5csLithuania;ePUREcalcula5ons

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10andE85arebothavailableinLithuania.

E10 E85

Sales(m3)


Sales(m3)


2010 2,483.49 0.65 1,907.80 0.502011 14,080.56 4.07 1,412.07 0.412012 12,308.14 3.98 1,220.48 0.392013 9,896.83 3.56 952.81 0.342014 8,202.66 2.96 892.79 0.32

Source:StateTaxInspectorate-MinistryofFinance*datatransformedfromltrtom3


1,000litres


Diesel 330.17


Source:ACEA

43

!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandFQD,includingthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels,havebeenfullytransposedintona5onal

legisla5on,mainlythroughthefollowing:- MemorialAn°228du21.12.2010-transposestheRED.- GrandDucalRegula5onof27February2011,transposesthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels(Ar5cleNo.41).- Amendementsgouvernementauxauprojetdereglementgrand-ducal,adoptedon1July2011.!



- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thestatusofdoublecoun5ngprovisionsinna5onallawisunknown.!!Biofueltargets!Luxembourg has a minimum target for biofuels consump5on in fuels. In 2015, fuels suppliers were obliged to blendconven5onalautomo5vefuelswithatleast5.4%biofuels(inenergycontent).In2016,thistargetwillbe5.15%biofuels(inenergycontent)blendedwithtransportfuels.Fuelsuppliersthatfailtofulfilthequotaobliga5onareliabletopayapollu5ontaxamoun5ngto€1,200per1,000litreofbiofuelsthatwasnotblendedwiththeannualamountofpetrolordieselproductssold,asestablishedintheLoidu17décembre2010.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transport fuels sold on the market must reduce theirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Luxembourg




2014 4.75 unknown

2015 5.40 unknown

2016 5.15 -

Source:Loidu19décembre2014

44

http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/2010/0228/2010A3676A.html

http://eli.legilux.public.lu/eli/etat/leg/rgd/2011/02/27/n1/jo







http://www.legilux.public.lu/leg/a/archives/2014/0065/2014A0685A.html?highlight=

!

2%

66%



Luxembourg






2010 4.70 1.00 36.80 41.00 - - 1.90 2.00 - -

2011 2.70 7.00 21.50 39.00 - - 2.20 2.00 - -

2012 4.00 1.00 31.70 46.00 - - 2.50 2.00 - -

2013 5.50 1.00 44.00 55.00 - - 2.80 2.00 - -

2014 7.20 1.00 58.20 68.00 - - 3.30 2.00 - -

2015 8.80 n/a 71.80 n/a - n/a 3.70 n/a - -

2016 10.00 n/a 81.90 n/a - n/a 4.90 n/a - n/a

2017 12.30 n/a 101.70 n/a - n/a 6.10 n/a - n/a

2018 14.70 n/a 121.90 n/a - n/a 7.50 n/a - n/a

2019 18.90 n/a 157.00 n/a - n/a 8.90 n/a - n/a

2020 23.10 n/a 192.70 n/a - n/a 10.40 n/a - n/a




diesel(%)

2010 359.80 0.3 1,759.60 2.3

2011 368.10 1.9 1,881.30 2.0

2012 358.80 0.3 1,785.90 2.5

2013 326.90 0.3 1,771.70 3.0

2014 313.60 0.3 1,687.50 3.9

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 is not commercially available on themarketandthestatusofE85isnotknown.

Source:ACEA


1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol <=10mg/kg462.09>10mg/kg464.58

Diesel <=10mg/kg335.00>10mg/kg338.3548

*includesclimatechangetaxofEUR20andEUR25per1,000lieersforpatrolanddieselrespec5vely


45

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legal basis: The RED and the FQD, including the sustainability criteria for biofuels, have been fully transposed into

Malteselegisla5on,mainlythroughthefollowing:- Biofuels(SustainabilityCriteria)Regula5on2010(LN553/10)-transposestheREDandthesustainabilitycriteriafor

biofuels.- The Promo5on of Energy from Renewable Sources Regula5ons, 2010 (LN538/10) and Biofuels and Bioliquids

MarketsRegula5ons,2012(LN85/2012)-transposestheRED.- Quality of Fuel Regula5ons, as amended, 2008 (LN44/08) and Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Fuels

Regula5ons,2010(LN556/10)-transposestheFQD.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The


transposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereisaseparatemechanismincludedinthena5onallawtoenablethedoublecoun5ng

of biofuels made from certain materials. For renewable energy obliga5ons in transport, provision 10 of SubsidiaryLegisla5on545.11indicatesthat‘thecontribu5onmadebybiofuelsproducedfromwastes,residues,non-foodcellulosicmaterial, and ligno-cellulosicmaterial shall be considered tobe twice thatmadebyother biofuels’. Thedefini5onofwasteusedistheoneprovidedintheWasteFrameworkDirec5ve2008/98/EC.!!

Biofueltargets!Maltahasabiofuels target that requiresaminimumbiofuelcontent as a percentage of the total energy content of fuelplacedonthemarket.Therearenodifferen5atedtargets. In2015, fuel suppliers were obliged to blend conven5onalautomo5ve fuels with at least 5.5% biofuels (in energycontent). Authorised fuel suppliers have a Subs5tu5onObliga5on as set out in the Sixth Schedule of SubsidiaryLegisla5on423.28‘PetroleumfortheInlandMarket,BoelingofLPGandPrimaryStorageFacili5esandRegula5ons’.Afuelsuppler that fails to fulfil the obliga5on is liable to pay apenalty,aslaidoutinAr5cle34ofthesamelegisla5on!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!The Lifecycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from FuelsRegula5on, 2010 (LN556/10) sets a target for 10% GHGreduc5ons for fuels by 31 December 2020. There areintermediate targets of 2% GHG reduc5ons of fuels by 31December2014and4%reduc5onby31December2017.

Malta




2010 - 0.6

2011 1.5 2.2

2012 2.5 3.5

2013 3.5 3.8

2014 4.5 5.0

2015 5.5 unknown

2016 6.5 -

2017 7.5 -

2018 8.5 -

2019 9.5 -

2020 10 -

Source:SEWCU

46

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlt110146.pdf

http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lp&itemid=21626&l=1

http://justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lp&itemid=22936&l=1

http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lom&itemid=10692

http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lom&itemid=11597&l=1

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098


http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/mlt110146.pdf

http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lp&itemid=21626&l=1

http://justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lp&itemid=22936&l=1

http://www.justiceservices.gov.mt/DownloadDocument.aspx?app=lom&itemid=10692


http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0098


!

Source:ACEA

33%

67%

PetrolDiesel


Malta






2010 1.75 - 1.23 0.50 - - - - - 1.75

2011 2.14 - 1.25 1.80 - - - - - 2.14

2012 2.53 - 1.27 2.90 - - 0.01 0.0018 - 2.53

2013 2.93 - 1.29 3.18 - - 0.03 0.0035 - 2.93

2014 3.34 - 1.30 4.38 - - 0.07 0.0059 - 3.34

2015 3.75 n/a 1.32 n/a - n/a 0.14 n/a - 3.75

2016 4.15 n/a 1.34 n/a - n/a 0.21 n/a - 4.15

2017 4.56 n/a 2.03 n/a - n/a 0.31 n/a - 4.56

2018 4.97 n/a 2.74 n/a - n/a 0.42 n/a - 4.97

2019 5.38 n/a 3.47 n/a - n/a 0.56 n/a - 5.38

2020 5.79 n/a 7.03 n/a - n/a 0.70 n/a - 5.79




diesel(%)

2010 74.40 - 94.10 0.5

2011 74.10 - 90.50 2.0

2012 73.10 - 90.50 3.1

2013 73.50 - 91.40 3.4

2014 74.00 - 94.60 4.4

2015 n/a - n/a -

Source:SEWCU;ePUREcalcula5ons

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are not commercially available onthemarket.TheMalteseauthori5eshaveavoidedE10 because they are worried about vapourpressure and believe E10 would cause vapourpressureabovethatallowedbyEN228duetotheclima5ccondi5onsprevalentinMalta.


1,000litres


Diesel 472.40


47

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legal basis:The RED and FQD, including the sustainability criteria for biofuels, has been fully transposed into Dutch

legisla5on,mainlybythefollowing:- Decision 18April 2011on the rules concerning theuse of renewable energy in transport (knownasDecreeon

RenewableEnergyinTransport)transposestheREDandsustainabilitycriteria.Itcameintoforceon3May2011,intoeffectretroac5velysince1January2011.

- Regula5on No. BJZ2011044006, of theMinister of Infrastructure and Environment ofMay 2, 2011, concerningdetailedrulesforenergyfromrenewablesourcesintransport(TransportControlRenewableEnergy),cameinforceon3May2011,intoeffectretroac5velysince1January2011.

- Law of 24 March 2011 amending the Environmental Management Act, the Economic Offences Act and theElectricityAct,1998thattransposestheRED,theFQDand2009/33/EC.

- Law of 26 September 2014 amending the Environmental Management Act concerning an annual obliga5on ofrenewable energy transport, renewable fuel units and electronic register of renewable energy transport. Itwaspublishedon1January2015.

- Decision25November2014ontherulesconcerningtheexecu5onof5tle9.7RenewableenergytransportoftheEnvironmentalManagementAct(DecreeonRenewableEnergyinTransport2015).Itwaspublishedon1January2015.

- Regula5on No. IenM/BSK-2014/259021, of the State Secretary for Infrastructure and the Environment of 27November 2014, concerning the rules for execu5on of 5tle 9.7 Renewable Energy in Transport of theEnvironmental Management Act and of the Decree on Renewable Energy in Transport 2015 (Regula5on onRenewableEnergyinTransport2015).Itwaspublishedon1January2015.

- Regula5onNoBJZ2011043268,of20April2011oftheMinisterofInfrastructureandtheEnvironment,layingdownrulesconcerningthequalityandsulphurcontentoffuels.

- Decisionof8AprillayingdownthefuelrequirementstoimplementDirec5ve2009/30/EC(knownastheDecreeonFuelPollu5on).Itcameintoforceon27April2011.!

- ILUC amendment:Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The Dutchparliamenthasadoptedamo5onreques5nga5%caponconven5onalbiofuels.AnImpactassessmentofsuchacapisbeingperformed(notpubliclyavailableyet)whichtheeffectoftheintroduc5onofacertainlevelofacap(2%,5%,6%,7%)onachievingthe6%FQDtargetandtheoverall14%REDtargetfortheNetherlands(16%in2023accordingtothena5onal SER Energy Agreement). An advice of Ecofys on a sub-target for advanced biofuels is not publicly available,however a binding sub-target is expected. The transposi5on of the Direc5ve is planned before the deadline fortransposi5onon10September2017.!

- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652,implemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD,hasnotyetbeentransposed.Accordingtoa leeerbytheformerStateSecretaryof InfrastructureandEnvironment,thetransposi5onlegisla5ontoimplementar5cle 7a of the FQD will be proposed simultaneously with the legisla5on to transpose the ILUC Direc5ve. Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Ar5cle16and17ofRegula5onof2May2011enables thedoublecoun5ng forbiofuelsproducedfromcertainmaterials.Theannexestotheregula5onalsocontainsomeaddi5onalrules.Since2013thereisadetailed list containing those feedstocks that can count double and those feedstocks that are ineligible. Biofuelsproducedfromwastes,residues,non-foodcellulosicmaterial,andlingocellulosicmaterialcanbecounteddouble,ifthefeedstock cannot have an alterna5ve use (e.g. for animal feed). Ar5cle 16 of the regula5on contains a defini5on ofresidues.ThefeedstocksinthetablescontainedwithinAnnexIIoftheRegula5on,displaythosefeedstocksthatcountdouble,thosethatdonotandthosethatmaydounderspecificcondi5ons.

TheNetherlands

48

https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/behandelddossier/32357/stb-2011-197?resultIndex=3&sorttype=1&sortorder=4

https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stcrt-2011-8235.html

https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2011-163.html

https://www.parlementairemonitor.nl/9353000/1/j9vvij5epmj1ey0/vjp9d4ui6zzp

http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0035839/geldigheidsdatum_26-11-2015





https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/behandelddossier/32357/stb-2011-197?resultIndex=3&sorttype=1&sortorder=4


https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/stb-2011-163.html

https://www.parlementairemonitor.nl/9353000/1/j9vvij5epmj1ey0/vjp9d4ui6zzp






!

Biofueltargets!Mandatorytargetstoblendatleast3.5%biofuelsinbothpetrolanddieselwereremovedbythelegisla5onthatcameintoforcein2015.However,theNetherlandss5llhasamandatoryna5onalbiofuelstargetthatrequiresfuelsupplierstoensureaminimum level of blending of biofuels into transport fuels. In 2015, fuel suppliers were obliged to blend conven5onalautomo5vefuelswithatleast6.25%biofuels(inenergycontent).Afuelsupplerthatfailstofulfilthequotaobliga5onisliabletopayapenalty.Thelevelofpenaltydependspartlyontheseverityoftheoffenceandpartlyontheactualsitua5onandhowstrongtheincen5veforcomplianceshouldbe.Theenforcementoftheannualobliga5onhasalegalbasisin:Ar5cle5.10,firstparagraph, of the General Provisions Environmental Act (“Wet algemene bepalingen omgevingsrecht”); Chapter 5 of theGeneralAdministra5veAct(“Algemenewetbestuursrecht”);andSec5on18oftheEnvironmentAct(Wetmilieubeheer).

!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

TheNetherlands





2011 3.5 3.78 3.5 4.62 4.25 4.31

2012 3.5 3.99 3.5 4.86 4.5 4.54

2013 3.5 4.07 3.5 5.62 5.0 5.05

2014 3.5 4.12 3.5 6.40 5.5 5.54

2015 - unknown - - 6.25 unknown

2016 - - - - 7.0 -

2017 - - - - 7.75 -

2018 - - - - 8.5 -

2019 - - - - 9.25 -

2020 - - - - 10.0 -

Source:HernieuwbareenergieinNederland2010andNEA

49

https://www.google.pl/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0ahUKEwirqOv72afNAhWC2BoKHTkIBqAQFggeMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.nl%2F-%2Fmedia%2Fimported%2Fdocuments%2F2011%2F35%2F2010-c89-pub.pdf&usg=AFQjCNFuBi4dqJM1sQe8A9aAzDo-7Fp9Gg

!

4%

18%

78%



TheNetherlands






2010 168.00 134.00 139.00 95.00 - - 12.00 25.00 n/a n/a

2011 206.00 151.00 210.00 172.00 - - 14.00 28.00 n/a n/a

2012 202.00 152.00 240.00 194.00 - - 16.00 30.00 n/a n/a

2013 208.00 124.00 280.00 165.00 - 0 19.00 33.00 n/a 0

2014 215.00 128.00 319.00 208.00 - 0 21.00 35.00 n/a 0

2015 217.00 n/a 350.00 n/a - n/a 23.00 n/a n/a n/a

2016 230.00 n/a 391.00 n/a - n/a 33.00 n/a n/a n/a

2017 243.00 n/a 431.00 n/a - n/a 42.00 n/a n/a n/a

2018 256.00 n/a 471.00 n/a - n/a 52.00 n/a n/a n/a

2019 269.00 n/a 512.00 n/a - n/a 62.00 n/a n/a n/a

2020 282.00 n/a 552.00 n/a - n/a 71.00 n/a n/a n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2013,2011) .



diesel(%)

2010 4,161.70 3.1 6,783.20 1.4

2011 4,207.90 3.5 6,791.30 2.5

2012 4,041.80 3.6 6,473.10 2.9

2013 3,930.40 3.7 6,313.00 2.5

2014 3,801.20 4.0 5,730.70 3.5

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 has been introduced, replacing hydrous E15andnot just for thecap5vefleets.However, it isnotyetavailableonlargescale.E85isavailableatabout50sta5ons.


1,000litres


Diesel 484.47


Source:ACEA

50

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDhasbeentransposedintoPolishlegisla5onbutinMay2016theEuropeanCommissionhasdecided

toreferPolandtoCourtofJus5ceoftheEUbecauseofrestric5onstosomeimportedbiofuelsandbiofuelrawmaterials.The infringement case is s5ll open. The FQD, however, has been fully transposed into Polish legisla5on. The relevantlegisla5onthattransposestheREDandFQDare:- Actno.984/2013(Ustawazdnia26lipca2013r.ozmianieustawy–Prawoenergetyczneorazniektorychinnych

ustaw.),enteredinforceonSeptember2013.- Actno.478/2015onrenewableenergy(Ustawazdnia20lutego2015r-oodnawialnychźródłachenergii),entered

inforceon4May2015.- Act no. 457/2014 on biocomponents and liquid biofuels. (Ustawa dnia 21 marca 2014 r. o zmianie ustawy o

biokomponentach ibiopaliwachciekłychorazniektórych innychustaw)thattransposessustainabilitycriteria.Actenteredintoforcein2015.

- Act no. 151/2015 on biocomponents and liquid biofuels (Ustawa dnia 15 stycznia 2015 r. o zmianie ustawy obiokomponentachibiopaliwachciekłychorazniektórychinnychustaw).

- Act.No1088/2014 (Ustawazdnia11 lipca2014 r.o zmianieustawyo systemiemonitorowania i kontrolowaniajakościpaliworazniektórychinnychustaw),inforcesinceOctober2014.ThisimplementstheprovisionofFQDintermsofmonitoringandreducingGHGoffuelsandintroducesB7andtheobliga5ontoinformconsumersonthecontentofbiocomponentsonliquidfuels.!

- ILUC amendment:Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed.Due to theParliamentary elec5ons and changes in the administra5on, the discussion on transposing the ILUC Direc5ve has notstarted.TheEnergyMinistryisplanningaconsulta5oninthesecondhalfof2016.Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!

- FQDimplementa>on:Ar5cle7aoftheFQDhasbeenpar5allyimplementedbytheActno.1361/2015amendingtheactonthesystemofmonitoringandcontrollingofthequalityofthefuels(ustawazdnia24lipca2015r.ozmianieustawyosystemiemonitorowaniaikontrolowaniajakościpaliw).Tocompletetheimplementa5onprocesstheMinistryofEnergymustprepareatechnicalregula5ondefiningthemethodologyforcalcula5ngGHGemissions.Thedrarregula5onwillbesubjecttoconsulta5onsinthesecondhalfofthisyear.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereisnodoublecoun5ngprovisionatpresentbutthePolishGovernmenthaspreparedadrarbill,whichintroducesadouble-coun5ngsystem,thatiss5llto be agreed. Waste and residue materials, including wastesfrombakeryandconfec5onery industries,usedcookingoilandtallow,arelikelytobeeligiblefeedstocks.!!

Biofueltargets!Poland has an overall target for biofuels consump5on in the fuelmarket. In 2015, fuel supplierswere obliged to blend fuelswith atleast7.1%biofuels(inenergycontent).Thisobliga5onismaintainedfor2016andrisesto7.8%in2017and8.5%in2018.Afuelsupplierthatfailstofulfilthequotaobliga5onisliabletopayapenaltythatiscalculatedusingaformulasetinthelegisla5on.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Poland




2010 5.75 5.91

2011 6.2 6.06

2012 6.2 5.32

2013 7.1 5.67

2014 7.1 6.2

2015 7.1 unknown

2016 7.1 -

2017 7.8 -

2018 8.5 -

Source:Regula5onof23July2013ontheNa5onalIndica5veTargetsfor2013-2018;PolishBiofuelsChamber

51

http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20130000984


http://dziennikustaw.gov.pl/DU/2014/0457




https://legislacja.rcl.gov.pl/docs/503/12272708/12291382/12291383/dokument165173.pdf

http://isip.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20130000918



http://dziennikustaw.gov.pl/DU/2014/0457




https://legislacja.rcl.gov.pl/docs/503/12272708/12291382/12291383/dokument165173.pdf

!

Source:ACEA

14%

28% 58%



Poland






2010 279.00 189.00 687.00 698.00 - - 15.00 19.00 - -

2011 299.00 178.76 755.00 535.63 - - 17.00 53.73 - -

2012 308.00 153.93 835.00 635.60 - - 19.00 54.23 - -

2013 330.00 144.10 891.00 603.40 - 0 20.00 58.84 13.00 0

2014 323.00 132.85 958.00 572.50 - 0 22.00 60.72 13.00 0

2015 334.00 n/a 993.00 n/a - n/a 23.00 n/a 26.00 n/a

2016 347.00 n/a 1,058.00 n/a - n/a 24.00 n/a 26.00 n/a

2017 374.00 n/a 1,153.00 n/a - n/a 25.00 n/a 26.00 n/a

2018 398.00 n/a 1,229.00 n/a - n/a 26.00 n/a 66.00 n/a

2019 429.00 n/a 1,348.00 n/a - n/a 27.00 n/a 66.00 n/a

2020 451.00 n/a 1,451.00 n/a - n/a 50.00 n/a 66.00 n/a




diesel(%)

2010 4,243.30 4.3 9,737.00 6.7

2011 4,013.30 4.3 10,200.30 5.0

2012 3,841.40 3.9 9,715.30 6.1

2013 3,659.70 3.8 8,930.30 6.3

2014 3,535.40 3.6 9,153.70 5.9

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 is formally introduced into Polish legisla5onbut,likeE85,itisnotcommerciallyavailable.


1,000litres


Diesel 343.64


52

!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDhavebeentransposedintoPortugueselegisla5onbuttheCommissionhassentPortugalareasoned

opinionurgingthisMemberStatetoensurethefullcomplianceofitsbiofuellegisla5onwiththeREDinApril2016.TheFQD;however,hasbeenfully transposed intona5onal legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- Decree-Law no.117/2010 of 25October 2010, came in force on 1 January 2011 – transposes the sustainability

criteriaforbiofuels.- Decree Law 142/2010 of 31 December 2010 – transposes FQD and introduces mechanism of monitoring of

reduc5onofGHGs.TheDecreeestablishesa10%targetforGHGreduc5onsoffuelsby31December2020.- Ordinance no. 8/2012 of 4 January 2012, approving the regula5on of opera5on of ECS (Coordina5ng en5ty for

complianceofsustainabilitycriteria).- Decree-Lawno.6/2012,of17January2012-thatpostponesthesustainabilitycriteriacomplianceun5l1July2014.!

- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.

- FQD implementa>on: Direc5ve 2015/652, implemen5ng Ar5cle 7a of the FQD, has not yet been transposed. Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.

- Double coun>ng of biofuels: There is amechanism included in na5onal law to enable double coun5ng for biofuelsproducedfromwastes,residues,non-foodcellulosicmaterialandligno-cellulosicmaterial.Thedefini5onof“wastes”isinaccordancewiththeEuropeanWasteDirec5ve.ThroughOrdinanceno.8/2012of4January2012aposi5velistwasintroduced to define “Residues” which can be double counted:manure; olive pomace (arer extrac5on of pomace);grapemarcwithoutalcohol;glycerine(notrefined);cerealstraws;ricestraw;peelfruitss5ff;fruitandothervegetablesunfitforconsump5on;carobpulp;fleshyfruitpulp;sorelho(deproteinisedwheyfromthedairyindustry);brewersspentgrains(originatedfrombreweryindustry).!!

Biofueltargets!Portugalhasaminimumoverallbiofueltargetandabiofueltargetinpetrol,whichhasbeenappliedsince2015.Avolume-basedbiodieselquotahasbeenphased-out from the legisla5on since thebeginningof2015. In2015, fuel supplierswereobligedtoconven5onalautomo5vefuelswithatleast7.5%biofuels(inenergycontent)andspecificallyblendpetrolwithatleast 2.5% biofuels (in energycontent).Afuelsupplierthatfailstofulfiltheobliga5onisliabletopayapenalty between €2,500 and€44,891, as per Decreto-Lei n117/2010.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!The Decree Law 142/2010 of 31December 2010 establishes a 10%target for GHG reduc5ons of fuelsby31December2020.

Portugal

Biofueltargetsandtheirachievement2014-2020

MinimumREStargetinpetrol**

MinimumREStargetindiesel*



2014 - unknown 6.75 unknown 5.5 unknown

2015 2.5 unknown - - 7.5 -

2016 2.5 - - - 7.5 -

2017 2.5 - - - 9 -

2018 2.5 - - - 9 -

2019 2.5 - - - 10 -

2020 2.5 - 7 - 10 -

*volumebased,**inenergycontent Source:Decreto-Lein117/2010

53

https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/2010/10/20700/0478204795.pdf

http://www.iapmei.pt/iapmei-leg-03.php?lei=7932

http://www.lneg.pt/download/4896/Portaria%208%20DR3%20S%C3%A9rie%201%204Jan2012-Aprova%20o%20regulamento%20de%20funcionamento%20da%20Entidade%20Coordenadora%20do%20Cumprimento%20dos%20Crit%C3%A9rios%20de%20Sustentabilidade%20%28ECS%29.pdf

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/por110978.pdf


http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/2010/10/20700/0478204795.pdf


https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/2010/10/20700/0478204795.pdf



http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/por110978.pdf





!

Source:ACEA

2%

51%47%



Portugal






2010 - - 281.00 326.00 - - 20.00 19.00 - 3.60

2011 - - 283.00 4.10 - n/a 23.00 13.50 - -

2012 - 2.70 283.00 4.20 - n/a 26.00 14.60 - -

2013 - 2.00 306.00 9.38 - 0 30.00 15.38 - n/a

2014 - 1.12 308.00 150.30 - 0 34.00 12.35 - n/a

2015 24.00 n/a 405.00 n/a - n/a 37.00 n/a - n/a

2016 24.00 n/a 407.00 n/a - n/a 40.00 n/a - n/a

2017 25.00 n/a 441.00 n/a - n/a 43.00 n/a - n/a

2018 26.00 n/a 443.00 n/a - n/a 47.00 n/a - n/a

2019 27.00 n/a 449.00 n/a - n/a 52.00 n/a - n/a

2020 27.00 n/a 450.00 n/a - n/a 58.00 n/a - n/a

Source:EuropeanCommission;NREAPs(2011);MemberStates’progressreport(2015,2013,2011) *



diesel(%)

2010 1,450.30 - 4,366.00 6.9

2011 1,306.30 - 4,088.20 0.1

2012 1,180.20 0.2 3,789.60 0.1

2013 1,151.80 0.2 3,751.00 6.4

2014 1,144.50 0.2 3,824.10 6.2

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10andE85arenotcommerciallyavailable.


1,000litres


Diesel 402.01


54

!


legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- Law139/2010(amendingandsupplemen5ngLawno.220/2008)-transposestheRED.ItwaspublishedinAugust

2010andcameintoforceon1July2011.- Decision935/2011-transposesthesustainabilitycriteriacomponents.Itenteredintoforceon11November2011

andwasamendedinOctober2012byDecisionNo.918/2012thattransposestheFQD.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The


transposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!- Double coun>ng of biofuels: Ar5cle 1(2) of Decision No. 918/2012 introduces a mechanism to enable the double

coun5ngofbiofuelsproducedfromwastes,residues,non-foodcellulosicmaterialandlignocellulosicmaterial.!Biofueltargets!Romaniahasdifferen5atedtargetsforbiofuelsblendinginpetrolanddiesel.In2015,fuelsupplierswereobligedtoblend(involume)petrolwithatleast4.5%biofuelsanddieselwithatleast5.5%biofuels.In2014,Romania'sGovernmentreducedthebiofuelblendingobliga5onforpetrolfrom5%(involume)to4.5%(involume).Theobliga5onforblendingbiofuelinpetrolwillhoweverbe raised to8.0% (involume) from2018.There isa target foraminimumof10%biofuel inbothpetrolanddiesel from 2020. A penalty charge of RON 10,000-20,000 (approx. €2,200-4,500) is applied to fuel suppliers that do notsubmit the yearly documenta5on on compliance with the quota obliga5on and a penalty charge of RON 30,000-50,000(approx.€6,700-11,200)isappliedifthefuelretailersdonotmeettheprescribedquotain2020,asestablishedbyDecisionNo.935/2011.!!Decarbonisa>on targetsfortransportfuels!Ar5cle 8 of the Decision 928/2012introduces intermediate targets of2% GHG reduc5ons in fuels by 31December 2014 and 4% GHGreduc5ons by 31 December 2017.Thereisanoverall indica5vetargettoreduceGHGemissionsinfuelby10%upto31December2020.

Romania







2016 4.5 - 6.5 -

2017 4.5 - - -

2018 8 - - -

2019 - - - -

2020 10 - 10 -

Source:DecisionNo935/2011,DecisionNo.928/2012;F.O.Licht

55

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/rom115096.doc

http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gi3demrzga/hotararea-nr-935-2011-privind-promovarea-utilizarii-biocarburantilor-si-a-biolichidelor

http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gmzdqnjygi/hotararea-nr-918-2012-pentru-modificarea-si-completarea-hotararii-guvernului-nr-935-2011-privind-promovarea-utilizarii-biocarburantilor-si-a-biolichidelor


http://www.asrm.ro/pdf/noutati_legislative-octombrie-2011/Hot.%20935_2011%20promovare%20utilizare%20biocarburanti%20si%20biolichide.doc.pdf


http://www.legex.ro/Hotararea-928-2012-122830.aspx

http://faolex.fao.org/docs/texts/rom115096.doc

http://lege5.ro/Gratuit/gi3demrzga/hotararea-nr-935-2011-privind-promovarea-utilizarii-biocarburantilor-si-a-biolichidelor




!

3%

32%

65%



Romania






2010 75.00 110.90 149.00 142.43 n/a - 36.10 33.13 n/a -

2011 85.00 24.60 169.00 38.40 n/a - 36.40 39.75 n/a 0.02

2012 94.00 37.00 189.00 141.31 n/a - 35.60 34.51 n/a 0.02

2013 103.00 37.00 206.00 147.40 n/a - 38.50 35.20 n/a -

2014 112.00 39.00 224.00 159.00 n/a - 41.80 37.00 n/a -

2015 121.00 n/a 242.00 n/a n/a n/a 45.40 n/a n/a n/a

2016 129.00 n/a 257.00 n/a n/a n/a 49.10 n/a n/a n/a

2017 137.00 n/a 274.00 n/a 1.50 n/a 51.10 n/a 3.50 n/a

2018 146.00 n/a 292.00 n/a 2.00 n/a 51.80 n/a 4.50 n/a

2019 156.00 n/a 312.00 n/a 2.20 n/a 51.80 n/a 5.50 n/a

2020 163.00 n/a 326.00 n/a 2.40 n/a 52.70 n/a 6.50 n/a




diesel(%)

2010 1,412.30 7.3 3,172.30 4.3

2011 1,345.80 1.8 3,367.00 1.1

2012 1,331.20 2.7 3,582.90 3.8

2013 1,267.80 2.8 3,519.00 4.0

2014 1,354.10 2.8 3,567.70 4.3

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 is not commercially available on themarketandthestatusofE85isnotknown.


1,000litres


Diesel 429.60


Source:ACEA

56


legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- Act no. 136/2011 - this is themain law, amendingAct.No 309/2009 and transposing the RED and FQD. Itwas

publishedon5April2011,andenteredintoforceon1May2011.- Decreeno.271/2011 - transposes theREDandtheFQD, includingsustainabilitycriteriaand targets for reducing

GHGemissionsfromfuels.Itenteredintoforceon1September2011.- Actno. 309/2009on thepromo5onof renewableenergy sources andhighefficiency cogenera5on. Theactwas

publishedon19June2009,andthelastamendmententeredintoforceon1August2015.!- ILUCamendment:Direc5ve2015/1513,introducingtheILUCamendments,hasnotyetbeentransposedbutlegisla5ve

discussionswillbeginin2016.Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!

- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652, implemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD,hasnotyetbeenfullytransposed.Thefulltransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:There isamechanismincluded inna5onal lawthatenablesdoublecoun5ngforbiofuelsmadefromcertainmaterials.TheenergycontentofestersmadefromUCOandfatsortheirmix,fulfillingthebiodieselqualityrequirementsandthesustainabilitycriteria,canbedoublecountedforthepurposesofachievingthetarget.Thisruleisinforcesince1January2014.!!

Biofueltargets!In 2015, fuel suppliers wereobliged to blend (by volume)petrol with at least 4.5% biofuelsand diesel with at least 6.8%biofuels.Inaddi5on,fuelsuppliersw e r e o b l i g e d t o b l e n dconven5onal automo5ve fuelswith at least 5.5 % biofuels (inenergy content). If fuel suppliersfail tomeet the obliga5ons thereisapenalty€2permissinglitreofbiofuel as established by Act no.309/2009Coll.!!Decarbonisa>on targetsfortransportfuels!Decreeno.271/2011setstargetsforreducingGHGemissionsfromfuels.Therearedifferentintermediatestepsofreduc5oninplace:2%GHGreduc5onby2014,and4%by2017and6%by2020.

Slovakia


MinimumREStargetinpetrol*

MinimumREStargetindiesel*

Minimumoverallbiofueltarget**





2014 4.1 6.37 6.8 6.72 4.5 5.73


2016 4.6 - 6.9 - 5.5 -

2017 4.7 - 6.9 - 5.8 -

2018 5.9 - 9.7 - 7.2 -

2019 6.2 - 10.1 - 7.5 -

2020 7.0 - 11.5 - 8.5 -

*volume-based,**inenergycontentSource:Actno.309/2009

57

http://www.atlasoze.sk/legislativa-pdf/Zbierka_zakonov_c._136_2011.pdf

http://www.minzp.sk/files/oblasti/oze/biopaliva-a-biokvapalina/2011-271.pdf

http://www.okte.sk/media/54324/309-2009-218-382-2013-bz.pdf


http://www.atlasoze.sk/legislativa-pdf/Zbierka_zakonov_c._136_2011.pdf





!

5%

32%

63%



Slovakia






2010 15.00 15.10 67.00 66.00 - - 8.00 7.90 - -

2011 16.00 14.60 70.00 97.70 - - 8.00 9.20 - -

2012 17.00 14.50 72.00 71.50 - - 9.00 9.90 - -

2013 19.00 14.80 75.00 79.70 - 0 9.00 10.30 - 0

2014 24.00 22.50 87.00 102.80 - 0 9.00 11.40 - 0

2015 30.00 n/a 107.00 n/a - n/a 10.00 n/a - n/a

2016 33.00 n/a 110.00 n/a - n/a 10.00 n/a 1.00 n/a

2017 38.00 n/a 113.00 n/a - n/a 11.00 n/a 1.00 n/a

2018 65.00 n/a 115.00 n/a - n/a 11.00 n/a 3.00 n/a

2019 65.00 n/a 110.00 n/a - n/a 12.00 n/a 4.00 n/a

2020 75.00 n/a 110.00 n/a - n/a 12.00 n/a 5.00 n/a




diesel(%)

2010 599.50 2.5 1,449.90 4.4

2011 569.90 2.5 1,410.90 6.5

2012 554.70 2.5 1,370.90 5.0

2013 562.70 3.1 1,353.20 5.7

2014 551.60 4.3 1,316.50 7.7

2015 n/a - n/a -




1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol*550.52**514.50

Diesel***386.40 ****368.00

*550.52withbiofuelcontentlowerthanminof4.6%foryear2016**514.50withaminbiofuelcontentof4.6%ormoreforyear2015

***386.40withbiodieselcontentlowerthanminof6.9%ormoreforyear2016 ****368.00withaminimumbiodieselcontentof6,9%ormoreforyear2016


Source:ACEA

58

!

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legalbasis:TheREDandtheFQDhavebeenfullytransposedintona5onallaw,mainlythroughthefollowingregula5ons:

- Regula5on38/2012 - transposes theREDand the FQD, including sustainability criteria for biofuels. It came intoforceonSeptember2012.

- RegulatonNo.74/2011-transposestheFQD.ItwaspublishedinSeptember2011.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The

transposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652, implemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD,hasnotyetbeenfullytransposed.The

fulltransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thestatusofdoublecoun5ngprovisionsinna5onallawisunknown.!!Biofueltargets!As established in Decree 103/2007, Slovenia has an overall biofueltarget. In 2015, fuel suppliers were obliged to blend conven5onalautomo5vefuelswithatleast7.5%biofuels(inenergycontent).Thepenal5es fornotcomplyingwiththeobliga5onrangefrom€10,000to€100,000,asestablishedinAr5cle18oftheDecree.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!TheRegula5on38/2012transposedtheFQDrequirementstoreducelife cycle GHG emissions from transport fuels. There are na5onaltargets for GHG reduc5on of fuels: 2% reduc5on of GHG by 31December;4%reduc5onofGHGby31December2017;and6%by2020.

Slovenia




2010 5.0 unknown

2011 5.5 unknown

2012 6.0 unknown

2013 6.5 unknown

2014 7.0 unknown

2015 7.5 unknown

2016 7.5 -

2017 - -

2018 - -

2019 - -

2020 - -

Source:Decree103/2007

59

http://www.uradni-list.si/1/objava.jsp?urlid=201238&stevilka=1674


http://www.pisrs.si/Pis.web/pregledPredpisa?id=URED4210









!

1%

39%

60%



Slovenia





oils,etc)NREAP Actuals* NREAP Actuals NREAP Actuals NREAP Actuals NREAP Actuals

2010 3.90 3.80 36.60 42.30 n/a n/a 5.40 n/a n/a n/a

2011 4.10 3.80 38.80 0.35 n/a n/a 6.00 4.40 n/a n/a

2012 4.60 5.10 43.30 0.94 n/a n/a 6.20 4.80 n/a n/a

2013 5.30 5.50 50.20 52.40 n/a n/a 6.50 4.10 n/a n/a

2014 6.40 6.00 59.60 36.40 n/a n/a 6.70 3.70 n/a n/a

2015 7.60 n/a 71.60 n/a n/a n/a 7.00 n/a n/a n/a

2016 9.20 n/a 86.30 n/a n/a n/a 7.50 n/a n/a n/a

2017 11.10 n/a 103.80 n/a n/a n/a 8.20 n/a n/a n/a

2018 13.20 n/a 124.20 n/a n/a n/a 9.00 n/a n/a n/a

2019 15.70 n/a 147.40 n/a n/a n/a 9.70 n/a n/a n/a

2020 18.50 n/a 173.70 n/a n/a n/a 10.50 n/a n/a n/a




diesel(%)

2010 600.10 0.6 1,111.10 3.7

2011 582.30 0.6 1,241.30 0.0

2012 525.80 1.0 1,297.30 0.1

2013 478.60 1.1 1,243.40 4.0

2014 447.20 1.3 1,276.90 2.8

2015 n/a - n/a -




1,000litres


Diesel** 462.4

*includesCO2-taxintheamountof€41.47per1000litres **includesCO2-taxintheamountof€44.93per1000litres Source:EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jan.2016

Source:ACEA

60

RED-FQDtransposi>on!- Legal basis: The RED has been transposed into Spanish legisla5on. However, in July 2014 the European Commission

opened an infringement procedure against Spain, on the basis of non-proper implementa5on, for suspending theapplica5onofthesustainabilitycriteria.Thecaseiss5llopen.TheFQDhasonlybeenpar5allytransposed,butthedieselandpetrol specifica5ons (RD1008/2010) and the sustainability criteria (RD1597/2011) forbiofuelswere transposed.SpaintransposedtheREDfullyandFQDpar5allymainlythrough:- SustainableEconomyLaw2/2011,of4March,publishedon4march2011,enteredintoforceon6March2011.- Royal Decree 1597/2011, of 4 November, that regulates sustainability criteria for biofuels and bioliquids, the

na5onalverifica5onsystem,anddoublecoun5ng.TheDecree,waspublishedon5November2011andenteredintoforcethedayarer. ItwasthenmodifiedbyLaw11/2013,ar5cle42.Since1January2016thesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuelsaremandatory.AResolu5onof29April2015fromtheSecretaryofStateforEnergyendsthegraceperiodandstartsthetransitoryperiod,un5lallthedetailsofthena5onalsystemforverifica5onareinplace.

- RoyalDecree1088/2010concerningthetechnicalspecifica5onsofpetrol,dieselandgas-oil,theuseofbiofuelsandthesulphurcontentoffuel,publishedon4September2010,withentryintoforcethedayarer.!

- ILUCamendment:Direc5ve2015/1513,introducingtheILUCamendments,hasnotyetbeentransposed.TheDirec5veispar5allytransposedbyRoyalDecree1085/2015thatintroducesthe7%capforconven5onalbiofuelsforthefulfilmentofrenewableenergyintransporttargetin2020andallowstheMinistryofEnergytosetanindica5vetargetofadvancedbiofuels.Transposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!

- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652,implemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD,hasnotyetbeentransposed.!- Double coun>ng of biofuels: Resolu5on 2nd April 2014 from the Secretary of State for Energy introduces a list of

materialsfromwhichdoublecoun5ngbiofuelscanbeproduced:UCOandanimalfats(category1and2).However,thedoublecoun5ngmechanismisnotopera5vebecausetheCNMChasnotyetestablishedtheprocedurestocontrolthesystemandtheinforma5onthattheeconomicoperatorshavetoprovideinordertobenefitfromdoublecoun5ng.!!

Biofueltargets!In 2015, fuel suppliers wereobliged to blend (in energycontent)petrolwithat least3.9%biofuels and diesel with at least4.1%.Inaddi5ontothesetargets,a minimum overall biofuel targetin 2015 was set for 4.1% (inenergy content). However, theRoyal Decree 1085/2015 setsmandatory overall targets (inenergy)upto2020.Asfrom2016,the specific targets in petrol anddiesel fuel are now removed, inorder to provide the obligatedpar5es with total flexibility. In2016, there is a minimumobliga5on to blend at least 4.3%(in energy content) biofuel in allmotor fuel. Since 2013, thepenalty for not fulfilling theobliga5on is €763/toe, up from€350/toe.

Spain

Biofueltargetsandtheirachievement2010-2020 (inenergycontent)

MinimumREStargetinpetrol

MinimumREStargetindiesel



2010 3.9 4.2 3.9 5.1 5.83 5

2011 3.9 4.3 6 6.7 6.2 6.2

2012 4.1 4.1 7 9.5 6.5 8.5

2013 3.9 3.6 4.1 3.6 4.1 3.6

2014 3.9 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 3.9


2016 - - - - 4.3 -

2017 - - - - 5.0 -

2018 - - - - 6.0 -

2019 - - - - 7.0 -

2020 - - - - 8.5 -

*Theannualdataincludedinthetabledoesnottakeintoaccounttheflexibilitymechanismthatallowsthetransferofbiofuelscer5ficatesfromthepreviousyearandtothefollowingyear.

Source:RoyalDecree1085/2015;APPA

61

http://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2011/03/05/pdfs/BOE-A-2011-4117.pdf

http://www.boe.es/aeboe/consultas/bases_datos/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-17465

https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2013-8187

http://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4772






http://www.boe.es/aeboe/consultas/bases_datos/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-17465








!

2%

56%



Spain






2010 226.00 230.00 1,217.00 1,181.00 - - 96.00 66.00 - -

2011 232.00 225.00 1,816.00 1,466.00 - - 126.00 108.00 - -

2012 281.00 198.00 1,878.00 1,889.00 - - 172.00 114.00 - -

2013 281.00 169.00 1,900.00 552.00 - n/a 182.00 123.52 - -

2014 290.00 186.00 1,930.00 536.00 - n/a 198.00 119.68 - -

2015 301.00 n/a 1,970.00 n/a - n/a 229.00 n/a - n/a

2016 300.00 n/a 2,020.00 n/a - n/a 266.00 n/a - n/a

2017 325.00 n/a 2,070.00 n/a - n/a 307.00 n/a - n/a

2018 350.00 n/a 2,120.00 n/a - n/a 356.00 n/a - n/a

2019 375.00 n/a 2,170.00 n/a - n/a 420.00 n/a - n/a

2020 400.00 n/a 2,313.00 n/a - n/a 503.00 n/a - n/a




diesel(%)

2010 5,695.60 3.9 24,171.50 4.7

2011 5,298.80 4.1 22,658.10 6.1

2012 4,777.60 4.0 20,419.20 8.5

2013 4,666.10 3.5 20,416.10 3.4

2014 4,578.00 3.9 21,227.00 3.7

2015 n/a - n/a -

Source:Eurostat;APPA;ePUREcalcula5ons

Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 is not commercially available on themarketduetothelowethanolfuelmandatethatexistedinSpainpriorto2016,andthelackofinterestofpetrol operators to go beyond the previousobliga5on. The consump5on of E85 has beennegligible:below0.1%ofthepetrolshare.


1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol<98octane424.69(+anaddi5onaldutyofupto48€asregionalcharge)

Unleadedpetrol>=98octane455.92(+anaddi5onaldutyofupto48€asregionalcharge)

Diesel331.00(+anaddi5onaldutyofupto48€asregionalcharge)

Source:EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jan.2016;APPA

Source:ACEA

62

!


legisla5on by amendments to already exis5ng na5onal legisla5on, i.e. Swedish Tax law, Green Cer5ficates law,Environmentallegisla5onetc.,andthefollowing: - The law Lag (2010:598), amended by SFS 2011:1065, Sustainability criteria for liquid biofuels (om

hallbarhetskriterierforbiodrivmedelochflytandebiobranslen)-transposestheREDandthesustainabilitycriteriaforbiofuels.Itwasintroducedon1January2010andcameintoforceon26May2010.

- TheFuelRegula5on(Drvimedelslag)of1May2011-transposestheFQD.!- ILUC amendment: Direc5ve 2015/1513, introducing the ILUC amendments, has not yet been transposed. The

transposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652,implemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD,hasnotyetbeenfullytransposedbutthe

repor5ngandGHGreduc5onrequirementsarefunc5oning.Thefulltransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Doublecoun>ngofbiofuels:Thereisnomechanismtoenablethedoublecoun5ngforcertainbiofuels.!!Biofueltargets!Sweden does not have overall nor differen5ated biofueltargets. However, discussions are ongoing about seíng anoverall biofuel target of at least 10% (by volume) anddifferen5atedbiofueltargetsin2020.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transport fuels sold on the market must reduce theirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

Sweden

Biofueluse2011-2015(inenergycontent)

Biofuelinpetrol(%)

Biofuelindiesel(%)

Overallbiofueluseinroad

transportfuel(%)2011 4.7 5.2 unknown

2012 4.6 7.5 unknown

2013 5.1 12.0 unknown

2014 5.0 13.0 unknown

2015 unknown unknown unknown

Source:ePURE

63

http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Forslag/Propositioner-och-skrivelser/Inforande-av-hallbarhetsbesked_GY03152/

http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Lagar/Svenskforfattningssamling/sfs_sfs-2011-319/

http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Forslag/Propositioner-och-skrivelser/Inforande-av-hallbarhetsbesked_GY03152/

http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Lagar/Svenskforfattningssamling/sfs_sfs-2011-319/

!

7%

27%

66%



Sweden






2010 251.00 203.00 89.00 178.00 - - 147.00 140.00 40.00 49.00

2011 273.00 197.00 105.00 215.00 - n/a 152.00 132.00 46.00 62.00

2012 294.00 197.00 122.00 331.00 - n/a 157.00 129.00 51.00 69.00

2013 315.00 177.00 138.00 575.00 - n/a 162.00 142.00 56.00 75.00

2014 337.00 163.00 154.00 735.00 - n/a 168.00 135.00 62.00 87.00

2015 358.00 n/a 170.00 n/a - n/a 173.00 n/a 67.00 n/a

2016 379.00 n/a 186.00 n/a - n/a 178.00 n/a 73.00 n/a

2017 401.00 n/a 202.00 n/a - n/a 183.00 n/a 78.00 n/a

2018 422.00 n/a 219.00 n/a - n/a 188.00 n/a 83.00 n/a

2019 443.00 n/a 235.00 n/a - n/a 193.00 n/a 89.00 n/a

2020 465.00 n/a 251.00 n/a - n/a 198.00 n/a 94.00 n/a




diesel(%)

2010 3,320.20 5.8 3,652.90 4.6

2011 3,057.50 6.1 3,743.00 5.4

2012 2,776.50 6.6 3,744.10 8.1

2013 2,661.70 6.2 3,746.10 13.3

2014 2,850.50 5.4 3,668.20 16.7

2015 3,320.20 - 3,652.90 -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 isnotyetavailablebut it is scheduled tobeintroduced in 2016-17. E85 has been on themarketforseveralyears.

E85

Sales(m3) Petrolmarketshare(%)

2010 195,024 4.302011 220,466 5.202012 218,586 5.602013 171,499 4.702014 150,395 4.202015 83,607 2.85Source:SwedishPetroleumandBiofuelsIns5tute


1,000litres

Unleadedpetrol

Class1a-482.11Class1b-673.04Class2-676.24

Diesel

Class1-592.93Class2-622.69Class3-638.16

1a*includesCO2-tax Source:EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jan.2016;

Source:Sta5s5csSweden

64


legisla5on.TheREDandFQDweretransposedthroughseveralpiecesoflegisla5on,themostrelevantbeing:- Promo5on of the Use of Energy from Renewable Sources Regula5ons 2011 No. 243, transposing the RED.

RenewableTransportFuelObliga5ons (RTFO)(Amendment)Order2011No.2937, transposing theRED, includingsustainabilitycriteria,revisedon15December2011.

- RenewablesObliga5on(Amendment)Order2011,No.984,transposingtheRED.Itcameintoforceon1April2011.- RTFO(Amendment)Order2013No.816,transposingtheRED.Itcameintoforceon8April2013.- MotorFuel(RoadVehicleandMobileMachinery)GreenhouseGasEmissionsRepor5ngRegula5onsNo(2012)No.

3030,transposingtheFQD.!TheoriginalRTFOOrderwaspassed in2007.TherehavebeensubsequentamendmentOrders in2009,2011,2013,and2015.!

- ILUCamendment:Direc5ve2015/1513,introducingtheILUCamendments,hasnotyetbeentransposedbutstakeholderconsulta5onsareunderwayaroundissuessuchastheadvancedbiofuelssub-target,thelevelofthecropcap,andthepossibleintroduc5onofE10.Aformalpublicconsulta5onwilloccurinsummer2016.Itisexpectedthatdrarlegisla5onwillbedebatedinParliamentinautumn2016andthetransposi5onlegisla5on,ifagreed,willformallycomeintoeffectinApril2017.Thetransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon10September2017.!

- FQDimplementa>on:Direc5ve2015/652,implemen5ngAr5cle7aoftheFQD,hasnotyetbeenfullytransposed.Therewillbeamajorpublicconsulta5oninearlysummer2016anddrarlegisla5onwillbedebatedinParliamentinautumn2016andthelegisla5vechanges,ifagreed,willcomeintoeffectinApril2017.Thetransposi5onlegisla5onwillcomeviachangestothecurrentGHGRepor5ngRegula5ons.Theintroduc5onofanewGHGobliga5onthatwillrunalongsidethevolume obliga5on in the RTFO is likely to be introduced in those Regula5ons for 2018/19 and 2019/20. The fulltransposi5onoftheDirec5veisplannedbeforethedeadlinefortransposi5onon21April2017.!

- Double coun>ng of biofuels: There is amechanism to enable the double coun5ng of biofuelsmade from qualifyingwastesand residues. Tables2-4of theRTFOGuidanceNote (2013)providea listof feedstock that can countdouble:Arboricultural residues, bagasse, cobs, forestry residues, husks, nut shells, straw, brown grease, crude glycerine, foodwaste, lowgradestarchslurry,manure,organicmunicipalsolidwaste,palmoilmilleffluent, renewablecomponentofend-of-life tyres, soapstockacidoil contaminatedwithsulphur, spentbleachedearth; sugarbeet tops, tails, chipsandprocess water; tall oil pitch, tallow (processed animal fats), used cooking oil, waste pressings from produc5on ofvegetableoils,wastewood,miscanthus,shortrota5oncoppice.!!

Biofueltargets!TheUKhasanoverallbiofuel target. In2015, fuel suppliersofwereobliged toblendconven5onalautomo5vefuelswithatleast4.75%biofuels(byvolume).Aformal consulta5on will take place in early-mid 2016 to review the biofueltargets.Fuelsupplierswhodonotmeettheobliga5onareliabletoapenalty.Thecalcula5onofthepenaltydependsontheamountoftheshorìallinreachingthesupplier’sobliga5onmul5pliedbythebuy-outpriceof35penceperlitre,assetoutintheRTFOOrder2007.!!Decarbonisa>ontargetsfortransportfuels!Transportfuelssoldonthemarketmustreducetheirgreenhousegasintensityby6%by2020.

UnitedKingdom


(byvolume) Minimumoverallbiofueltarget

Asperlaw(%) Achieved*(%)

2010 3.5 3.1

2011 4.0 2.7

2012 4.5 3.7

2013 4.75 4.4

2014 4.75 4.8

2015 4.75 unknown

2016 4.75 -

*Takesintoaccountdoublecoun5ngSource:DepartmentforTransport;Department

forEnergyandClimateChange

65

http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2011/243/contents/made





https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/397476/List_of_wastes_and_residues_year_7_7.3.pdf






https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/397476/List_of_wastes_and_residues_year_7_7.3.pdf

36%

64%

PetrolDiesel


UnitedKingdom






2010 135.00 321.00 861.00 829.00 - - 136.00 58.00 - -

2011 179.00 330.00 1,135.00 635.00 - - 146.00 66.00 - 4.00

2012 217.00 387.00 1,376.00 471.00 - - 156.00 69.00 - 24.00

2013 244.00 411.00 1,544.00 608.00 - n/a 167.00 80.00 - 29.00

2014 471.00 410.00 1,682.00 758.00 - n/a 179.00 86.00 - 11.00

2015 692.00 n/a 1,818.00 n/a - n/a 192.00 n/a - n/a

2016 909.00 n/a 1,952.00 n/a - n/a 205.00 n/a - n/a

2017 1,121.00 n/a 2,084.00 n/a - n/a 219.00 n/a - n/a

2018 1,331.00 n/a 2,213.00 n/a - n/a 234.00 n/a - n/a

2019 1,538.00 n/a 2,339.00 n/a - n/a 250.00 n/a - n/a

2020 1,743.00 n/a 2,462.00 n/a - n/a 267.00 n/a - n/a




diesel(%)

2010 15,598.00 2.0 22,482.80 3.6

2011 14,850.80 2.2 22,750.70 2.7

2012 14,153.50 2.7 23,471.10 2.0

2013 13,450.00 3.0 23,849.30 2.5

2014 13,185.10 3.0 24,472.20 3.0

2015 n/a - n/a -


Fuelethanolblendsavailableonthemarket(E10andE85)E10 and E85 are not commercially available onthemarket.E10maybe introduced in2017.TheDepartmentofTransporthassetupastakeholderconsulta5ve forum looking at various transportop5ons,includingtheintroduc5onofE10.


1,000litres


Diesel 674.15

Source:EuropeanCommission,Excisedutytable,Jul.2015

Source:DepartmentofTransport

66

ePUREwould like to thank the followingpeople for their assistance inpreparing this report and for sharing theirexper5se:!- DovilėAlmanyte,HeadofUnit,MinistryofEnergyoftheRepublicofLithuaniaMinistry(Lithuania)

- BeatrizAlvarez,PolicyAdviser,Associa5onofRenewableEnergyProducers(APPA)(Spain)

- NourAmrani,ManagerPublicAffairs,Novozymes(Denmark)

- LinaAnastasopoulou,Expert,MinistryofEnvironment,EnergyandClimateChange(Greece)

- ZoltanBekes,Deskofficer,MinistryofNa5onalDevelopment(Hungary)

- DanielaBinder-Herynek,Agrana(Austria)

- FranzBrudl,EnergyAeaché,PermanentRepresenta5onofAustria(Belgium)

- CharlesBuggieg,SeniorPolicyOfficer,MinistryofEnergyandHealth(Malta)

- SandroCobror,HeadofPublicAffairs,GruppoM&G(Italy)

- FerencCsoz,Hungrana(Hungary)

- SylvainDemoures,SecretaryGeneral,FrenchEthanolAssocia5on(SNPAA)(France)

- PeterDvorak,EnergyAeaché,PermanentRepresenta5onofSlovakiatotheEU(Slovakia)

- FabrizioFilippini,Federchimica(Italy)

- ZygmuntGzyra,BoardMember,Bioagara(Poland)

- HorstHartl,ManagingDirector,Agrana,(Austria)

- JohnvanHimbergen,Expert,MinistryofInfrastructureandtheEnvironment(Netherlands)

- MarleneHönle,Adviser,GermanBioethanolIndustryAssocia5on(BDBe)(Germany)

- JiriHromadko,Expert,MinistryofEnvironmentofCzechRepublic(CzechRepublic)

- TimoHuh>saari,SustainabilityandBiofuelsExpert,NorthEuropeanOilTradeOy(FinlandandSweden)

- DanailKamenov,BoardMember,Almagest(Bulgaria)

- VaidotasKisielius,Expert,MinistryofEnergyoftheRepublicofLithuania(Lithuania)

- MaciejKolaczek,CounsellorEnergy,PermanentRepresenta5onofPolandtotheEU(Poland)

- NicolasKurtsoglou,ProjectManager,FrenchEthanolProducersAssocia5on(SNPAA)(France)

- HendrikLemahieu,SecretaryGeneral,BelgianBioethanolAssocia5on(Belgium)

- SaskiaMeuffels,Expert,MinistryofInfrastructureandtheEnvironment(Netherlands)

- WalterMirabella,LyondellBasell(Italy)

- JurgisPolujanskas,Kurana(Lithuania)

- CarstenPoulsen,Advisor,DanishEnergyAgency(Denmark)

- MikusRamanis,SeniorOfficer,MinistryofEconomicsoftheRepublicofLatvia(Latvia)

- JukkaSaarinen,ChiefEngineer-EnergyDepartment,MinistryofEmploymentandtheEconomy(Finland)

- AdamStepien,SecretaryGeneral,PolishBiofuelsChamber(Poland)

- Chris>anaVasiliou,Expert,MinistryofEnergy,Commerce,IndustryandTourism(Cyprus)

- NadiavandeVen,Adviser,DutchBiofuelsAssocia5on(NVDB)(Netherlands)

- JanVerchoor,SecretaryGeneral,DutchBiofuelsAssocia5on(NVDB)(Netherlands)

- ClareWenner,HeadofRenewableTransport,RenewableEnergyAssocia5on(REA)(UnitedKingdom)

- PeterWillumsen,AdviserBiofuels,DanishEnergyAgency(Denmark)

Acknowledgements

67

Disclaimer

68

Thisreportonthena>onalbiofuelspoliciesandmarketsofEU-28MemberStatesisforinforma>onalpurposesonly.Theinforma>oncontainedwithinthisreportisprovidedonthebasisofavailabilityand is tothebestofourknowledge. In theeventthatanyoftheinforma>onprovidedinthisreportisincorrect,incompleteand/oroutofdate,ePUREdoesnotacceptanyliabilityforlossordamagesasaresult. ePURE is not responsible for the content of any external page, file ordocumentthatisreferencedorlinkedtointhisreport.

Overview of the biofuel policies and markets across the EU ... · - Biofuel targets: -In 2015, 4...

Documents

Transcript of Overview of the biofuel policies and markets across the EU ... · - Biofuel targets: -In 2015, 4...