Overview of Networking

8/7/2019 Overview of Networking

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/overview-of-networking 1/16

[email protected]

Overview of Networking

Understanding Network Basics




Module 1 Overview of Networking

[email protected]

M odule 1 Overview of Networking

Overview

This module introduces you to the basic fundamentals of networking. Basic

definitions as to what a network is can be found here. Networks could be just two

computers connected by a cable in a home or it could be thousand computers

connected across the globe via phone lines, or cables or even satellite links. The

most common type of network, the server based network (client- server model) is

taken into consideration here. Networks also interconnect mainframe computers,

printers, fax machines etc.

Lessons covered in this module

Basics of Networking

Networking

Work group model I/Peer-to-peer Network

Domain model/Server based Networks

Types of Servers





[email protected]

Lesson 1.1 Basics of Networking

Introduction

Communication using computer has brought revolution in the field of

information technology, particularly in the field of personal computer. Computer

network allows people to access information located in their computer from

remote place. Computer networks enables sharing of resource between systems

separated from a few feet to thousands of kilometer.

A network is typically used to exchange the information and resources between

the devices. The networking process also involves designing, implementing,

upgrading, managing and working with network technologies. The main purpose

of network is to share the data and can be used to enhance the overall performance of some applications by distributing the computation tasks to

various computers on the network.





[email protected]

Lessons 1.1 Basics of Networking

Topics covered in this lesson are

Networking

Work group Model/Peer-to-peer Networks

Domain model/server-Based Networks Types of Servers





[email protected]

T opic 1 Networking

A network is a collection of multiple computers or other hardware devices that

are connected together, either physically or logically, using special hardware

and software for the exchange of information and resources.

Advantages of Networking

connectivity and communication

Data sharing

Disadvantages of Networking Setup Costs

Undesirable Sharing

Data Security Concerns





[email protected]

T opic 1 Networking

Network Classification

A network is a series of points or nodes interconnected by communication paths.

The nodes and points may be devices for single function such as computer used

for client application or router used for connecting networks. The whole purpose

of any network is to enable two endpoints, networks, servers, routers and so onto communicate with each other and transfer data. Networks are typically

classified by the amount of geographical coverage and there are four primary

types.

Local Area Network (LAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Campus Area Network (CAN)





[email protected]

T opic 1 Networking

Local Area Network (LAN)

A local area network is a group of systems associated in a relatively small area

and is connected by a common medium. It connects devices in a limited

geographical area using one or more hubs or switches. LAN can also be

interconnected within a building or a group of buildings to extend connectivity.

LAN Topology





[email protected]

T opic 1 Networking

Features of LAN

R esource Sharing : The main workstation shares the resources, storage space and

network peripherals such as printers, CD-ROM etc.

Data Security: Local Area Networks provide centralized control to access both the

network and its resources. The data can be backed up in appropriate and reliable

manner.

Shared Printers: Shared printing is a common example of sharing hardware over a

LAN. A printer is attached to a single computer on the network, but is used by severalsystems.





[email protected]

T opic 1 Networking

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Metropolitan Area Networks is the network which interconnects large computer

networks in which two or more computers are connected across a campus or a

city. This network use wireless infrastructure or optical fiber connections to link

their sites.

The important featuresMAN are:

A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 to 50Km diameters.

A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharing of resources. It is alsoused to provide a shared connection to other networks using a link to WAN.

Because of single provider, it may be able to negotiate lower rates for higher

bandwidth.





[email protected]

T opic 1 Networking

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Wide area network or (WAN) provides network connectivity over largegeographical areas like cities, states or even countries. WAN consists of two or more LANs in a network over a large geographical area. WAN technologies

usually function at the lower three layers of OSI reference model: the physicallayer, the data link layer, and the network layer. The typical example of wide areanetwork is Internet.

Campus Area Network (CAN)

A campus area network or corporate area network (CAN) is a network made upof an interconnection of local area networks within a limited geographical area. Acampus area network is larger than a local area network but smaller than a widearea network (WAN).





[email protected]

T opic 2 Work group M odel/Peer-to-peer

Networks

Peer-to-peer network is a type of network which links computers together for all

practical purposes within the network. It is also called as workgroups. Peer to

peer networks are generally limited to 10 or 15 nodes or even less on a single

LAN, because each system has to maintain its own user accounts and other

security settings. In a peer-to-peer network each users administers their own

computer. Each computer shares its resources, which includes files, printers andother devices which uses the resources found on other computers. Thus, a printer

may be attached to a single computer on the network, but it is used by all the

other systems.





[email protected]

T opic 2 Work group M odel/Peer-to-peer

Networks

Advantages of peer-to-peer networks

It can be managed without the help of network administrator and plan their own

security. Network is fast and cheap to setup and maintain.

Individual systems are capable to backup copies of its data to other systems for

security.

It is the easiest type of network to build for both commercial as well as domestic

purpose.





[email protected]

T opic 3 Domain M odel/Server-Based

Networks

Advantages of Server-based Networks

Sharing resources

Security

Comparison between the Network types

Function Peer-to-peer Network Server-Based Network

Size It is the best choice for ten or fewer computers Limited only by server and network hardware

Security Security is established by the user of each computer Extensive and reliable resource and user security

Administration Individual users are responsible for their own

administration

Centrally located for network control; requires at least one

knowledgeable administrator





[email protected]

T opic 4 Ty pes of Servers

A server provides resources to the clients on the network. Servers are typically

powerful computers that run the software that controls and maintains the

network. Servers are usually specialized for a single purpose. There are some of

the servers which are dedicated to perform a single task.

Application Servers

File Servers

Print Servers

Fax Servers

Web Servers

Chat Servers

FTP Servers

Telnet Servers

Proxy Servers

Mail Servers





[email protected]

Summary

A network is a collection of multiple computers or other hardware devices that

are connected together, either physically or logically, using special hardware and

software for the exchange of information and resources.

Networks are classified into two groups based on sharing the information

Peer-to-peer networks

Server-based networks

Peer-to-peer network computers act as both clients and servers. In a peer-to-peer

network, all computers are equal and they can either share or use the resources on

other computers.

In a server-based network, one or more computers act as servers and provide the

resources to the network. The other computers are the clients and use the

resources provided by the server.

Overview of Networking

Documents

Transcript of Overview of Networking