Overview of Modeling and Analysis

Capabilities at ANL and LLNL

Amgad Elgowainy (ANL)and Guillaume Petitpas (LLNL)

H2@Scale Review Meeting

Washington D.C.

June 9, 2017

GREET Life Cycle Analysis Model

at

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

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3

The GREET® (Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation) Model

Stochastic Simulation Tool

GR

EE

T 2

model:

Vehic

le c

ycle

mode

ling for

vehic

le m

anufa

ctu

ring

GREET 1 model:

Fuel-cycle modeling of vehicle/fuel systems

https://greet.es.anl.gov/

https://greet.es.anl.gov/

Energy use

➢ Total energy: fossil energy and renewable energy

• Fossil energy: petroleum, natural gas, and coal (they are estimated separately)

• Renewable energy: biomass, nuclear, hydro-power, wind, and solar energy

Greenhouse gases (GHGs)

➢ CO2, CH4, N2O, and black carbon

➢ CO2e of the three (with their global warming potentials)

Air pollutants

➢ VOC, CO, NOx, PM10, PM2.5, and SOx➢ They are estimated separately for

• Total (emissions everywhere)

• Regional, urban (a subset of the total)

Water consumption and regional water stress analysis

GREET LCA functional units

➢ Per mile driven

➢ Per unit of energy (million Btu, MJ, gasoline gallon equivalent)

➢ Other units (such as per ton-mi for transportation modes)

GREET outputs include energy use, greenhouse gases, criteria

pollutants and water consumption for vehicle and energy systems

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GREET development has been supported by several DOE

Offices since 1995

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- Vehicle Technology Office (VTO) - Bioenergy Technology Office (BETO)

- Fuel-Cell Technology Office (FCTO) - Geothermal Technology Office (GTO)

- Energy Policy and Systems Analysis (EPSA)

Examples of major uses of GREET

▪ US EPA used GREET for RFS and vehicle GHG standard developments

▪ CARB developed CA-GREET for its Low-Carbon Fuel Standard compliance

▪ DOE, USDA, and the Navy use GREET for R&D decisions

▪ DOD DLA-Energy uses GREET for alternative fuel purchase requirements

▪ Auto industry uses it for R&D screening of vehicle/fuel system combinations

▪ Energy industry (especially new fuel companies) uses it for addressing sustainability of

R&D investments

▪ Universities uses GREET for education on technology sustainability of various fuels

GREET has been in public domain and free of charge - Updated annually

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There are 30,000 registered GREET users globally

GREET includes more than 100 fuel production

pathways from various energy feedstock sources

PetroleumConventional

Oil Sands

Compressed Natural Gas

Liquefied Natural Gas

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Methanol

Dimethyl Ether

Fischer-Tropsch Diesel

Fischer-Tropsch Jet

Fischer-Tropsch Naphtha

Hydrogen

Natural GasNorth American

Non-North American

Shale gas

Coal

Soybeans

Palm

Rapeseed

Jatropha

Camelina

Algae

Gasoline

Diesel

Jet Fuel

Liquefied Petroleum Gas

Naphtha

Residual Oil

HydrogenFischer-Tropsch Diesel

Fischer-Tropsch Jet

Methanol

Dimethyl Ether

Biodiesel

Renewable Diesel

Renewable Gasoline

Hydroprocessed

Renewable Jet

Sugarcane

Corn

Cellulosic BiomassSwitchgrass

Willow/Poplar

Crop Residues

Forest Residues

Miscanthus

Residual Oil

Coal

Natural Gas

Biomass

Nuclear

Other Renewables

Ethanol

Butanol

Ethanol

Ethanol

HydrogenMethanol

Dimethyl Ether

Fischer-Tropsch Diesel

Fischer-Tropsch Jet

Pyro Gasoline/Diesel/Jet

Electricity

Renewable Natural GasLandfill Gas

Animal Waste

Waste water treatment

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Coke Oven Gas

Petroleum Coke

Nuclear EnergyHydrogen

Hydrogen

GREET includes all transportation subsectors

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• Desire to control air pollution in ports globally

• Interest by EPA, local governments, IMO

• GREET includes

✓ Ocean and inland water transportation

✓ Baseline diesel and alternative marine fuels

• Globally, a fast growing sector with GHG reduction

pressure

• Interest by DOD, ICAO, FAA, and commercial airlines

• GREET includes

✓ Passenger and freight transportation

✓ Various alternative fuels blended with petroleum jet

fuels

• Light-duty vehicles

• Medium-duty vehicles

• Heavy-duty vehicles

• Various powertrains:

Internal Combustion Engines

Electrics

Fuel cells

• Interest by FRA, railroad

companies

• Potential for CNG/LNG to

displace diesel

Road

transportation

Air

transportation

Rail

transportation

Marine

transportation

Vehicle System Simulation Tool

at

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

9

10

Autonomie Vehicle Energy Consumption and Cost Model

ComponentBenchmarking

Standard Procedures

J1711

J2841

Large Scale SimulationNumerous processes, including vehicle sizing algorithms, distributed computing, parametric study, SOC correction… are used to evaluate a large number of options

Vehicle Control

Integrate advanced control algorithms such as instantaneous optimization or route based control

Levelized Cost of Driving

Integrate LCD calculations to evaluate the technology benefits using $/mile

Validation

Vehicle Powertrain

i.e. GM Voltec Development

Vehicle Energy & Cost

Component Models

i.e. Advanced Transmission (e.g. DCT)

VOLTEC ELECTRIC DRIVEKinematic Architecture

Axle Differential

Traction Motor

Battery Pack

2.16 ratio

GeneratorPlanetary Sun Gear

C3C1

Planetary Ring Gear

Planetary Carrier

Final Drive Gearing

C2

Inverter

http://www.autonomie.net/

http://www.autonomie.net/

Hydrogen Delivery and Refueling Models

at

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)

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DOE Tool for HRS modeling (HRSAM)

Available at: http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/h2a_delivery.html

– Developed in Excel and is publicly available for download and use – Cost data from vendors. Modeling and analysis vetted by experts from industry

http://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/h2a_delivery.html

Hydrogen Delivery Scenario Analysis Model

(HDSAM)

CapitalOperating

Energy

Scenario Definition

Market

Delivery ModeLiquid

Delivery

Gaseous

Delivery

Inputs

Cumulative Cash Flow

Delivery CostPenetration

0 25 50 75 100

Penetration

0 25 50 75 100

Results

Delivery Components & HRS

SAE J2601

Friday Demand Profile

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

7.0%

8.0%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Hour of the day

% o

f th

e t

ota

l d

ail

y d

em

an

d

Compressor43%

Electrical8%

Cascade20%

Refrigeration9%

Dispensers4%

Controls & Safety16%

% Cost Contribution of Refueling Station Components to Total Installed Capital[200 kg/day Station]

Refueling Station

Dispensing

Option

https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/h2a_delivery.html

$/kgH2

https://www.hydrogen.energy.gov/h2a_delivery.html

H2SCOPE model tracks mass, temperature, and pressure between refueling components and vehicle’s tank

➢ Solve physical laws (conservation of mass, momentum, energy, EOS, thermodynamics relations)

➢ Simulate various refueling methods (e.g., SAE J2601, MC Default Fill)

SAE J2601 MC Default Fill

H2

Simulated with

H2SCOPE Model

PT

6

Hydrogen Thermodynamics Modeling

at

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)

15

Thermodynamic states variations along the H2 pathway

need to be understood in order to improve transfer efficiencies

Liquefaction plant Station Pump/compressor

Heat transfer modes with saturated film

Condensation/evaporation,

energy balance

LLNL provides H2 thermodynamic modeling, incl. real gas EOS

aelgowainy@anl.gov

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mailto:aelgowainy@anl.gov