OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.
-
Upload
natalie-martin -
Category
Documents
-
view
220 -
download
3
Transcript of OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.
![Page 1: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS
FALL 2013
![Page 2: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DEFINITION
Industrial Hygiene (IH) is that science devoted to the anticipation, recognition, measurement, evaluation, and control of adverse stresses or agents which could cause sickness and impaired health among workers and the community. The basic goal of IH is to promote a safe and healthful work environment.
![Page 3: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IH FOCUS
1. Hazardous agents in workplace2. Health effects associated with
excessive exposures3. OELs for each agent4. Workforce organization and staffing5. Significant sources of exposure; tasks
and work procedures involved6. Control measures
![Page 4: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
IH ELEMENTS
• Anticipation• Recognition• Evaluation• Control
![Page 5: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
RECOGNITION
Requires knowledge and understanding of workplace environmental stresses and effects on health of the worker; hazard potential of materials is determined by toxicity and also conditions of use.
![Page 6: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RECOGNITION
Detailed information to be obtained regarding types of hazardous materials used, type of job operation, worker exposures and patterns, levels of air contaminants, exposure duration, control measures, etc. Consult product information including MSDSs.
![Page 7: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
TOXICITY VS. HAZARD
• Toxicity is the capacity of a material to produce injury or harm when the chemical has reached a sufficient concentration at a certain site in the human body.
• Hazard is the probability that this concentration win the body will occur; affected by many factor/elements.
![Page 8: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DEGREE OF HAZARD
• Nature of material• Intensity of exposure • Duration of exposure
![Page 9: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
EVALUATION
Involves monitoring and analytical methods required to detect the extent of exposure; decision-making process resulting in an opinion on the degree of health hazard that exists; extent of potential health hazards based on comparisons of environmental measurements with current governmental regulations and recommended guidelines.
![Page 10: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
EVALUATION
• Air sampling can be involved. • Breathing zone exposures are preferred.• Air volume sampled must be sufficient to permit
a representative determination of the contaminant to properly compare the results with the PEL and/or TLV.
![Page 11: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
CONTROL
Involves the reduction of environmental stresses to levels that the worker can tolerate without impairment of health or productivity; various general control methods employed.
![Page 12: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
CONTROL METHODS
• Engineering – remove the hazard; should be considered first.
• Administrative – reduce exposures through scheduling; also included is employee training; not generally favored.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – use should be secondary to engineering.
![Page 13: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ENGINEERING CONTROLS
• Substitution• Change in process• Isolation• Enclosure• Wet methods• Ventilation• General• Dilution
![Page 14: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Examples:• Arranging work schedules and the related duration
of exposure to limit employee exposures to health hazards.
• Transferring employees at PELs to an environment where no additional exposure will be experienced.
• Housekeeping
![Page 15: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS
Administrative controls must be designed only by knowledgeable health and safety professionals, and used cautiously. Not as satisfactory as engineering controls and have been criticized as a means of spreading exposures instead of reducing or eliminating the exposure.
![Page 16: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
PPE
PPE may be used to protect the worker when it is not feasible to render the working environment completely safe. This is considered a secondary control method to engineering and administrative controls and should be used as a last resort.
![Page 17: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
EFFECTIVE IH PROGRAM
Applies knowledge to the anticipation and recognition of health hazards arising out of work operations and processes, evaluation and measurement of the magnitude of the hazard based on past experience and study, and control of the hazards.
![Page 18: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
POTENTIAL HAZARDS
• Chemical• Physical• Biological• Ergonomic
![Page 19: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
• Hydrocarbons• Solvents• Oil Mist• Dust (Total and Respirable)• Crystalline Silica• Formaldehyde• Carbon Monoxide• Airborne Fibers
![Page 20: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
• Various forms – vapors, gases, dusts, fumes, mists, or by skin contact
• Degree of risk depends on magnitude and duration of exposure
• Hazard identification through use of MSDSs
![Page 21: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
• Noise• Radiation
- Ionizing- Non-ionizing
• Lighting• Heat/Cold Stress• Pressure Extremes
![Page 22: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
• Bioaerosols• Surface/Bulk Contamination• Tuberculosis• Bloodborne Pathogens• Indoor Air Quality Issues
![Page 23: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
• Musculoskeletal Disorders• Cumulative Trauma Disorders• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome• Material Handling/Lifting• Workplace Design Considerations
![Page 24: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
OTHER HAZARDS
• Confined Spaces• Waste Management• Lab Health and Safety• Emergency Planning
![Page 25: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
FEDERAL REGULATIONS
Occupational Safety and Health ActEnacted on December 29, 1970Effective on April 28, 1971
Purpose: “assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve out human resources.”
![Page 26: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
OSHA ACT DUTIES
• Employers must furnish a place of employment which is free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious harm to employees.
• Each employee shall comply with occupational safety and health standards.
![Page 27: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
OSHA/NIOSH
OSHA is housed within the Department of Labor (DOL). The OSHAct also established the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) which is located within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC is part of the U.S. Public Health Service.
![Page 28: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
OSHA
OSHA empowered to promulgate safety and health standard with technical advice from NIOSH. OSHA can enter workplaces for investigation of alleged violations of standards and to perform routine inspections. Formal complaints can be made by employees or their representatives.
![Page 29: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
OSHACT
• Right to issue citations and penalties• Provide for employee walk-around surveys or
interviews during inspection• Require employers to maintain accurate records
or exposures to potential hazardous materials• Inform employees of monitoring results
![Page 30: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
NIOSH
• Principal federal agency engaged in occupational health and safety research.
• Responsible for identifying hazards and making recommendations for regulations such as RELs. Also issues criteria documents and health hazard alerts on various hazards and tests and certifies respiratory protective equipment.
![Page 31: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
• AIHA• ACGIH• AAIH• ABIH
Development of common code of ethics.
![Page 32: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
CANONS OF CONDUCT
• Practice their profession following recognized scientific principles with the realization that the lives, health, and well-being of people may depend upon their professional judgment and that they are obligated to protect the health and well-being of people.
![Page 33: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
CANONS OF CONDUCT
• Counsel affected parties factually regarding potential health risks and precautions necessary to avoid adverse health effects. • Keep confidential personal and business
information obtained during the exercise of IH activities, except when required by law or overriding health and safety considerations.
![Page 34: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
CANONS OF CONDUCT
• Avoid circumstances where a compromise of professional judgment or conflict of interest may arise.• Perform services only in the areas of their
competence.• Act responsibly to uphold the integrity of the
profession.
![Page 35: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
OHS GOAL
Prevent occupational injury and illness by anticipating, recognizing, evaluation, and controlling occupational health and safety hazards.
![Page 36: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
VITAL COMPONENTS
• Effective health and safety program is the commitment of Senior Management and Line Management.
• Includes visible involvement; assignment of authority as well as the responsibility to carry out the health and safety program.
![Page 37: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
IH PROGRAM ELEMENTS
• Written Program/Policy Statement• Hazard Recognition Procedures• Hazard Evaluation and Exposure
Assessment• Hazard Control• Employee Training• Employee Involvement• Program Evaluation and Audit• Recordkeeping
![Page 38: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
OST TEAM COMPONENTS
• Industrial Hygienist• Safety Professional• Occupational Health Nurse• Occupational Medicine
Physician• Employees• Senior Line Management
![Page 39: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST
Industrial Hygienists are occupational health professionals concerned primarily with the control of environmental stresses or occupational health hazards that arise as a result of or during the course of work.
![Page 40: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
SAFETY PROFESSIONAL
• Specialized knowledge in the physical and social sciences
• Understand factors contributing accident occurrence along with motivation, behavior and communication to control safety hazards
• Potential combination of IH and Safety positions due to relatively common responsibilities
![Page 41: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH NURSE
• Key to delivery of comprehensive health care services to workers
• Focused on promotion, protection, and restoration of workers’ health within the context of the work environment
• Critical link between employee’s health status, work process, and the determination of employee ability to do job.
• Case management approach to return injured employees to work on a timely basis
![Page 42: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN
• Goal is to prevent occupational illness and when illness occurs, to restore employee health within the context of a health and safe workplace • Regulations require medical surveillance
programs with specific criteria • Determination of work-relatedness of disease
![Page 43: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
OTHER COMPONENTS
• Employee• Safety and Health Committee
![Page 44: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ROUTES OF ENTRY AND EXPOSURE PATHWAYS
• Inhalation• Ingestion• Skin or Eye Absorption• Injection
![Page 45: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
MONITORING
Measurement of exposure concentrations during a given time period. Monitoring data are used to help resolve, refine, or confirm the exposure assessment.
Consideration of area vs. personal monitoring to determine exposures.
![Page 46: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS
• OSHA PELs• ACGIH TLVs
- TWA- STEL- Ceiling- Skin-Mixtures
![Page 47: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
MONITORING PERIODS
• Full-shift8-hour Time Weighted Average (TWA)
• Short-Term Exposure Limits (STELs)15-30 minute work tasks
• Ceiling Limits 30 minutes not to be exceeded
![Page 48: OVERVIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON DOWNTOWN CAMPUS FALL 2013.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062511/55150ce75503465e608b4a22/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
HEALTH HAZARD CONSIDERATIONS
• Route of Entry • Concentration/Duration• Probability for Absorption• Rate of Generation of Airborne
Contaminants• Control Measures