Overview of High-Performance Vehicles as Naval Platforms
description
Transcript of Overview of High-Performance Vehicles as Naval Platforms
1
Overview of High-Performance Vehicles as Naval Platforms
Volker Bertram
2
Our definition: • no simple monohull form• weight supported by:
• hydrostatic buoyancy • hydrodynamic lift • aerostatic lift• aerodynamic lift• hybrid
High-performance usually includes:• usually high speeds • good seakeeping characteristics• enhanced manoeuvrability • reduced signatures
High-performance Marine Vehicles
3
SYTKA = System Technology for Future Combatants
compared displacement fast monohull to HPMVs
identifying as potential alternatives
• SWATH• high-speed SWATH (HSS)• surface-effect ship (SES)• trimaran
MTG conducted study of HPMVs
4
• Design characteristics: • platform stability• general arrangement (deck area and volume space)• maximum draft• ...
• Hydrodynamic characteristics: • range of operating speed• propulsion configuration• speed loss in waves• seakeeping, manoeuvrability• weight and trim sensitivity• ...
HPMVs investigated in terms of 4 characteristics
5
HPMVs investigated in terms of 4 characteristics
• Structural characteristics: • global strength, local strength• dynamic loads (slamming)• use of advanced materials• complex structures• ...
• Other characteristics: • acquisition and operating costs• state of development of the technology• survivability:
• detectability or stealth characteristics • vulnerability
6
Classification follows sustention triangle
almost 100 different concepts for hybrids
different stages of development:• preliminary concept• prototypes • in operation
7
Displacement ships
SWATHHSStrimaranwave piercer
8
Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull (SWATH)
+ superior seakeeping
+ large deck area
– higher power requirement
– weight and trim sensitive
– large draft
– acquisition and operating costs
9
Early SWATH demonstrators in USA and Japan
T-AGOSUS Navy
“Hibeki“Japan
10
German SWATH development in 2001
Wehrforschungsschiff, TNSW
11
German SWATH development in 2001
SWATHs for pilots of Abeking+Rasmussen
A+R proposed also navy SWATH
12
German Navy project for mine-hunting
SWATHs for Navy Applications
Cooperation: Luerssen Shipyard, A+R
13
SWATH“Sea Shadow”
source: http://www.fas.org
stealth technologydemonstrator
14
SWATHSLICE
source: Lockheed Martin
Lower resistance through wave system interaction
15
High Speed SWATH (HSS)
source: http://192.49.188.22
SWATH bow section
Stern planing catamaran
GTS Stena Explorer MTG HSS design
16
Record-breaking “Adventurer”
Trimarans allow high speeds
Artistvision
Reality
17
Trimaran Demonstrator “Triton”
UK Navy: Trimaran demonstrator
source: http://www.trimaran.dera.gov.uk
+ low power at high speed
+ reduced operating costs
+ better damage stability
+ good seakeeping
+ large deck area
+ efficient payload layout
+ good survivability
– ?
18
Concept study of MTG
Trimarans investigated by several navies
19
Wave Piercer
source: http://www.incat.com.au
Incat 045, HMAS “Jervis Bay”
Incat HSV-X1 “Joint Venture”
20
Wave Piercer Incat HSV-X1
“Joint Venture” (US Army)
500 fully equipped troops
40+ knots
up to 1000 nm
21
Paragon Mann: VSV Wave Piercer Patrol boat
Wave Piercer
source: http://www.halmatic.co.uk
22
Wave Piercer Projects
source: http://www.dd21.goldteam.com
Stealth designDD 21 project
Stealth design“Sea Wraith”
MTG Frigate
23
Fast Monohull
source: Blohm&Voss
Only civilian applications built
24
Hydrofoils
25
+ high cruising speed+ improved seakeeping
– limited payload capability– large draft
Russian Mukha class
Surface Piercing Hydrofoils (SPH)
Fully Submerged Hydrofoils (FSH)
photo: Ehlers
Canadian Bras d‘Or
PHM (Boeing)
26
Air-Cushion Vehicles
27
+ very high speed
+ low vulnerability to
underwater explosions
+ small draft and underwater signature
+ amphibious capability
source: http://www.tmls.textron.com
– affected by wind
– trim sensitivity
– high acquisition cost
– high maintenance cost
28
USA employs ACV as LCAC (Landing Craft Air Cushion)
29
Russian LCAC Aist Class70 knots
photos: Ehlers
Russian LCACPomornik classLargest ACV worldwide150t payload, 63 knots
30
Finnish ACV “Tuuli”delivered in 2002
photos: Ehlers
ACVs suitable for operation in ice
31
SES (Surface Effect Ships)
32
No surface effect involved
+ operate at high speeds (> 40 knots)+ reduced underwater signature+ improved shock resistance+ good platform stability + shallow draft and large deck area
– speed loss in head seas– loss of amphibious capability– high acquisition and maintenance costs
Air Cushion Catamarans (SES)
33
Various SES built and operated by navies
Oksøy class minehunter (NO)AGNES 200 (FR)
“Bora“ missile corvette (RU)
34
Stealth SES built in Scandinavia
Skjöld class patrol boat (NO) “Smyge“ (SE)
35
SES Demonstrator “Corsair”
Blohm&Voss
MEKAT conceptallows modular conversion
37
Hybrid Hydrofoils
HysucatHYSWAS
38
HYSWAS = Hydrofoil small waterplane area ship
Foil contribute 30-70% lift
+ extended range+ good seakeeping
– high cost– payload critical
39
German Concept study never realized
Design study for fast ferry by Bremer Vulkan
photos: EMIT
40
Japanese built prototype
TSL-F
41
Navy HYSWAS projectedUS Projects ranging from patrol boat to 2400t frigate
42
HYSWAS demonstrator: “Quest”
Tested 1995, US Navy
43
Hysucat: Hydrofoil-supported catamaran
South-African development, Tandem foil arrangement
+ good seakeeping+ low resistance– foil tailored to design condition
44
Sustention Pyramid
45
Wing-in-Ground (WIG) = Ekranoplans
Source: jpcolliat.free.fr/ekra/ekraA.html
+ very high cruising speeds+ good transport efficiency (vs aeroplanes)+ no airports needed– safety concerns– low payload– take-off requires high power
46
Russian Navy used Ekranoplans
“Caspian Sea Monster” 550t weight (>747-400)
500 km/h
Source: jpcolliat.free.fr/ekra/ekraA.html
47
Russian Navy used Ekranoplans
“Lun” (missile launcher)400t weight, 450 km/h
Source: jpcolliat.free.fr/ekra/ekraA.html
48
Russian Navy used Ekranoplans
“Orlyonok” (troop transporter)110t weight, 400 km/h
Source: jpcolliat.free.fr/ekra/ekraA.html
49
US Navy has studied WIGs as transporters
50
German Wing-in-Ground (WIG)
Flightship
Hoverwing
51
• Deep-V monohull
• Planing hulls
• Semi-planing hulls
• Weinblume (staggered hull cataramans)
• ...
Many more concepts exist...
52
And now it’s time to…