Overview of European Technology Platform Zero Emission ... · Technology Platform Zero Emission...

Z E PTechnology Platform

Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power Plants

Overview of European Technology PlatformZero Emission Power Plants ZEP- Aims and Vision

Professor Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Kurt HägeChairman of the European Technology Platform ZEP

International G8-Expert Workshop on Clean Coal Technologies, Leipzig, 6th March 2007

Prof. Kurt Haege, Leipzig, 6th March 2007 2

Challenge of Climate Change(Source: 4th Assessment Report of IPCC, WG1, Feb. 2007)

The 2nd half of the 20th century was the warmest period of the last 500 years.The average sea level rise of the 20th century was 17 cm.

A Global solution with long term commitments is needed. ZEP takes an active role to accelerate governments and global institutions towards practical solutions.

WG1: The Physical Science Basis

WG2: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability

WG3: Mitigation of ClimateChange


Future Role of Fossil Fuels

• Fossil fuels - global use will increase during the next decades

• The CLEAN COAL concept fits in the context of climate protection as well as security of supply

• The Technology platform ZEP wants to give a major thrust to the development of the CO2-free power plant.


Strategy on Climate Change

• Renewable energy sources

• Increased efficiency in generation and utilisation

• Options for the future: CO2 capture and storage

• Active partner in the international climate dialogue

ZEP Strategy:


ZEP Set-up and Vision

• Primary task to set strategic research agenda (SRA) and deployment document (SDD) as major input to EC FP7 (2007 - 2013)

• Advisory Council formed in June 2005

– 6 Generators: E.ON, Endesa, Enel, Energi E2, RWE, Vattenfall – 6 Equipment suppliers: Ansaldo, ALSTOM, Air Liquide, Foster Wheeler,

Mitsui Babcock, Siemens– 5 Oil and Gas: BP, Shell, Statoil, Total, Schlumberger– 5 Research: BGS, CIRCE, IFP, Polish CMI, GEUS– 3 NGOs: Bellona, Climate Action Network Europe, WWF– Chair: Kurt Haege/Vattenfall Vice-Chairs: Olivier Appert/IFP, Gardiner Hill/BP,

Charles Soothill/ALSTOM

• Formally launched 1Dec05

• First General Assembly 12-13Dec06

The Vision: To enable European fossil fuel power plants to have zero emission of CO2 by 2020.


European Technology Platform ZEP:Zero Emission Fossil Fuel Power PlantsOrganisational structure

Advisory Council

Plants &CO2 Capture

Communication & Public Acceptance

Infrastructure &Environment

CO2 Use &Storage

Mirror Groupof Member States

SecretariatCoordination Group

Market, Regulation & Policy

Strategic Research Agenda (SRA)

Strategic Deployment Strategy (SDD)


ZEP Action : Key Outputs and Timing

• Launch event 12.2005

• Vision paper 05.2006

• Brochure 08.2006

• Working reports 09.2006

• SRA and SDD 09.2006

• www.zero-emissionplatform.eu

• 1st General assembly 12./13.09.2006, Brussels

• Task forces to implement SRA/SDD recommendations 01.2007

• 2nd General assembly 2./3.10.2007, Paris

Active future role:

• Support project development (e.g. JTIs)

• Support dialogue about developing roadmap

• Mobilise exploratory research

• Support international cooperation (projects, workshops, exchange programs)

• Assess technology and project areas

• Define and promote regulatory requirements and commercial incentives

• Define and execute communication strategy

• Find financial sources (industry, EU, national)


SRA Recommendations

The Strategic Research Agenda describes a collaborative programme of technology development for reducing the costs and risks of deployment

• Urgently implementing 10-12 integrated, large-scale CCSdemonstration projects Europe-wide

• Developing new concepts already identified, but not validated, fordemonstration by 2010-2015 and implementation beyond 2020

• Supporting long-term exploratory research into advanced, innovative concepts for implementation of next-generation technology by 2050

• Maximising cooperation at national, European and international level

• Strengthening and accelerating R&D priorities to support the Strategic Depolyment Document, informed by experience fromdemonstration projects and parallel R&D projects.


The Strategic Deployment Document outlines how to accelerate the market for efficient zero emission power production.

SDD Recommendations

• Kick-starting the CO2 value chain with urgent short- and long-term commercial incentive

• Establishing a regulatory framework for the geological storage ofCO2

• Gaining public support via a comprehensive public informationcampaign:

• Establishing robust RD&D funding under the FP7 and nationalprogrammes:- Improve energy conversion efficiency, reduce cost and reduce scale-up risk of CO2

capture technology

-Undertake EU-wide mapping of large CO2 sources and geological storage

-By 2008, establish a “Joint Technology Initiative” as part of a portfolio of mechanisms formaximising European co-operation.


A Three Phase Argumentation

• Reducing emissions and increasing efficiency in ecologically andeconomically optimised steps

– Modernisation of existing plants: SO2, NOx, dust, retrofit

– Construction of new state-of-the-art power plants

• Development of high-efficiency power stations with the aim to minimise consumption of resources and reduce specific emissions,particularly those of CO2

• New Technologies for CO2 capture and storage


Current Efforts to Increase Power Plant Efficiency

• COMTES 700: material and component test for 700 °C technology (joint project of VGB, generators, equipment suppliers and EU)

• Fluidised-bed drying process for lignite (RWE Power)

• CCGT-Project Irsching to increase net efficiency up to 60 % (Siemens, E.ON)

• Efficiency improvements by replacement of existing steam turbines by new turbines with 3D-designed blades (retrofitting)

• Further increasing of net efficiency of PC-boilers by development of materials for live steam parameters of 750 °C and more (COORETEC, BMWi)

+ 4 %(compared to 600/620 °C,

275 bar live steam)

percentage points

+ 4 %(43 → 47 % - net)

+ 1,5-2 %( 58 → 60 % - net)

+ 5 %(→ 55% - net)

Depending on individual case

Objectives: Efficiencies of more than 50 % for steam power plants and above 60 % for gas turbine plants


Main Technology Options for CO2Capture from Power Plants

Three technologies seem capable to fulfil the primary target to 2020

• All largely contain known technology and components

• All need optimization, scale up and process integration

• Power process efficiency increase is always a supporting activity

Pre-combustion CO2 capture (IGCC power plants)

Development demand

Oxy-fuel process

O2CO2

Coal

CO2 / H2O

Convent. steam PP

Flue gas cleaning

CoalAir

CO2capture

Conventional power plant with CO2 scrubber

CO2

Post-combustion CO2 capture (steam power plants)

1,000 m3/s, 13 vol-% CO2

Gasi-fication

Gas cleaningCO shift

CO2capture

CO2

CoalO2

IGCC process

10 m3/s, 45 vol-% CO2

CCGTwith H2 turbine

Boiler Flue gas cleaning

Conden-sation


Pilot and Demo Projects

Post-Combustion- Shell/Statoil, NO, 860 MW,

NG-CC, EOR (Draugen, Heidrun), 2010

- RWE, coal, retrofit, Tilbury/UK, 2016

Pre-Combustion- BP/S&SE/GE, UK, 350 MW,

NG-CC, EOR (Miller), 2010- RWE, D, 450 MW, coal,

IGCC, 2014- E.ON/UK, Killingholme,

450 MW, 2011- GE, PL, 900 MW, coal,

IGCC, 2011- FutureGen Alliance, USA,

275 MW, coal, IGCC Oxy-fuel- Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe/D, 30 MWth, coal, 2008- Total, Lacq/F, 30 MW, liquid fuel, retrofit, 2008- Saskpower, B&W, AirLiquide, 300 MW coal


Power Plant Schwarze Pumpe

The Vattenfall Project of a CO2-free Oxyfuel Pilot Plant (Source: Vattenfall)

Thermal Capacity: 30 MWCoal Demand: 5,2 t/hOxygen Demand: 10 t/hCO2 (liq.) Production: 9 t/h

Thermal Capacity: 30 MWCoal Demand: 5,2 t/hOxygen Demand: 10 t/hCO2 (liq.) Production: 9 t/hCommissioning: 2008

Schwarze Pumpe Power Plant


The CO2-free Power Plant – Pilot Plant in Operation by 2008(Source: Vattenfall)


Advantages of Oxyfuel Technology(Source: Vattenfall)

• Power plant process with high efficiency potential

• High CO2-separation potential

• Comparable to conventionalsteam power plant process

• Investment and operation costgood assessable based on conventional power plant technology


The RWE Project of a Zero-CO2 450 MW Power Plant with CO2 Storage (IGCC-CCS)(Source: RWE)

• Basic technology: IGCC• El. capacity: 450 MWgross/360 MWnet

• Net efficiency: 40%• CO2 storage: 2.3 mill. t/a in depleted gas reservoir or saline aquifer• Commissioning: 2014• RWE budget: approx. € 1 billion


Advantages of IGCC Technology(Source: RWE)

• Fuel and product flexibility

• Only technology that can already be implemented on a large scaletoday

• Components tested in large scale, own RWE know-how

• Power plant process with highest efficiency potential, efficientoperation also without CO2 capture


The Statoil and Shell Industrial Realisation Project at Tjeldbergodden


The BP Peterhead Project ‚Hydrogen Production and Enhanced Oil Recovery‘

Microsoft Excel.lnk


Four Key Taskforces (1)

TECHNOLOGY

1. Organise R&D• Map R&D needs and identify

gaps and priorities• Provide input for FP7 update• Improve coordination between

national programmes and FP7• Maintain ZEP papers through

technology assessment

2. Secure public funding• Map need of additional funding

for R&D• Via public bodies and PPPs

3. Network and disseminate• Organise technical days at

networking researchers and industry

DEMONSTRATION & IMPLEMENTATION

1. Organise and finance demonstration projects• Specify 10-12 demo projects (technology,

location, contractors, financing)• Initiate PPPs• Establish cooperation between industrial

partners• Initiate projects in eastern & southern

Europe, India and China

2. Disseminate the knowledge• Organise events and communicate best

practise

3. Map regulatory problems• Develop framework for risk analysis• Map existing legal barriers


Four Key Taskforces (2)

POLICY & REGULATION

1. Close cooperation with EU to identify regulatory issues• Regulatory work DG TREN, ENV, …• Public funding for R&D (FP7, JTI,

EIB, …)

2. Coordinate between ZEP TFs, EC and national governments

3. Develop commercial incentives4. Ensure that CCS is introduced under

ETS5. Propose regulation corresponding to

GHG avoidance costs6. Map MS’ involvement and

disseminate best practice

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

1. Develop and execute communication strategy• Educational task• Political debate/parliament

2. Push implementation of CCS in Member States

3. Involve NGO’s 4. Ensure transparency and

communication of results


• Less than 10 % heard of CCS.

• Before explanation only 13 % were positive, after explanation 55 % agreed.

• Public - even when they are concerned about climate change - do not immediately accept CCS. Those that were positive in general terms were neutral to negative about storage in their neighbourhood..

• Although the public worries about climate change it will accept only minimal energy price increases.

An early information campaign is necessary to get public support for the large scale implementation of CCS.

Public Acceptance of CCS(Source: ZEP – WG5)


Expected Support of EC/Politics (1)

• Clear commitment to coal as important part of the future energy mix

• Clear commitment to CCS as instrument for CO2 mitigation to stop climate change

• Support of efficiency increase to minimise consumption of resources and as pre-requisite of ZEP

• Create legal framework for geological storage of CO2: amendment of EU waste and water framework directive and amendment of national mining law


Expected Support of EC/Politics (2)

• Support and active cooperation in public relations to get the acceptance for ZEP

• Sufficient financial support of the ZEP recommendations within SRA and SDD to allow for the necessary R&D and to set out for 10 - 12 demo projects

• No preference for renewable energies within the European FP7

• Close collaboration in ETP-ZEP and in continuation of German COORETEC initiative


Summary

• Coal will remain its worldwide importance for electricity generation.

• Coal has to be used even more efficient and environmental friendly.

• Precondition is the large scale test of efficiency increasing technologies like integratedcoal drying and raised steam parameters as well as CO2 capture and storage.

• The necessary time-frame is about 10 to 15 years. Joint development projects make iteasier to be successful.

• CO2 capture and storage is a promising option to secure the future of power generation based on fossil fuels. It doesn’t reduce, however, the necessity of CO2 avoidance through further efficiency increases

• The technical feasibility of ZEP technologies is beyond dispute.

• The economic efficiency will depend on the polital frame-conditions.


Thank you for your attention

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