Overview of Drilling Operations
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Transcript of Overview of Drilling Operations
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI PETRONAS
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Section 1
Overview of Drilling
Operations
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Learning Objectives
To explain the importance of drilling in exploration,appraisal and development of a field
To understand different well types
To explain the steps involved in drilling and completinga well
To identify major cost elements when drilling a well
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Contents
1.1 Why we drill a well?
1.2 Drilling history
1.3 Field life cycle1.4 Well types; exploration, appraisal, development etc.
1.5 Drilling process
1.6 Drilling economics
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1.1 Why we drill a well?
To gather information- For subsurface evaluation
To produce hydrocarbon
- To get oil and gas
To inject gas or water- Reservoir maintenance
- Gas conservation
To kill a well
- To regain control of a blow out
To get geothermal power- To produce steam for electricity
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1.2 Drilling history
When was the first well drilled?- Worldwide
- Malaysia
- PETRONAS
Question1.2
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1.2 Drilling history
Worldwide
First commercial well was drilled in USA in 1859 Drilled by Col Edwin L. Drake
Answer1.2
PETRONAS
First well was for Duyong field in August 1980 Drilled by PETRONAS Carigali Sdn. Bhd.
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1.2 Drilling history
Answer1.2
MalaysiaFirst well was drilled in Malaysia was in 1910 Drilled by Shell in Miri (Canada Hill) aka Grand Old Lady
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1.2 Drilling history
Appreciate history!
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1.3 Field Life Cycle
Wild Cat Appraisal/ Delineation
Acquisition
Exploration
Development
Production
Abandonment
Water/Gas/Combination injection well Production well
Infill well
Work over
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1.4 Well Types
Exploration wells
Wild Cat
The first exploration well drilled in a new field with nooffset well information available to obtain data andprove hydrocarbon presence.
Appraisal/ Delineation
The subsequent wells drilled after a wild cat well tofurther assess the field and confirm its commerciality.
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1.4 Well Types
Exploration wells
Exploration well is theonly way to prove thathydrocarbon arepresent
Followed by appraisaland development wells
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1.4 Well Types
Development wells Oil and/or gas producer
Drilled to produce the hydrocarbon, oil and/or gas
Water injector
Drilled for reservoir pressure maintenance
Gas injector
Drilled for reservoir pressure maintenance or gas conservation(avoid flaring of gas, prohibited under certain environmentalconditions)
Combination wells
Combination of the above e.g. oil producer with gas injector orappraisal development wells
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1.4 Well Types
Other wells Geothermal well
Drilled in volcanic areas to inject water and produce steam togenerate electricity
Water wellTo produce water for daily activities or source of mineral water
Drilling cuttings disposal
Use to reinject cutting into formation for disposal
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1.5 Drilling process
Drilling proposal and Drilling program
Drilling proposal is prepared by the geologist and
reservoir engineer in the operating company- Provides information how the well will be designed and the
drilling program will be prepared.
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1.5 Drilling process
Drilling proposal and Drilling program
Drilling program is prepared by the Drilling Engineer
- Type of drilling rig
- Proposed location- Hole sizes and depths
- Casing sizes and depths
- Drilling fluid specification
- Directional drilling information
- Well control equipment and procedures
- Bits and hydraulics program
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1.5 Drilling process
1. Rig up
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1.5 Drilling process
2. Making hole by drilling
3. Setup the casing
4. Cement the annulus
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1.5 Drilling process
5. Repeat steps 2,3 and 4 using smaller drill bit and casing
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1.5 Drilling process
6. When reached the target, clean the well.
7. Install the production casing
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1.5 Drilling process
Typical well configuration
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1.6 Drilling economics
Drilling costs in Field Development
It can make up 25-35% of total development costs foroffshore field.
Any delays can give serious impact on the economicfeasibility of the development
Operators are anxious to reduce the lead time to a minimum
One well can cost up to more than $10 millions
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1.5 Drilling process
Drilling operations
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1.6 Drilling economics
Drilling costs in Field DevelopmentCost
($ million)
Platform structure 230
Platform equipment 765
Platform installation 210
Development
drilling
475
Pipeline 225
Onshore facilities 50Miscellaneous 120
Total 2,075
Table 1: Estimated development costs for a field
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1.6 Drilling economics
Drilling costs estimates Before drilling program is approved it must contain an
estimate of the overall costs involved
In new area, well cost can only be a rough approximation
In most cases, reasonable approximation can be made basedon previous well data available.
Types of drilling costs;
Time-related cost Drilling contract, transport,
accommodation, fuel, power
Depth-related cost Casing, cement, bits,
Fixed cost Wellhead, equipment,
Special/contract cost perforation, etc
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Review
Why we drill a well?
Drilling history
Field life cycle
Well types; exploration, appraisal, development etc.
Drilling process
Drilling economics
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