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Overview of Overview of Data Communications Data Communications

and and NetworkingNetworking

PART IPART I

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Overview

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Chapters

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 Network Models

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Chapter 1

Introduction

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1.1 Data Communication

Components

Data Representation

Direction of Data Flow

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Figure 1.1 Five components of data communication

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Figure 1.2 Simplex

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Figure 1.3 Half-duplex

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Figure 1.4 Full-duplex

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1.2 Networks

Distributed Processing

Network Criteria

Physical Structures

Categories of Networks

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Figure 1.5 Point-to-point connection

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Figure 1.6 Multipoint connection

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Figure 1.7 Categories of topology

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Figure 1.8 Fully connected mesh topology (for five devices)

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Figure 1.9 Star topology

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Figure 1.10 Bus topology

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Figure 1.11 Ring topology

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Figure 1.12 Categories of networks

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Figure 1.13 LAN

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Figure 1.13 LAN (Continued)

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Figure 1.14 MAN

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Figure 1.15 WAN

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1.3 The Internet1.3 The Internet

A Brief History

The Internet Today

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Chronology of Internet Evolution (W. Stallings)

1996 ARPA packet-switching experiment 1969 First ARPANET nodes operational 1972 Distributed e-mail invented 1973 Non US computer linked to ARPANET 1975 ARPANET transitioned to Defense

Communications Agency 1980 TCP/IP experiment began 1981 New host added every twenty days 1983 TCP/IP switchover complete

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Chronology of Internet Evolution continued (W. Stallings)

1986NSFnet backbone created 1990ARPANET retired 1991Gopher introduced 1991WWW invented 1992Mosaic introduced 1995Internet backbone privatized 1996OC-3 (155 Mbps) backbone built

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Growth of the Internet

Exponential growth in the 1990s (Web technology is a major factor)

More than 30-million computers were attached to the Internet in 1998

Doubling the size every 9 to 12 month in the 1990s

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the original ARPANET design

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Growth of the ARPANET. (a) Dec. 1969. (b) July 1970.(c) March 1971. (d) April 1972. (e) Sept. 1972.

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The NSFNET backbone in 1988.

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Figure 1.16 Internet today

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1.4 Protocols and Standards1.4 Protocols and Standards

Protocols

Standards

Standards Organizations

Internet Standards

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Websites http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/ http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/ http://www.nsrc.org/codes/bymap/ntlgy/

(Internetology: 1993-97, by continents, by date) http://www.w3.org/History.html (Web history) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_backbone http://www.nthelp.com/maps.htm (backbone maps) http://directory.google.com/Top/Computers/Internet/Or

ganizations/Internet_Backbone/