Overview of centralized biogas plants projects in Franceramiran.uvlf.sk/doc07/Biogas...
Transcript of Overview of centralized biogas plants projects in Franceramiran.uvlf.sk/doc07/Biogas...
Overview of centralized biogas plants projects in France
Will the new economic incentives overcome the non technical barriers ?
Christian CouturierSOLAGRO
75 Voie du TOEC31075 Toulouse Cedex 3
[email protected]él. 05 67 69 69 69www.solagro.org
www.lebiogaz.info
Biomethane production & use
Biomethane production
114 PJ Landfill gas
37 PJ
Enteric fermentations
50 PJ
Slurry storage
24 PJ
Biogas plants
3,4 PJ
Flared biogas
15 PJ
Atmosphere
94 PJ
Used biogas
8,8 PJ
Power plants
5,7 PJ
Boilers, driers & furnaces
3,1
Power
1,7 PJ
(460 GWh)
Heat used
2,4 PJ
Losses
4,7 PJ
Self-consumption 0,7 PJ
5,4
17
Sources : CITEPA, SOLAGROLast energy data updating : 2005
Trends
Biogas production : +10% / year during the last decade
Power production from biogas : +18% / year
Landfill gas schemes : +23 MW in 2006 (+33% of capacity)
MSW methanization plants :n 3 plants under operation (150.000 t)
n 12 new plants under construction or planned (> 1.000.000 t)
Agriculture sectorn Farm scale plants : 3-4
n CAD : 0
In operation
In construction
Planned
CalaisLille
Forbach
Metz
Saint-Lô
Angers
Clermont-Ferrand
MontpellierMarseille
RoanneBourg-en-Bresse
Amiens
Varennes-Jarcy
Blanc-Mesnil
Romainville
La Martinique
New economic incentives
Energy efficiency bonus
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Global efficiency
Bo
nu
s, €/M
Wh
Global efficiency = ( Power + Heat* ) / 97% x Fuel* Including digester heating
Price for electricity from biogas
Feed-in tariff, revised in july 2006
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000
Power, kW
Biogas plants
Landfill gas
Biogas plant, < 150 kW el,
efficiency > 75 % :
140 €/MWh
CAD projects in France
FERTI-NRJGEOTEXIA
TIPER
PROBIOGAS
JARNY
LES
CAD projects in France
~5
~5
~7
5,5
16
Investment (M€)
95 %
75 %
75 %
0 %
50 %
Manure (%)
District heating
Food industry
Food industry,
steam and water
Food industry
Self-use
Heat use
Farmers’cooperative created20Studies2005JARNY
[Lorraine]
Case-study for the PROBIOGAS programme
10 km biogas canalization
44Studies2005PROBIOGAS
[Midi-Pyrénées]
Local association under creation (farmers & municipalities)
52Studies2005TIPER
[Poitou Charentes]
Private project, includes 89 farmers for digestate use
38Permitting2001FERTI-NRJ
[Picardie]
Production of a solid fertilizer ; nitrate vulnerable zone
Partnership farmers organization / private company
60Permitting2000GEOTEXIA
[Brittany]
CommentsSize (Tg)
StatusProject start-up
Non technical barriers
n°1 : Heat use
Renewable heat issuesn Heat = 50% of final energy consumption
n Hot water = efficient heat carrier from producer to consumers
n Distribution => canalizations
n District heating in France : 3% of the housing ; mainly big cities
n Heat for industry ; but need for steam (only 17% of the fuel energy can be convert to steam with a gas motor ; and a gas turbine produces less electricity)
Solutionn Development of district heating : European Directive for renewable heat ; long-
term financing ;
n Looking for heat consumption (housing, services, industry)
n Construction of canalizations for hot water or for biogas, according to the distance between the biogas plants and the heat consumers
Capdenac Gare : food
industry, steam consumers
Mean distance from
farms to CAD plant : 11 km (real)
10 km
8 km
River Aveyron valley
River Lot valley
Tab le of Montbazens
bre
ak
Decazeville : district heating,
formerly coal, now wood
Non technical barriers
n°2 : Specific biogas canalization
PROBIOGAZ CAD project
Non technical barriers
n°2 : Specific biogas canalization
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
Heat used, GWh/year
50.0
00 t
on
s
1 Gwh valuable heat = ± 10.000 tons of biomass
n Investment : 100 k€ / km
n Annual cost : 15 k€ / km
n Heat value : 20-25 € / MWh (gas price) + 15-25 €/MWh (efficiency bonus) = 35 - 50 €/MWh
n Profitability limit : 300 - 500 MWh/y per km
Barrier :n Existing regulation
Solution :n Working group : security,
construction, guideline
Heat consumers
Steam and water
Gas
Water
Norea[Mauléon]
Gastronome[Neuil]
Heuliez[Cerizay]
Gastronome [Moncoutant]
Loel&Piriot ; France Champignon ; SOVILEG [Thouars]
Riblaire[St Varent]Calcia
[Airvault]
BTS Industrie[Chatillon sur Thouet]
BRM Mobilier, Wagon Automotive,
Ville[Bressuire]
Couvoir Boyé[Allonne]
Ville[Parthenay]
TIPER CAD Project
Non technical barriers
n°2 : Specific biogas canalization
Non technical barriers
n°3 : Gas injection to the grid
Barriersn Legal status : biogas injection is « lawful
but not permitted » ; specifications from authorities and gas operators are waited
n Health issues were cited about the Montech project (landfill gas upgradind): halogenated compound, heavy metals…
Solution :n Expert group of AFSSET (french agency
for health and environment at work) since Feb. 2007
Advantages for biogas injectionn High energy efficiency : not heat losses, few power consumption
n Low risk to loose the customer
n Production « with the stream », no influence of season / night / week-end
n Need for a renewable « green gas » in substitution to fossil gas
Non technical barriers
n°4 : administrative barriers
The legislation is unaware of biogas
n No legal norm for the solid digestate, unlike aerobic compost : problem for the commercialization and sale
n => AFNOR (french agency for normalization) work group dedicated to « digestate » from biogas plants, created in 2006
n Regulation concerning hazard for biogas plants is not clear
n Regulation concerning specific biogas canalization is not clear
Non technical barriers
n°5 : the involvement of farmers
Involvement of farmers in a CAD project : several conditions are required
Fertilizing issuesn Prove that digestate is better than slurry (for exemple : N-enrichment by adding
protein rich substrates from meat industry…)
For solid manure systems :
n Limit change for slurry spreading (same equipments…)
n Take in charge the switch to liquid digestate (equipement, storage)
n Prove that digestate is better than compost, i.e. mineralization of organic N is favorable
Economic issuesn Prove that CAD option is more profitable than farm-scale project, for each individual
case
n Fairly share out the benefits between all partners : farmers, waste producers, heat consumers, plant investor…
n Afford services - storage, spreading… - or money for slurry delivering
n Don’t ask for a fee from farmers : slurry is not a waste (except in N-excess areas)
Non technical barriers
n°6 : CAD operator
Need for a specialized developer
n Development costs for a CAD project = some hundreds of k€ ; duration : 4 - 5 years
n Includes : technical studies ; contracting with farmers, food industry, heat consumers, digestate users ; financement ; environmental studies, risks assesment ; planning ; permitting ; contracting with manufacturers…
n => Specialized business in biogas systems engineering is required, besides partnership with farmers, municipalities, local food-industry
n Cross-cutting concerns : energy, waste, agriculture… => a new profession
Conclusion
Due to the new feed-in tariffs for electricity, a new age is just beginning for biogas in France. In particular, biogas from agriculture is coming back.
Several CAD projects are under development. They will indicate what could be the « french way » for biogas from agriculture (obvisouly plural).