Overview of A&M data applications and data needs in JT-60U ... · Overview of A&M data applications...
Transcript of Overview of A&M data applications and data needs in JT-60U ... · Overview of A&M data applications...
25min.
4 Sep 2013
22nd DCN @ IAEA HQ
T. Nakano Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Overview of A&M data applications
and data needs
in JT-60U spectroscopic studies
Carbon (Z=6):
Neon (Z=10):
Tungsten (Z=74):
Intrinsic
(Wall material)
Seeded
Radiative in
peripheral plasmas
Radiative in
Core plasmas
Carbon: Efficient radiator in peripheral plasmas
T~104 eV
n~1020 m-3
Divertor plate (C) Heat/particle load → impurity
Carbon:
A good radiator for divertor plasma
cooling
Highly radiative at low Te plasmas
suitable for plasma facing components
High thermal shock resistance
High thermal conductivity
Low atomic number
Unacceptable for reactors
High fuel retention
High sputtering yield(short life time) Radiation
Present study:
C radiation process
C4+ recombination found
Divertor (T~10 eV)
T~104 eV
n~1020 m-3
Radiation
Divertor plate (C) Heat/particle load → impurity
Divertor (T~10 eV)
Carbon: intrinsic but Efficient radiator in peripheral plasmas
5
4
3
2
1
0
Inte
nsity (
10
17 p
h/s
rm2s)
605040302010
Viewing chord (ch )
C IV (3s 2S1/2 - 3p
2P3/2)
5 4 3 2 1 0
Intensity (1017
ph/srm2s)
100
90
80
70
Vie
win
g c
ho
rd (
ch
)
C I
V (
3s 2
S1
/2 -
3p 2
P3
/2)
Extr
ap
ola
tio
n
VUV
C IV (3s 2S1/2 - 3p 2P3/2)
X-point MARFE: Radiation peak at the X-point
Ioniz./Recomb flow & radiation
C3+
C 2+
(%)
C 2+
C 2+
Ioniz. flux
(1018 /m2s)
Recomb. flux
(1018 /m2s)
C 3+
C3+
C4+
*) T. Nakano et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 390-391 (2009) 255. , Nucl. Fusion 47 (2007)1458.
Spectrum( line identification):
lines are well separated, and thus identified with ease.
=> No theoretical calculation was needed
C ionization/recombination, radiative power:
Model: CR-model
Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(ADAS)
Evaluation (excitation rate):
2s-2p: exp-theory(ADAS) comparison possible
n<4 : theory-theory(ADAS) comparison possible
n=5 : only ADAS available
n>6 : no data=>H-approx. or your own run
Further evaluation is desired for important transitions
such as 3s-3p
Atomic data and application
VUV spectrum
Visible spectrum 1.0
0.5
0.0
x101
8
750700650600550500450400Wavelength ( nm )
Inte
nsi
ty (
10
18 p
h /
sr
m2 n
m s
)
C III
4f3 F
-5g3 G
C I
II 3
p3 S -
3p3 P
C III
3p1 P
1 -3d1 D
2
C III
5d3 D
-6
f3 F
50403020Wavelength ( nm )
10090
4
2
0
x102
0
4
2
0
x10
21
Inte
nsi
ty (
10
21 p
h /
sr
m2 n
m s
)
C I
V 2
s2 S1
/2 -
3p
2 P3
/2,1
/2
C I
V 2
p2 P3
/2,1
/2 -
3d
2 D5
/2,3
/2
C IV
2p2 P
1/2
,3/2 -
3s2 S
1/2
C III 2
p3 P0
,1,2 -
3d3 D
1,2
,3
C I
V 2
s2 S1
/2 -
4p
2 P3
/2,1
/2
C IV
2p2 P
3/2
,1/2 -
4d
2 D5
/2,3
/2
C I
V 2
p2 P1
/2,3
/2 -
4s2 S
1/2
E045211
C I
II 2
p3 P
0,1
,2 -
4d3 D
1,2
,3
C I
II 2
p3 P
0,1
,2 -
5d3 D
1,2
,3
C I
II 2
p3 P0
,1,2 -
3s3 S
1
C III 2
p1 P1 -
3d1 D
2
Inte
nsi
ty (
10
22 p
h /
sr
m2 n
m s
)
C I
II 2
s1 S0
- 2
p1 P
1
C IV
7-9
C I
V 3
s 2
S1/2
- 3
p2P
1/2
,3/2
C IV
5p
-6d
C IV
6-7
C IV and C III lines identified
The Lines were separated, and thus identified with ease
No theoretical calculation needed
Spectrum( line identification):
lines are well separated, and thus identified with ease.
=> No theoretical calculation was needed
C ionization/recombination balance, radiative power:
Model: CR-model
Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(ADAS)
Evaluation (excitation rate):
2s-2p: exp-theory(ADAS) comparison possible
n<4 : theory-theory(ADAS) comparison possible
n=5 : only ADAS available
n>6 : no data=>H-approx. or your own run
Further evaluation is desired for important transitions
such as 3s-3p
Atomic data and application
-64.5eV 2s
n=4
n=7
n=3
n=6 n=5
(De)
Excitation
Sponta
neous t
ransitio
n
Ioniz
ation
Radia
tive,3
-bod
y r
ecom
b.
Die
lectr
onic
recom
b.
C I
V (
Li-lik
e)
C V
n=1
n=2
-13.6eV
D0
D+
-3.4eV
Charg
e
eX
change
recom
b.
Application: Collisional-Radiative model for C IV*
Solution of Rate Equation
nC3+(p) = R1nenCIV (Ionizing )
+ R0nenCV (Recombining )
+ R0'nDnCV (CX-Recomb. )
• A coef. & (De) excitation:
n<5 ADAS
n>6 Hydrogenic approx.
• Ionization, 3-body recomb.:
ECIP approx.
• Radiative & Dielectronic
recomb.:
n < 10 Nahar
• Charge exchange recomb.:
D(n=1): ADAS
D(n=2):Shimakura
*) T. Nakano et al., J. Plasma Fusion Res. 80 (2004) 500.
-60
-40
-20
0
En
erg
y fro
m Io
niz
ation
Pote
ntial (
eV
)
ns2S np
2P nd
2D nf
2F ng
2G nh
2H ni
2I
7s 7p 7d 7f 7g 7h 7i
9s 9p 9d 9f 9g 9h 9i
2s
2p
3s
3p 3d
4s4p 4d 4f
5s 5p 5d 5f 5g
6s 6p 6d 6f 6g 6h
C3+
: 1s2nl
10-18
10-17
10-16
10-15
Excitatio
n R
ate
(
m3s
-1 )
1 10 100 1000
Electron temperature ( eV )
(b) 2s - 4p excitation
ADAS Burke Suno
n < 4 : Comparison possible
+30%
C V ( C4+ ): 1s2
Theory
Available excitation rate
(online)
n > 5 :
H-like approximation
Calculation with atomic code No data
2s-2p : Experimental data available
Availability of Excitation rates
C IV (C3+):1s2 2s
Theory + Exp.
Spectrum( line identification):
lines are well separated, and thus identified with ease.
=> No theoretical calculation was needed
C ionization/recombination, radiative power:
Model: CR-model
Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(ADAS)
Evaluation (excitation rate):
2s-2p: exp-theory(ADAS) comparison possible
n<4 : theory-theory(ADAS) comparison possible
n>5 : no data => H-approx. or your own run
for comparison with ADAS
Further evaluation is desired for important transitions
such as 3s-3p
Atomic data and application
Neon: seeded for plasma cooling
T~104 eV
n~1020 m-3
Divertor (T~10 eV)
Neon:
Noble gas
No chemical reaction
(cf. N => NHx, N retention in W wall)
Carbon:
Good radiator but unacceptable in
future devices
Metal plasma facing components
( C free )
Impurity seeding ( e.g. Ne )
Present study:
Ne ion fractions ( Ne II : Ne III: …)
Radiation fractions
Role of Ne IX recombination
Radiation Ne
Ne injection discharge
t=15s: Detach phase average
t=25s: Attach phase average
Bol. 36 similar to VUV spec. Compared with Ne radiation from VUV spectrometer
VUV spec 10
0
Total
Main
Divertor
Radiation (MW)
20
10
0
Ne puff (x10) (Pam3/s)
Line-density ( m-3
)
NB (MW)
2
030252015105
Time ( s )
bolo.36
C IV (a.u.)
Ne VII (a.u.)
( MW/m2 )
0.015
0.000
IS ( a.u )
Dd / Da
Inner Div.
0.015
0.000
IS ( a.u )
Dd / Da
Outer Div.
LPout
LPin
Bolometer
3
2
1
0484644424038363432
Radiation ( MW / m2 )
C tiles
C tiles
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
Ne
de
nsity (
Re
lative
)
IIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXNe
FONCBBeLiHe
(a)
Volume recombination enhances highly charged Ne ion densities
t=15s: Detach phase
Ne radiation: 60%
t=25s: Attach phase
Ne radiation: 35% 2.7x
1.5x
Ne VI and V : similar in both phases
Ne VIII – VII : higher in Detach phase, leading high Ne radiation
. Recomb.
Ioniz. Eq @ 20 eV
T. Nakano et al, J. Nucl. Mater. 438 (2013) S291.
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
Ra
dia
tio
n fra
ctio
n (
%)
IIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXNe
(b)
Volume recombination enhances highly charged Ne ion densities
t=15s: Detach phase
Ne radiation: 60%
t=25s: Attach phase
Ne radiation: 35%
2.4x
Ne VI and V : similar in both phases
Ne VIII – VII : higher in Detach phase, leading high Ne radiation T. Nakano et al, J. Nucl. Mater. 438 (2013) S291.
Spectrum:
Line identification was difficult only from available database
because of line blends => needs theoretical calculation
Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(FAC*)
Model: CR-model
Results: No good agreement
Needed corrections with wavelengths from
database
Note: FAC 1% accuracy for Ne
=> Too big even for low resolution spectrum
Atomic data and application
*) M.F.Gu, Can. J. Phys. 86 (2008) 675. http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~mfgu/fac/
4
3
2
1
0
Inte
nsity (
10
-15 )
600550500450400350300
Wavelength (Angstrom)
C I
V 2
p2p
3/2
- 3
d2D
5/2
,3/2
: 3
84
.17
,38
4.1
9 A
ng
C I
V 2
s2S
1/2
- 3
p2
P3
/2,1
/2 :
31
2.4
2,3
12
.45
An
g.
O I
V 5
54
.5
E049768 DL t=14-16s
No good agreement
between measured and calculated spectrum CR model by FAC @Te = 50 eV,
Ne VII
Dl=13 Angstrom
= 3% at 450 Ang.
t=15s: Detach phase
2s-2p lines identified in 300 – 600 nm : Good measure for line radiation
CR model by FAC @Te = 20 eV,
Energy levels from NIST ASD v.4*
*http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/
ASD/levels_form.html
t=15s: Detach phase
Spectrum:
Line identification was difficult only from available database
because of line blends => needs theoretical calculation
Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(FAC*)
Model: CR-model
Results: No good agreement
Needed corrections with wavelengths from
database
Note: FAC 1%-order error for Ne 2p levels
=> Too big even for low resolution spectrum
Atomic data and application
*) M.F.Gu, Can. J. Phys. 86 (2008) 675. http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~mfgu/fac/
Tungsten:
suitable for plasma facing components
for reactors
High melting point
Low fuel retention
Low sputtering yield (long life time)
Unsuitable
Highly radiative
Narrow operation window as PFCs
( TDBTT< T <Trecrystalliation)
Neutron damage ( transformation, etc )
Present study:
Suppression of W accumulation
T~104 eV
n~1020 m-3
Wq+
(q~40-60)
W divertor plates
Tungsten: a candidate for PFCs in reactors
10-5
10-4
10-3
nW
/ n
e
-200 -100 0 100
Plasma rotation velocity ( km / s )
Neutral Beam
Plasma rotation and central heating effective in avoiding W accumulation
T. Nakano and the JT-60 team, J. Nucl. Mater. S327 (2011) 415.
3%
Radiation collapse
Spectrum:
lines were blended significantly => needs theoretical spectrum
Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(FAC*)
Model: CR-model
Results: Good overall agreement for Wq+
q ~ 60 ( 13 keV, JT-60U )
q ~ 40-50 ( 5 keV, JT-60U )
q ~ 20-40 ( 0.5 keV, LHD )
Note: FAC 0.1% accuracy for W
=> insufficient for high resolution spectrum
W density:
Atomic data: Ionization / recombination rates (FAC/ADPACK)
Model: Coronal model
Results: agrees within ~30% with experimental data
Atomic data and application
*) M.F.Gu, Can. J. Phys. 86 (2008) 675. http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~mfgu/fac/
W63+(3s-3p) at 2.3 nm identified*
0.8
0.4
0.0
Inte
nsity (
a.u
.)
98765432
Wavelength (nm)
20100
656463626160595857565554
F-like W65+
Ne-like W64+
Na-like W63+
Mg-like W62+
Al-like W61+
Si-like W60+
P-like W59+
S-like W58+
Cl-like W57+
Ar-like W56+
K-like W55+
Ca-like W54+
E049786
q Synthesized
C5+O
7+
W55+~61+
(3p-3d) W60+~63+
(3s-3p)
W43+~45+
(4s-4p)
2pn
3sn
3pn
3dn
(a)
(b)
Assumed FractionalAbundance (%)
(c)3 keV
12 keV13 keV
Calculated by FAC
12 keV, 4x1019 m-3
JT-60U
Wavelength ( nm )
* J. Yanagibayashi, T. Nakano et al., J. Phys. B 43 (2010)144013.
**Y. Ralchenko et al., J. Phys. B 41 (2008) 021003.
EBIT(NIST)**
3s-3
p
3p-3
d
Isolated W44+ and W45+ lines identified
* T. Nakano et al., Nucl. Fusion 49 (2009) 115024.
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
10-1
4
W39
- 42
+
LHD:107466
Inte
nsity
( a.
u.)
W43
+
W44
+
W45
+W42
- 43+
Measured
Synthesized
Wavelength ( nm ) 4 5 6 7
5x
0.5 keV
4x1019 m-3
3 keV
8x1019 m-3
Fractional Abundance
W15+ - W35+ compose quasi-continuum between 5 - 6 nm
* T. Nakano et al., JSPF conference, Fukuoka (2012) 30D41P.
Spectrum:
lines were blended significantly => needs theoretical spectrum
Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(FAC*)
Model: CR-model
Results: Good overall agreement for Wq+
q ~ 60 ( 13 keV, JT-60U )
q ~ 40-50 ( 5 keV, JT-60U )
q ~ 20-40 ( 0.5 keV, LHD )
Note: FAC 0.1%-order error ( for W46+ 3p54d )
=> insufficient for high resolution spectrum
W density:
Atomic data: Ionization / recombination rates (FAC/ADPACK)
Model: Coronal model
Results: agrees within ~30% with experimental data
Atomic data and application
*) M.F.Gu, Can. J. Phys. 86 (2008) 675. http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~mfgu/fac/
Ionization equilibrium: still different
*T Puetterich et al Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50 (2008) 085016
Still different:
Shift to lower Te
in AUG calculation
0.001
2
4
0.01
2
4
0.1
2
4
1
Fra
ctio
na
l Abu
nda
nce
5 6 7 8 9
103
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
104
Te ( eV )
1
0.1
0.01
44+
45+ 46+
Fra
ctional A
bundance
AUG*
FAC
Ionization equilibrium:
(coronal model)
Sq+=>(q+1)+ ・nWq+
= a (q+1)+=>q+ ・nW(q+1)+
S = Sdirect + Sexcit.autoioniz.
a = aradiative + adie-electronic
10-18
10-17
10-16
10-15
Ioniz
ation
& r
eco
mb
. ra
te (
m3
/ s
)
102
103
104
105
106
Te ( eV )
FAC DR.
4d nl
4p nl
4s nl5d nl
5p nl
*S Loch et al., Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 052716 **T Putterich et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50 (2008) 085016
10-18
10-17
10-16
10-15
Ioniz
ation
& r
eco
mb
. ra
te (
m3
/ s
)
102
103
104
105
106
Te ( eV )
FAC DR.
FAC RR.
FAC Ioniz.
W44+
-> W45+
W45+
-> W44+
10-18
10-17
10-16
10-15
Ioniz
ation
& r
eco
mb
. ra
te (
m3
/ s
)
102
103
104
105
106
Te ( eV )
FAC DR.
FAC RR.
FAC Ioniz.
Loch Ioniz.*
ADPACK mod**
W44+
-> W45+
W45+
-> W44+
Present Ref**
Ionization FAC (DW) Loch code* (DW)
Dielectronic Recombination FAC ADPACK mod.
( x 0.39 ) Radiative Recombination FAC
Te ( eV )
Evaluation of W44+ ionization / W45+ recombination rate
10-11
10-10
10-9
10-8
Excitatio
n r
ate
( c
m3 /
s )
101
102
103
104
Te ( eV )
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Ra
tio o
f E
xcita
tio
n r
ate
s
W44+
: 4s2 1
S0 - 4s4p 1P1, 205 eV, 204 eV, 205 eV
W45+
: 4s 2
S1/2 - 4p 2P3/2, 201 eV, 199 eV, 200 eV
W44+
W45+
W45+
/ W44+
~ 0.44
LLNL, FAC, ORNL**) C P Ballance J. Phys. B 40 (2007) 247
LANL FAC ORNL
Ce
45+(4s, 4p)·nW45+(4s)·neI W45+(6.2 nm): 4s 2S1/2 - 4p 2P3/2 =
Excitation rate
I W44+(6.1 nm): 4s4s 1S0 - 4s4p 1P1
Close excitation energy (199 ev and 204 eV)
Similar energy dependence of Ce S44+®45+
a 45+®44+~ 0.44 ·
(Ioniz.rate)
(Recomb.rate)
Ioniz. Equi.
Calculation
Measurement
Evaluation of W44+ ionization / W45+ recombination rate
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.01.51.00.50.0
- 40%
+ 30%
Measure
ment
Calculation
Ce
45+(4s, 4p)·nW45+(4s)·neI W45+(6.2 nm): 4s 2S1/2 - 4p 2P3/2 =
Excitation rate
I W44+(6.1 nm): 4s4s 1S0 - 4s4p 1P1
Close excitation energy (199 ev and 204 eV)
Similar energy dependence of Ce S44+®45+
a 45+®44+~ 0.44 ·
(Ioniz.rate)
(Recomb.rate)
Ioniz. Equi.
Calculation
Measurement
Evaluation of W44+ ionization / W45+ recombination rate
*) T. Nakano, J. Nucl. Mater. 415 (2010) S327.
Measurement
Uncertainty ~ 30%
S44+®45+
a 45+®44+
Within the uncertainty,
is accurately calculated.
1:1
Spectrum:
lines were blended significantly => needs theoretical spectrum
Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(FAC*)
Model: CR-model
Results: Good overall agreement for Wq+
q ~ 60 ( 13 keV, JT-60U )
q ~ 40-50 ( 5 keV, JT-60U )
q ~ 20-40 ( 0.5 keV, LHD )
Note: FAC 0.1%-order error ( for W46+ 3p54d )
=> insufficient for high resolution spectrum
W density:
Atomic data: Ionization / recombination rates (FAC/ADPACK)
Model: Coronal model
Results: agrees within ~30% with experimental data
Atomic data and application
*) M.F.Gu, Can. J. Phys. 86 (2008) 675. http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~mfgu/fac/
Data needs
W H C Ne Ar Kr
Spectral data
Calculation error of energy level ( FAC )
1% 0.1%
Collisional data (excitation rate)
Everything is calculation with exceptions in light elements. Evaluation with experimental data is required. e.g. C3+ 3s-3p (visible), Neq+ 2s-2p(energy loss channel), W45+ 4s-4p ( isolated)
Ne7+ (2p) W46+ (3p5 4d)
Request: database ready for comparison with measured/calculated spectrum