Overview Mobile Technologies and Challenges

Actual Status and the Way to 5G

MNT Workshop DK, 9th and 10th of May 2017

Olaf HeischSenior DirectorTarget Account ManagementInfrastructure Services

Contents

ı History and Wrap-Up

ı 3GPP Technology and Mobile Network Trends (incl. IOT and NB-IOT)

ı 5G – Overview and Technology Framework

ı BTS Challenges: Architecture to Antenna Arrays (from today to 5G)

ı MNT (Mobile Network Testing) Future Trends

1G~1985

2G1992

3G2001

4G2010

5G2020

Transitionfrom analogto digital…

www

www

1. Define use case2. Analyze

requirements3. Define technology

1. Define technology framework2. Find a use case

History & Future � brief recap from user perspective ☺

ı Approx. 550 commercially launched networks in 162 countries

ı 127 LTE-Advanced systems launched in 61 countries (Carrier Aggregation)

ı 1.068 billion LTE subscriptions globally:3.6 billions subscribers in Q4/2020

ı More than 5,000 LTE user devices announced

ı LTE is the fastest developing mobile system technology ever

LTE Today (Source GSA: April 2016)

� LTE & LTE-Advanced is bridging the way to 5G

Technologies in brief:

Ref: Ericsson Mobility Report (November 2016)

Mobile Data Traffic Growth: it is happening!Ref: Ericsson Mobility Report (November 2016)

� Mobile data traffic growth… is real and ongoing!

Accepting the 1000x data challenge (2010 – 2020)

10xPerformance

10xSpectrum

10xBase Stations

Technology: Drive the spectral efficiency to the theoretical limits

Technology evolution: HSPA+, LTE, LTE-A, initial 4.5G or 5G, etc.

Interference mitigation Features likeInterference Cancellation

Spectrum: Efficient use of available or new spectrum resources

More carriers and/ or more spectrum

Carrier Aggregation include “refarming”

New spectrum:old TV channels; TV white space / ASA. Even unlicensed spectrum:LAA / LTE-U

Antenna: Optimization of macro site antenna deployments

Antenna Tilt optimization (interference minimization)

4x4 MIMO, Antenna Arrays, Active Antenna Systems (AAS)

Higher sectorization (3 � 6 sectors, cell splitting gain)

Deploying macro&micro

Heterogeneous Networks – how it may look like? Interworking of Wide & Local Area � Interference Coordination between layers is key!

Dense urban Urban Suburban Rural

Macro:> 5W Tx power> 300m Cell range

Micro:0.5…5W Tx power100 .. 300m Cell range

Pico/Femto:0.1…0.5W TX power10.. 100m Cell range

WLAN0.01…0.1W Tx power 10…50m range

Macro Cell layer

Micro Cell layer Micro Cell layer

Pico / Femto Pico / Femto Pico / Femto

Pico / Femto

LTE-Advanced 3GPP Rel. 12 & 13

� Joint FDD-TDD Operation� Network-Assisted

Interference Cancellation� Further Enhancements to

LTE TDD forDL-UL Interference & Traffic Management

� Coverage Enhancements

M2M / MTCSupport for low

cost devices

WiFi offloading

Small Cell enhancementsincl. dual layer connectivity (macro/pico) and 256QAM

D2DProximity service

detection and communication

Additionally: N

B-I

oT

NB

-Io

T

LTE Carrier LTE Carrier

NB

-Io

T

NB

-Io

T

GSM Carriers

3GPP Standardization Roadmap

2015

3GPP 5G Workshop

Channel modeling > 6 GHz

Release 15 Rel-16

ITU IMT-2020Submission

Release 16Release 14

5G Study Items (Evaluation of Solutions)

5G Work Items Phase 2

Release 13

5G Scope and Requirements

5G Phase 2Specification

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

5G Work Items Phase 1

5G Phase 1Specification

LTE Advanced Evolution

Next Generation 5G:

More than Mobile Broadband only ….. the enabler for IoT & NB IoT

Very high data rate

Long battery lifetime

Mobility

Massive number of

devices

Reliability, resilience, security

Very lowlatency

Very high capacity

Ultra reliable & low latency communicationsUltra reliable & low latency communicationsMassive machine type communicationsMassive machine type communications

Enhanced mobile broadbandEnhanced mobile broadband

IoT is seen as the

‘Trillion Dollar Opportunity’

Cities (Industry)

Body (Health)

Home (Consumer)

Buildings (Infrastr.)

Transport (Mobility)

+ 25% CAGR

Number of shipped Internet of Things connected Devices

Managed Services

Network Services

Hardware

Revenue Opportunities

$1.0T

$0.8T

$0.6T

$0.4T

$0.2T

$0.0T

Source Habor Research IoT market forecast https://s3.amazonaws.com/postscapes/IoT-Harbor-Postscapes-Infographic.pdf 2020

GSMA ‘Club of 1000!’ likes to “Avoid Chaos”:

Enabling developers to build efficient IoT devices and applications

IoT Device Application Tests Communication Module Tests

Connection Efficiency Tests Radio Policy Manager Tests

IoT Device Application behavior in terms of timing, efficient communication, security, adaptability, communication failure handling, power failing reports, etc.

Test related to the so called „Network Friendly Mode“ features like Back-off timers used to limit the signaling load for the network (non-standardized feature)

Test related to IP connectivity capabilities (IPv6), fast dormancy support, subscription identifier support and network security

Test related to the so called „Radio Policy Manager“ features like reset and connectivity counters used to limit the signaling load for the network (non-standardized feature)

GSMA providesIoT Device Connection Efficiency Guidelines and IoT Device Connection Efficiency Common Test Cases

IoT & NB IoT applications with quite diverse requirements

Challenge: Make LTE ready for the business towards 5G

Low CostLow Cost

DelayTolerant

(< 15 min)

DelayTolerant

(< 15 min)

SpontaneousComm.

DelaySensitive(< 1 ms)

DelaySensitive(< 1 ms)

Time Controlled

Small Data Transmission

Machine Originated

Only

Reliable& Secure

Limited Mobility

GlobalCoverage& Mobility

PeriodicComm.

Ultra Low Power

Ultra Low Power

Large #of Devices

Signaling reduction

overload control1ststep

Low Cost, low power,

low complexity2ndstep

Ultra reliable and

low latency3rdstep

3GPP Standardization targetsTargets:ı Higher data throughput ı Wider bandwidth (Carrier Aggregation)ı Higher complexity

(4x4 MIMO, interference mitigation, etc.)

Targets:ı Lower data throughput ı Less bandwidthı Lower power consumptionı Lower complexity

CatNB1

CatM1

Cat1

Cat4

Cat6

Cat9

Cat14

5G Spectrum Outlook

f [GHz]60 70 80 900 10 20 30 40 50

Available spectrumLink Budget

Used spectrum:~ 700 - 900: ~ 20 – 100 MHz~ 1500/1600: ~ 40 – 70 MHz~ 1800/1900: ~ 120 MHz~ 2100: ~ 120 MHz~ 2300: ~ 100 MHz~ 2600: ~ 140 MHz~ 3600: ~ 200 MHz

Additional spectrum approved at WRC15:450 – 470 MHz470 – 608 MHz (selected countries)614 – 698 MHz (selected countries)698 – 790 MHz (selected countries)698 – 960 MHz (region 2)694 – 790 MHz (region 1)790 – 960 MHz (region 1 and 3)1427 – 1518 MHz (partly in region 1, 2 and 3)3300 – 3400 MHz (selected countries)3400 – 3600 MHz (region 2)3500 – 3600 MHz (selected countries)3600 – 3700 MHz (region 2, selected countries)4800 – 4900 MHz (Uruguay)4800 – 4990 MHz (selected countries)

Sub-6GHz mmWave: 30-90 GHzcmWave: 10-20 GHz

Coverage

Mobility

Reliability

High Capacity

Massive Throughput

Ultra-Dense Networks

n x 20 MHz n x 100 MHz 1-2 GHzCarrier BW

Macro Small Ultra-smallCell Size

5G Spectrum Outlook Conclusion from WRC-15 related to 5G

ı Considered frequency ranges and bands to be studied for 5G:� 24.25 to 27.5 GHz� 31.8 to 33.4 GHz� 37.0 to 43.5 GHz� 45.4 to 50.2 GHz� 50.4 to 52.6 GHz� 66 to 76 GHz� 81 to 86 GHz.

� 28GHz band is not listed, but is still expected to play an important role for anticipated 5G deployments.

� Next WRC in November 2019!!

Delegates at the firstInternational Telegraph Conference (Paris, 1865)

ı NYU Wireless: US research center conducting massive work on propagation characterization at mm-wave frequencies since 2012

ı 5GNOW: Non Orthogonal Waveforms (started in Sept 2012)

ı METIS: Mobile and wireless communications Enablers for the Twenty-twenty Information Society(started in Nov 2012)

ı MiWEBA – Millimetre-Wave Evolution for Backhaul and Access (June 2013)

ı IMT-2020 / Future Forum*: China 5G organizations (Feb 2013)

ı 5G Forum*: Korean industry-academy-R&D cooperation system established in May 2013

ı 2020 and Beyond Adhoc: In Japan ARIB established a new AdHoc working group in Sep 2013

ı 5G Innovation Centre*: 5G research in the UK started in Nov 2013

ı Horizon 2020: EU Research and Innovation program (2014 - 2020)*

� mmMAGIC Project

ı NGMN 5G Initiative* (started at MWC 2014)

ı 5G Lab Germany* (TU Dresden, opened in Sept 2014)

Worldwide Research Activities and InitiativesOverview (chronological order)

*R&S is member/active

19

Architecture outlook, vision from NGMN

Network Slicingfor specific usecases

Where do we stand with 5G?

ı Transition from pure research phase and early 5G prototype and demonstrator stage towards standardization work.

ı 3GPP added first official (5G) work items in March 2016 and updated its timeline in June 2016 due to parallel industry activities outside standardization body.

ı Pre-commercial field trials are anticipated mid of 2017 with proprietary standards based on agreements between network operator(s) and their infrastructure vendors.

Verizon Wireless

Specifications

Rohde&Schwarz 5G coverage measurement setup

28 GHz Omni-Directional Antenna

Rohde&Schwarz 5G coverage measurement setup

SSS

PSS

ESS

18 P

RB

(PR

B41

to P

RB

58)

xPB

CH

, BR

SxP

BC

H, B

RS

41 P

RB

41 P

RB

Subframe #0 and #250.2 ms

Receive antenna26.5 – 40 GHz

broadbandomni-directional

R&S AC004R/L2

R&S®SGS100A RF Source

RF: 27…31 GHz

LO: 12.75 GHz

IF: 3 GHz

R&S®TSMA

autonomous scanner

(battery operated)

Downconverter

R&S®ROMES Drive Test Software

Cloud based network architecture- Centralized base station baseband with high number of distributed radio

units ideally connected with no latency (fiber); SDN and NFV- Traffic analytics and security will gain importance

New air interface technology / New protocols- Multiple air interface candidates analyzed in research- Obvious impact to the complete test portfolio

Massive MIMO- Significantly increased number of Tx / Rx elements (6GHz boundary)- Over the air measurements (OTA) become essential

Mm-Wave frequencies- High absolute frequency bands / wider bandwidth- New channel models reflecting different propagation conditions

Conclusion out of R&D and Specification Process

Impact from 5G Technology Options

Contents

ı 3GPP Technology and Mobile Network Trends

ı 5G – overview and technology framework

ı BTS Challenges: Architecture to Antenna Arrays (from today to 5G)

ı MNT (Mobile Network Testing) Future Trends

Macro Sites are dominant in ‚Rollout‘ ongoing

By 2020, we will see radio siteswith as many as 10 frequency bandsacross different technologies.Multiple radio bands across multipleradio technologies – 2G, 3G, 4Gand later 5G, within the existingsite footprint will call for solutions thatincorporate a much higher number ofradio basestations than before.

Increasing Number of BTS Rollout & Installation

ı Market Estimation 2015 to 2020

� 30-40 Frequencies � today� 70-80 Frequencies � 2020 (incl.. Small Cell)

• VSWR• Intermodulation• RF-Spectrum Uplink

BTS integrated test casescauses changes for

• Interferences• Network Planning• Optical

Small Cell BTScauses new complex network behavior • Optical & Platform

Active Antenna & 4X4 MIMO causes optical installations

2G GSM

830,000 Basestations

80 GWH (96 KWH per BTx)

3G TD-SCDMA

350,000 Basestations

13 GWH (37 KWH per BTx)

WiFi Data Offloading

4.2 Million Access Points

2 GWH Power consumption

4G TD-LTE

800,000 Basestations

16 GWH (20 KWH per BTx)

Cellular Network Energy Consumption (China)

Driving factor for ‚Rollout‘ � Reduction of …

Overall Power Consumption and

new Requirements/Technologies

Source: IEEE Communications Magazine, Feb 2014

� Better Network Efficiency gainsOPEX, e.g. Tier#1 MNO Europe:(20.000 sites) 160Mio€ p.a.

� MNO’s are investingfor new Basestations

Public Safety IoT Automotive E-Health

BTS Architecture Evolution 2002 � 2020

Backbone

Connection

Channel

Coding

Digital Radio Interface

TRX Filter TMA AntennaBasicUnit

Digital Remote Radio Head

Active Integrated Antenna

Active Antenna Beamforming

Radio

2006

2012

2020

BTS architecture towards RF FrontendBTS architecture into Cloud

Technology framework: Infrastructure trendsBase Station Architecture under changes

ı The past:� Passive antennas� Coax cable to the antenna

BTSBBU

RRU

ı The present / near future:� Passive antennas� Fiber to the remote radio unit (RRU)� Possibly RRU integrated into

antenna / first antenna arrays

ı The future:� Active Antenna Systems (AAS)� Fiber to the antenna

(distributed) BBU

Feedback

DA/AD

DA/AD

DA/AD

Con

trol

ler

CPRI

Combination: CPRI + OTA testing!CPRI: Common Public Radio Interface

(E///, Huawei, Nokia Networks, Samsung Networks, ZTE)

Technology framework: Infrastructure trends

Array

ı The near future (2016/17 – 202X (incl. first phases of 5G)):� Fiber to the remote radio unit (RRU)� First antenna arrays (today’s frequency bands, legacy technologies e.g. TD-LTE,

higher order MIMO, 6GHz boundary)

CPRI

The combination of CPRI + OTA testing is essential in the next years to come!

BBU

Important test cases for antenna arrays:� CPRI tests (optical tests + functional testing)

� RF tests (no antenna connectors accessible)� Over The Air (OTA) RF tests required� Remote testing (access to the test equipment)� Process Automation (pre-defined-testing for commissioning)

Contents

ı 3GPP Technology and Mobile Network Trends

ı 5G – overview and technology framework

ı Basestation challenges: architecture, antenna arrays (from today to 5G)

ı MNT (Mobile Network Testing) Future Trends

New areas for ‘Field Installation &Testing’ comes up very soon ….

• Air to Ground Communication

� Key Figures: LTE 2.6Ghz 10MHz � 3 Sector BTS & Up-Tilt-Sky-Coverage� Air: 2RX/1TX Omni 37dBm� Forward Link: 30Mbit/sec� Back Link: 17Mbit/sec

� Altitude 4Km – 10KmSpeed 500 – 800Km/h

• Drones for Sky Testing� R&S T&M

� Scanner� QualiPoc

Interferences and Spectrum Clearance

ı More transmitters & spectrum is becoming more and more crowded

ı Different 3GPP standards and deployments are overlaid

ı New modulation types – analog signals & digital modulation schemes

ı More complex modulation – higher order modulation requires a better RF environment

ı Spectrum refarming – moving services to different frequencies

ı Wireless connectivity – from “nice to have” to “IoT-devices”

Why is PIM and Interference a big issue today and in future?

• Receiver Sensisivity • Multipath Fading

In General: Intermodulation & Interferences comes up … why???

In FDD networks, multiple tones in ‘Downlink’

can generate interference in ‘Uplink’

Consequence:

1) Receiver Sensitivity & S/N goes down!

2) BER comes up! Poor Voice quality! Call drops!

3) Customer ‘Throughput’ decreases!

“Everything is fiber – the time for RF cables is over”…… really???

Exp.: Fair/Exhibition 2016,Indoor Deployment

RF is still alive …

Portfolio related to ‘Infrastructure Services’

RF Scannersfor Network Planning,Network Optimization

R&S®TSME R&S®§TSMA R&S®TSMW

Network Optimization

QualiPoc Android QualiPoc Remote Control Freerider III R&S®ROMES

Network Planning,Installation,Rollout & Maintenance

R&S®ZVH R&S®FSH QualiPocAndroid

Interference HuntingSpectrum Clearance

R&S®PR100 R&S®FSH

Benchmarking

Benchmarker II Freerider III Benchmarker II Go TCM Test Device Containment Module

Service Quality Monitoring

QualiPoc Remote Control

Data Management, Data Analysisand Reporting

NQDI II NQDI Classic R&S®ROMES4NPA

NQView SmartMonitor

Portfolio related to ‘Infrastructure Services’

PIM Tester as part of R&S MNT Portfolio:

PIMPro Tower (exclusive* sales rights)Discovering the lightest and most powerful PIM Tester

Designed and produced by the company

� Unique one-port measurements for:• PIM measurements• Distance to PIM• Distance to Fault• Return Loss

� Up to 2 x 40 W output power on battery operation mode� Lightest unit on the market� Easy to operate (smart-phone feel)� Easy and quick reporting (HTML and PDF)

* except Canada

ı The most significant 5G test & measurement impact i s expected from:

� Use of cm-/mm-wave frequencies while additional spectrum is explored from low to high� New air interface candidates – still a number of options are investigated

→ convergence required (essential for ecosystem)

� The need to enhance OTA measurements due to Massive MIMOand advanced active antenna implementation

� Architectural trends like C-RAN, virtualization, BS function split need attention

ı Indoor deployment and network densification workflow needs support by reliable T&M instruments

ı The combination of CPRI + OTA testing is essential in the next years to come!

Conclusion

Rohde & SchwarzMarket Segment Mobile Network Testing with clear focus on solutions linked to

Network Planning, Installation/Rollout and Optimization

Thank you