Overview / Goals Define Statistics / Epidemiology History Exam Differential Dx Tests Put It All...
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Transcript of Overview / Goals Define Statistics / Epidemiology History Exam Differential Dx Tests Put It All...
![Page 1: Overview / Goals Define Statistics / Epidemiology History Exam Differential Dx Tests Put It All Together Sample Cases.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032705/56649dd15503460f94ac75d6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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Overview / Goals•Define•Statistics / Epidemiology•History•Exam•Differential Dx•Tests•Put It All Together•Sample Cases
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Definition
•sensations of a rapid or irregular heartbeat
•
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Differential Diagnosis of Palpitations
•Arrhythmias•Psychiatric causes•Drugs and medications•Nonarrhythmic cardiac causes•Extracardiac causes
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Differential Diagnosis of Palpitations/ Drugs and medications
•Alcohol, Caffeine•beta agonists, phenothiazine, theophylline,
isotretinoin, digoxin•Cocaine •Tobacco
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Dietary Supplement Causing Palpitation
•Chocolate•Ephedra/Diet pills•Ginseng•Bitter Orange•Valerian•Hawthorn
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Differential Diagnosis of Palpitations/ Arrhythmias
•Atrial fibrillation/flutter•Bradycardia caused by advanced AV block or sinus node
dysfunction•Bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome(sick sinus syndrome)•Multifocal atrial tachycardia•Premature supraventricular or ventricular contractions•Sinus tachycardia•Supraventricular tachycardia•Ventricular tachycardia•Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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Differential Diagnosis of Palpitations/ Nonarrhythmic cardiac causes
•Atrial or ventricular septal defect•Cardiomyopathy•Congenital heart disease•Congestive heart failure•Mitral valve prolapse•Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia•Pericarditis•Valvular disease (e.g., aortic
insufficiency,stenosis)
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Differential Diagnosis of Palpitations /Extracardiac causes
•Anemia ,•Electrolyte imbalance•Fever•Hyperthyroidism•Hypoglycemia•Hypovolemia•Pheochromocytoma•Vasovagal syndrome
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History/PE of Palpitation
•Description : Fluttering, pounding, or uncomfortable sensation in the chest or neck,
or simply an increased awareness of the heartbeat
•Knowing the circumstances, precipitating factors, and associated symptoms
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Exam•General Appearance?•Vitals: Pulse, BP, febrile or afebrile?, tachypneic?•Neck: JVP?, bruits?, carotid exam?, thyroid
palpable and normal?•Pulmonary: Clear, rales or wheezing?•Cardiovascular: Apical pulse – regular, irregular,
mostly regular with some ectopy?, normal heart sounds?, murmurs?, gallups?, rub?, PMI
location?•Abdomen: Masses?, bruits?•Extremities: Edema – pitting or nonpitting?•…
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Differential Diagnoses•Arrhythmia (tachy / brady / SV / ventricular)•Heart Blocks (higher grade)•PVC’s / PAC’s•Sinus Tachycardia•Valvular Disease (usually arrythmias)•Structural Heart Disease (Ex.) HCM)
•Anxiety•Depression
•Hypoglycemia•Thyrotixicosis•Fever•Illicit Drugs•Prescribed Medications•Pheochromocytoma•…
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Diagnostic Implications•Overall:
-84% of cases received a diagnosis43% - Cardiac31% - Psychiatric10%“ - Other” (Medications, drugs, etc…)
-16% No diagnosis found
•ER or ambulatory setting? (differences p < 0.002)ER (87% diagnosis) Ambulatory (72% diagnosis)
47% - Cardiac 21% - Cardiac
27% - Psychiatric 45% - Psychiatric
13% - “Other” 6% - “Other”
13% - No diagnosis 28% - No diagnosis