Overview em comm_nuwan_day_one
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Overview of Emergency Communication Practices, Methods and Expected Outcomes
Nuwan WaidyanathaITU Expert
Email: nuwan [AT] lirneasia [DOT] net
http://www.lirneasia.net/profiles/nuwan-waidyanathaMobile: +94773710394 (Int'l Roaming) +8613888446352 (cn)
Workshop on Timor-Leste Emergency Communications Plan
2015 April 27
National Communications Authority of Timor-Leste, Dili, Timor-Leste
Outline
❑ Introduction
❑ Risk mapping
❑ Early Warning
❑ Incident
Management
❑ Telecommunications
resilience and
availability
Typical vertical horizontal integrationRailway Financial
Civil affairs … …… …
National
Provincial/Regional
State/Regional
County/Town/Village
Land Earthquake Water Heath
Firefighting Meteorological TrafficDiploma
tic“Horizontal”Inf. Sharing
“Vertical”
A variety of means to public
1122
33
Management platformManagement platform
Collection
Collection
WebsiteWebsiteFeedback evaluation
systemFeedback evaluation
system
SMS release system
SMS release systemProcessProcess Transm
issionTransmission
StoreStore ControlControl
National Emergency
Early Warning & Alerting
System
If you were to manage emergencies manually
❑ Channels N(N-1)/2 = O(N2)
❑ Information Lost in relay and propagation
❑ Redundant Data Collection
❑ Inconsistent Terminology
❑ Manual Collation / Calculation
❑ Delayed Situational-Awareness
N=5
N=8
N=16
Full Scope of Multi Agency Situational Awareness
scope
architecturekeep it Simple
functions
ALERTING(CAP)
REPORTING(SITREP)
Common Operating Picture
Components for Em. Comm. & Resilience
1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment
2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness
3. Situational Reporting for Emergency
Coordination
4. Telecommunications resilience and
availability
Defining Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk
Potential Hazard
High Exposure Low Exposure
Elements-at-Risk
High Vulnerability
(No Reinforcement)
Low Vulnerability
(Reinforced Structure)
Risk = Hazard & Exposure x Vulnerability x Cost
Spatial Representation of Risk
Risk = Hazard x Physical Vulnerability x Cost/Quantity
Type of hazardIntensityDurationSpatial Extent
Type of elements at riskNumbersEconomic valueLocation
Flood Depth or Intensity
Vulnerability Elements-at-riskHazard
5 1025 1005 1025 100
Overlay of hazard & element at risk
Exposure
(Probability of occurrence) (Degree of losses to elements at risk) (Quantification of exposed elements)
Modeling + GIS RS + GIS
Field Data
Framework for Disaster Risk Assessment and Disaster Management
Hazard Inventory
Triggering Factors Elements at RiskEnvironmental Factors
GeologySoilLand-useTopographyHydrology
RainfallVolcanic EruptionEarthquake
LandslideFloodDroughtCycloneEarthquake
BuildingsInfrastructuresPopulationCritical FacilitiesLifelines
Spatio-Temporal Probability
Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability
Quantitative Risk Assessment (Absolute Risk)
Socio-Economic Factors
LivelihoodsLiteracyGenderPovertyCulture
Qualitative Risk Assessment (Relative Risk)
Damage-intensity Relationships
Disaster Management
Disaster PreparednessDisaster Mitigation (Risk Management) Disaster Response Disaster Recovery
Sahana Center of Excellence at AIT Geoinformatics
Sahana CEO @ AIT is a program
complementing Sentinel:
https://sentinel.tksc.jaxa.jp/sentinel2/MB_H
TML/About/About.htm
You can request for technical assistance
from if you haven't already
Continue offering, primarily Asia and the
Pacific with preparedness and response
solutions/services for building resilient
communities
Components for Em. Comm. & Resilience
1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment
2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness
3. Situational Reporting for Emergency
Coordination
4. Telecommunications resilience and
availability
Warnings and Telecom
ICTs enable the linking of physical world within which hazards occur and symbolic world of the human likely to be harmed by those hazards, so that they may take life saving action. But the effective linking of these worlds requires not only ICTs, but also the existence of institutions that allow for the effective mobilization of their potential
(Samarjiva: mobilizing ICTs for disaster warning, 2005)
Physical world wherehazards occur
Symbolic worldwhere action
originates
TV, Radio & Cell broadcasts
Mediatedinterpersonal
Warnings (telecom)
Warnings (telecom)
The physical, the symbolic & their linking through ICTs, simplified More time to run; more lives saved
Alert Area Templates for Targeted Warning
1. Identify Risk (e.g Landslide)
2.Define targeted Alert area as a GIS Polygon
3. Assess whether the technology (e.g. cell towers) would cover the targeted area
Make the data available to the community and let them develop their own resilience plans
Components for Em. Comm. & Resilience
1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment
2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness
3. Situational Reporting for Emergency
Coordination
4. Telecommunications resilience and
availability
Situational Reporting
1.Victim calls or other calls
a hot-line
2.Filed observation (or
casualty-illness report
recorded
3.Situational-information is
processed
4.Response resources are
determined and deployed
Situational-Reporting (EDXL-SITREP)
1) SitRep: root element with qualifying elements
2) iReport: the type of report
• Field Observation: report sent by CERT members identifying incidents
• Situation Information: additional information for comprehensive information
• Response Resources: derived resources to deploy
• Casualty/Illness Summary: injury and health related information
• Management Summary: periodic summary of overall picture
Components for Em. Comm. & Resilience
1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment
2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness
3. Situational Reporting for Emergency
Coordination
4. Telecommunications resilience and
availability
Telecommunications Availability with RASTA
Early Warning NetworksStakeholders: ISRO, ...
Incident management:Stakeholders POLNET, NKN, RailNet
Participatory approach to evaluating telecoms and vulnerabilityes
Resilience of ICT infrastructure
Infrastructure Vulnerable to------------------ ------------------Submarine cables EarthquakesFibre optics Earthquakes, infrastructureMicrowave Cyclones, Wildfire, powerHF/VHF Sever weatherSatellite Solar flairs, space debris
ICT infrastructure ecosystem - is located in physical space- it is powered by energy sources- it is operated by people
Backhaul networks[issue] :: wired & wireless public networks depend on domestic and international backhaul networks for effective functioning[remedy] :: Competitive market approach to redundancy and business continuity (i.e. liberalized environments, multiple suppliers and technologies)
Congestion[issue] :: consequences of congestion for first responders are extremely serious. [remedy] :: is subscriptions to TETRA networks which are not interconnected to public networks
Optimizing the use of available networks
1) Understand the Coverings
2) Limit to the perfect Matchings
3) Optimize the objective subject to constraints (LP problem)
Hazards, Information, and Technology
Conduct a Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
Identify the most versatile technologies
Steps to take and Recommendation we will make
1. Critical infrastructure risk assessment
2. Alerting/Warning for situational-awareness
3. Situational Reporting for Emergency
Coordination
4. Telecommunications resilience and
availability