Overview Accident Causation Model 2011
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Transcript of Overview Accident Causation Model 2011
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OVERVIEW ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODEL
Accident Investigation, YK, 11
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ACCIDENT
AN UNPLANNED, UNEXPECTED EVENT THAT INTERFERES WITH OR INTERRUPTS NORMAL
ACTIVITY & POTENTIALLY LEADS TO PERSONAL INJURY OR DOLLAR LOSS
(EQUIPMENT DAMAGE).
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TERMS
ACCIDENTResult from contact with a substance or source of energy above the threshold limit of the body or structure
INCIDENT an undesired event which could or does result in a loss
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TYPE OF ACCIDENT
MINOR ACCIDENTS : Such as paper cuts to fingers or dropping a box of materials.
MORE SERIOUS ACCIDENT more serious accidents that cause injury or damage to equipment or property. Such as a forklift dropping a load or someone falling off a ladder
ACCIDENT THAT OCCUR OVER AN EXTENDED TIME FRAME Accidents that occur over an extended time frame: such as hearing loss or an illness resulting from exposure to chemicals
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THE ACCIDENTNEAR-MISS
Also know as a “Near Hit”An accident that does not quite result in injury
or damage (but could have).Remember, a near-miss is just as serious as
an accident!
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4/28/2004 prosafe institute 9
Gunung Es Kecelakaan
$ 1Biaya Langsung
Pengobatan, kompensasi
Biaya Tidak Langsung
-Kerusakan
-Terhentinya produksi
-Claim masyarakat
-Biaya penggantian alat
-Citra
$5-50
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LOSS
Nilaisaham
Peluangpasar
citra Ganti rugi
Kerugianproduksi
Kerusakanmateri
Cederamanusia
accidentincident
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ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODEL
Digunakan “Accident Causation Model” sebagai metodologi ilmiah dalam investigasi kecelakaan
Tujuannya Membantu menentukan penyebab
kecelakaan sampai pada ‘root causes’ Menentukan klasifikasi/jenis kecelakaan yang
logisMenentukan pencegahan yang tepat
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ACCIDENT CAUSATION MODELHeinrich Model Bird &Loftus Model The Damaging Energy ModelSurrey Model The Task - Demand ModelMORT (Management Oversight Risk Tree) The System TheoryEpidemiology Approach
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HEINDRICH MODEL 1931Domino Theory
An
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Dengan 3E :
STRATEGI PENCEGAHAN
HEINDRICH MODEL 1931Domino Theory
Safe Place
Safe People2. Enforcement
3. Engineering
1. Education
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BIRD AND LOFTUS MODELLACK OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL
Kelemahan fungsi-fungsi manajemen, Leadership, pengawasan, standard kerja, standard performance, correction error.
INDIRECT / Basic CausePersonal knowledge, skill, motivation, physical or capability work problems. Work standard
design, abnormal use
DIRECT / Immmediate CauseUNSAFE ACTS UNSAFE CONDITION
ACCIDENT
LOSS
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BIRD AND LOFTUS MODEL
– poor work practices
– inadequate or careless maintenance contractors
– group norms
– information overload
– disain kerja yang buruk
– diluar kemampuan pekerja
Aktivitas pihak IIITugas diluar kapasitas mental
– faktor disain– Hemat waktu & tenaga
– Cegah cape , lelah
– tuntutan untuk bebas
– mencari perhatian
PeralatanKonflik Motivasi
– Purchasing practices gagal menetapkansafety equipment kedalam spesifikasi.
– Gagal supervisi, Menginformasikan danmenginstruksikan regulasi
– Kurang waspada thd hazard
– Pengetahuan ttg pekerjaan
– Ketrampilan kerja
– Instruksi yang sesuai
ManajemenPengetahuan & Ketrampilan
External FactorsPersonal Factors
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The Damaging Ener gy Model
gravitasi- Orang jatuh- Objek jatuh
Listrik
Kinetic (motion)
- Kendaraan- Objek- Mesin
Potential
Chemical- Radiasi- Toksisitas
Heat
Light- UV- Laser- Visible
biomekanik- Kendaraan- Objek- Mesin
Radiation
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Sur r ey ModelTAHAP DANGER BUILD UP
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
YesNoNoNoNoNo
No
Tanda bahaya muncul ?
Melihat bahaya itu ?
Tahu bahaya itu ?
Tahu cara menghindarinya ?
Persepsi
ProsesKognitif
Responfisiologik
No Hazard Hazard Imminent Danger
Keputusan utk menghindarinya ?
Sanggup menghindarinya ?
Sur r ey ModelTAHAP DANGER BUILD UP
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
YesNoNoNoNoNo
No
Tanda bahaya muncul ?
Melihat bahaya itu ?
Tahu bahaya itu ?
Tahu cara menghindarinya ?
Persepsi
ProsesKognitif
Responfisiologik
No Hazard Hazard Imminent Danger
Keputusan utk menghindarinya ?
Sanggup menghindarinya ?
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Sur r ey ModelTAHAP EMERGENCY
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
YesNoNoNoNoNoNo
Tanda bahaya muncul ?
Melihat bahaya itu ?
Tahu bahaya itu ?
Tahu cara menghindarinya ?
Keputusan utk menghindarinya ?
Sanggup menghindarinya ?
Persepsi
ProsesKognitif
Responfisiologik
No Damage Injury / Damage
\
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The Task – Demand Model
Performance
Demand of tasks1
2
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MORT
Management Oversight and Risk TreeManagement Oversight and Risk Tree
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AccidentsDamage
Loss
OversightOmmisions
Acceptedrisks
Control factors
Accident amelioration
And
Incident
Preceding incidents
Energyflow
Informationsystem
Design and planning
Operationalreadiness
Maintenance Supervision
Barriers People inEnergy channel
And
Or
Managementsystems
Riskassessment
ImplementationPolicy
Or
M ORT
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PETERSON’S ACCIDENT/INCIDENT
THEORY
OVERLOAD• Pressure • Fatigue• Motivation • Drugs• Alcohol• Worry
OVERLOAD• Pressure • Fatigue• Motivation • Drugs• Alcohol• Worry
ERGONOMICS TRAPS
• Incompatible workstation• Incompatible expectations
ERGONOMICS TRAPS
• Incompatible workstation• Incompatible expectations
DECISION TO ERROR
• Misjudgment of the risk • Unconscious decision to err• Logical based on the situation
DECISION TO ERROR
• Misjudgment of the risk • Unconscious decision to err• Logical based on the situation
HUMAN ERRORHUMAN ERROR
ACCIDENT ACCIDENT
INJURY DAMAGE INJURY DAMAGE
SYSTEM FAILURE
• Policy • Responsibility • Training • Inspection • Correction • Standard
SYSTEM FAILURE
• Policy • Responsibility • Training • Inspection • Correction • Standard
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EPIDEMIOLOGICAL THEORY
OVERLOAD• Susceptibility of People
• Perception
• Environmental Factors
OVERLOAD• Susceptibility of People
• Perception
• Environmental Factors
DECISION TO ERROR • Risk Assessment by Individual •Peer pressure • Priorities of the Supervisor
• Attitude
DECISION TO ERROR • Risk Assessment by Individual •Peer pressure • Priorities of the Supervisor
• Attitude
Can cause or Prevent Accident
Can cause or Prevent Accident
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SYSTEM THEORY
MAN
MACHINE ENVIRONMENT
INFO
DECISION RISKTASK
SUCCESSFUL TASK FEEDBACK
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SYSTEM THEORY
MAN
MACHINE ENVIRONMENT
STRESSSOR
INFO
DECISION RISK
TASK
ACCIDENT
UNSUCCESSFUL TASK FEEDBACK
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