Population

Overpopulation

DefinitionOverpopulation is an undesirable condition where the number of existing human population exceeds the carrying capacity of Earth. Overpopulation is caused by number of factors: Reduced mortality rate, better medical facilities, depletion of precious resources.

Absolute overpopulationRelative overpopulationCauses of OverpopulationTechnological revolutionsTool-making revolutionAgricultural revolutionIndustrial revolutionIncreasing birth ratesPovertyImmigrationLack of family planningLack of EducationFood production distributionFertility treatment technologyMedical advancementsincrease in average life expectancyhealth caregood prenatal care

Increasing Birth rates (decline in death rates)- the infant mortality rate in 1900 was 165 per 1000 births, TODAY, that rate has lowered to 7.Poverty- For thousands of years, a very small part of the population had enough money to live in comfort. The rest faced poverty and would give birth to large families to make up for the high infant mortality rate.

Immigration- Many people prefer to move to developed countries like US, UK, Canada and Australia where best facilities are available in terms of medical, education, security and employment. The end result is that those people settle over there and those places become overcrowded. Fertility treatment technology- 191,000 infants are born in the U.S in 2005 alone were conceived in fertility treatments, accounting 4.6% of births that year.Medical advancements- in 1900, the average life expectancy was 48 years, but thanks to advances in medicine, today the average life expectancy is 78 years.

Depletion of Natural ResourcesDisappearance of Non-renewable resourcesIntensive factory farmingFood shortages/ StarvationEasier spread of diseasesWater supply contaminationDesertificationDeforestation/ loss of ecosystemsMass species extinctionsEnvironmental damagePollution (air, water, land, soil contamination)Changes in atmospheric condition/ global warmingRising conflicts between territories (increased warfare)Elevated crime ratesUnemployment

Effects of OverpopulationDepletion of Natural ResourcesLower Life Expectancy in the Fastest Growing Countries- According to a Harvard study, "Over the next forty years, nearly all (97%) of the 2.3 billion projected increase will be in the less developed regions, with nearly half (49%) in Africa." Already strained with relentless population explosion, many developing countries, such as in Sub Saharan Africa and Southern Asia, will experience a degradation of their quality and length of life as they face increasing difficulties to supply water, food, energy and housing to their growing populations, which will have major repercussions for public health, security measures and economic growth.Disappearance of Non-renewable resources- estimated that the Earths supply of natural gas will run out in the next 35 years if population continues to rise.

Food shortages/ Starvation- between 2010 and 2012 1 in 8 people around the world is suffering from hunger and malnourishment.Easier spread of diseases- the closer people become, the easier airborne illnesses are spread: 8.6 million Tuberculosis cases in 2012Water supply contamination- 3.4 million of people die each year due to water contamination related diseases.Desertification- nearly 1 billion people in 100 countries are threatened by the desertification of land.

Environmental damage- the general environment is very affected by overpopulation: more people, more CO2 emissions.Rising conflicts between territories- overpopulation would cause more wars regarding ownership of lands: 55,000 of terrorism-related deaths each year.Unemployment- the number of jobs available will never catch up with population boom: in the last 60 years, unemployment rate has risen from 2.2% to 6.1%.

Mitigation measuresAwareness and educationSex educationTax benefits/ ConcessionsEnvironmental protectionAccessibility to sexual health careBirth control measures and regulationsFamily PlanningUrbanizationExtraterrestrial settlement

Solutions to Overpopulation

UNFPA (The United Nations Population Fund): promotes equality for all people. Its mission is to help governments by collecting information about different populations (think censuses), providing sexual reproductive healthcare to women and youths, and family planning. Population Institute:educates policymakers and the public about population and promotes universal access to family planning, education, and services.The Audubon Society:aims at protecting the habitat of plants and animals, addressing the stressors that the population puts on these species.Worldwatch Institute: provides information to decision makers about environmental concerns by developing and disseminating data and strategies on topics such as climate change, resource degradation, population growth, and poverty.

Policy recommendations: OverpopulationCommission on Population(POPCOM) ThePopulation Act[RA 6365]- passed in 1971 made family planning part of a strategy for national development.Philippine Population Management Program(PPMP)in 1993- This was modified three years later to incorporate "responsible parenthood" policies.Responsible Parenthood and Family Planning Program.Policy recommendations: Overpopulation (In the Philippines)

Population policy effectiveness and outcomesThe population of the Philippines grew steadily from about 27million in 1960 to over 90 million in 2008. Statistical Update in Asia

Statistical Update in the World (top 10)

Projected 2050 population ContinentProjected 2050 populationAfrica1.8 billionAsia5.3 billionEurope628 millionLatin America and Caribbean809 millionNorth America392 millionMost populous nations by 2050TheUnited Nations Population Fund has calculated, based on current trends, the future population of the world's countries. These figures can easily change as events such as wars, diseases, breakthroughs in life extension technologies, or dramatic demographic changes would all greatly affect the results. The study projected the world population in 2050 to be 8.321 billion. ProjectedRank2050CurrentRank2014ChangeCountryProjectedPopulation (2030)Population (2010)Populationchange(per cent)World8,321,380,0006,895,889,000+20.7%0102+1India(demographics)1,523,482,0001,224,614,000+24.4%02011China(demographics)1,393,076,0001,341,335,000+3.9%0303=United States(demographics)361,680,000310,384,000+16.5%0404=Indonesia(demographics)279,659,000239,871,000+16.6%0507+2Nigeria(demographics)257,815,000158,423,000+62.7%0606=Pakistan(demographics)234,432,000173,593,000+35.0%07052Brazil(demographics)220,492,000194,946,000+13.1%0808=Bangladesh(demographics)181,863,000148,692,000+22.3%0909=Russia(demographics)136,429,000142,958,0004.6%1011+1Mexico (demographics)135,398,000113,423,011+19.4%

Population 2050:The global population is expected to increase by 38%, from 6.9 billion in 2010 to 9.6 billion in 2050. The population of children younger than 15 is projected toincrease by only 10%, a consequence of falling birth rates.

According to the United Nations' World Population Prospects report:Theworld populationis currently growing by approximately 74 million people per year. Current United Nations predictions estimate that the world population will reach 9.0 billion around 2050, assuming a decrease in averagefertility ratefrom 2.5 down to 2.0.Almost all growth will take place in the less developed regions, where today's 5.3 billion population of underdeveloped countries is expected to increase to 7.8 billion in 2050. By contrast, the population of the more developed regions will remain mostly unchanged, at 1.2 billion. An exception is the United States population, which is expected to increase by 44% from 2008 to 2050.In 20002005, the average world fertility was 2.65 children per woman, about half the level in 19501955 (5 children per woman). During 20052050, nine countries are expected to account for half of the world's projected population increase:India, Pakistan,Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo,Bangladesh, Uganda, United States, Ethiopia, and China.

Global life expectancy at birth is expected to continue rising from 65 years in 20002005 to 75 years in 20452050. In the more developed regions, the projection is to 82 years by 2050. Among the least developed countries, where life expectancy today is just under 50 years, it is expected to increase to 66 years by 20452050.The population of 51 countries or areas is expected to be lower in 2050 than in 2005.During 20052050, the net number of international migrants to more developed regions is projected to be 98 millionIn 20002005, net migration in 28 countries either preventedpopulation declineor doubled at least the contribution of natural increase (births minus deaths) to population growth.

Prepared by: (MLS 2-E)GROUP 3CAPATAYAN, Yvonne MaePABALINAS, Mary JohsyenSAN PEDRO, Joan GraceSONZA, Kyell Micco RoufVERGARA, Reymer