Overhead Transmission - Program 35mydocs.epri.com/docs/Portfolio/PDF/2011_P035.pdf · Overhead...

Overhead Transmission - Program 35

Program Overview

Program Description

Transmission companies face issues such as improving safety and reliability, as well as cutting operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. They are also seeking ways to increase transmission capacity without making large capital investments. Reducing capital expenditures for new and refurbished equipment is another priority. This EPRI research program is designed to address the research needs of transmission asset owners. The program includes projects focused on specific components (e.g., insulators, compression connectors and crossarms) as well as projects focused on issues (e.g., lightning and grounding, live working, and transmission capacity). The program delivers a blend of short-term tools such as software, reference guides and field guides, together with longer-term research such as component aging tests and the development of sensors for monitoring line components and performance.

Research Value

With the knowledge acquired through this research program, program members will have access to information that can provide them: Improved management of aging transmission line components Improved inspection and assessment tools and techniques Enhanced lightning performance reliability Tools to increase efficiency of transmission line design New live working techniques and procedures Schemes to get more capacity out of existing overhead lines Improved approaches to selecting, applying, inspecting, and assessing insulators.

Approach

EPRI research in overhead transmission will yield data and knowledge that will benefit program members. This information will provided in a number of forms and is expected to offer members both short- and long-term value. A comprehensive transmission line inspection and assessment reference guide, the Yellow Book, is continuously updated to ensure that it provides members with the most up-to-date, comprehensive understanding of transmission component behavior, inspection technologies, and line effects. Field guides and training software help workers identify levels of component deterioration and take corrective action in a timely fashion. The use of thermal and corona models of overhead conductors operating at high temperatures and understanding of the effect of high-temperature cycling on conductor systems can help operators improve capacity. Methods and tools are being developed to maintain transmission components and extend their life. Transmission line and foundation design tools enable members to incorporate the most current industry knowledge into their development plans. The program also performs long-term laboratory experiments to better understand the aging and failure mechanisms of structures and line components. Corrosion labs create environments to better understand the impact of corrosion above and below ground. Insulators are tested for aging and degradation to better understand their long-term performance characteristics.

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Electric Power Research Institute 2011 Research Portfolio

Accomplishments

The Overhead Transmission program has delivered valuable information that has helped its members and the industry in numerous ways. Some examples include: Conductor Cleaning Tool: This device is a more efficient, less costly tool for cleaning high-voltage

conductors. The new tool uses a detergent-like solution, enabling crews to thoroughly clean conductors without the traditional steps of unstranding the wires in the conductor and then restranding them after each strand is cleaned.

Inspection of Transmission Line Grounding Systems Field Guide: This EPRI report, one in a series of practical guides designed as reference aids for personnel working in the field, visually catalogs the various condition issues that commonly affect transmission line grounding systems. It presents photographs and short written descriptions of the conditions, and lists associated causes, failure modes, and impacts. The guide is printed in color on high-quality paper and is ring-bound.

EPRI has developed a PC-based software product called Transmission Line Workstation Design Tools, Version 1.0. It is an application tool to examine audible noise, corona, ozone, and radio noise generation, as well as the electric and magnetic fields of transmission lines with various bundle configurations. The calculations are based on those implemented in the Red Book applets.

Lightning Performance Prediction Software: TFlash, Version 6.0, is used to evaluate the performance of existing lines or help design new transmission lines. TFlash can also be used to evaluate the effect of individual lightning events that challenge transmission lines. It enables users to build models of transmission lines and then analyze their susceptibility to lightning. The software provides many tools to help users design improvements to power lines to reduce lightning outages.

Rating methodologies and complementary software has helped power utilities achieve higher transmission capacity ratings safely and reliably for existing systems.

Current Year Activities

In the coming year, this research program expects to accomplish these objectives: Updated Inspection and Assessment Guidelines for Transmission Lines (the Yellow Book) Tools and mitigation techniques to address sub-grade and conductor corrosion Thresholds for compression connectors inspection tools Inspection and assessment of crossarms Foundation analysis and design Aging of live working tools Lightning performance prediction software (TFlash) Transmission Line Workstation (TLW) Composite component accelerated aging results Software to aid in selection of corona rings (EPIC) Guidance on specifying porcelain and glass insulators Update transmission capacity guidebook and complete development of a “smart tool” for selecting

suitable options for transmission capacity upgrades Improve transmission capacity software and data analysis program for rating methodologies Develop additional instrumentation for increasing power flow.

Estimated 2011 Program Funding

$6.8M

Program Manager

Fabio Bologna, 704-595-2590, [email protected]

Overhead Transmission - Program 35 p. 2


Summary of Projects

PS35F Design, Reliability and Performance for Overhead Transmission (069257)

Project Set Description

The Design, Reliability and Performance for Overhead Transmission project set leads in the exploration and deployment of promising new technologies and tools to help overhead transmission owners design, maintain, and operate cost-effective systems. Its goals are to reduce operating and maintenance costs while maintaining or improving reliability and public safety. Products include design tools and software, development and deployment of new technologies, laboratory evaluations of components, guides, reference books, workshops, and training. Members further benefit through active participation in task force meetings, which provide engineers and supervisors invaluable information and networking opportunities. In short, members of the Design, Reliability and Performance for Overhead Transmission project set will be positioned to improve safety and reliability as well as to cut O&M costs.

Project Number Project Title Description

P35.001 Overhead Transmission Line Inspection and Assessment Methods Guideline

This project is a mix of tools, training, and information that will help members improve their inspection and assessment techniques.

P35.002 Conductor, Shield wire and Hardware Corrosion Management

This project identifies, develops, and assesses tools and procedures required to deal with conductors, shield wires, and hardware exposed to atmospheric corrosion.

P35.003 Structure Corrosion Management

This project helps determine cycle times for re-inspecting assets and the best methods of mitigating and remediating corrosion damage.

P35.004 Compression Connector Management

This project provides a holistic approach to the inspection and management of compression connectors.

P35.005 Crossarm Management Research is primarily focused upon assessing inspection technologies for crossarms and developing reject and ranking criteria for various construction materials.

P35.006 Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines and Surge Arresters

This project is a mix of tools, training, and information that will help members improve their transmission line lightning performance.

P35.007 Transmission Line Design Tools

This project will pursue the following activities: Examine upgrading modules in the Transmission Line

Workstation and investigate new modules for line designs one at a time.

Update and expand these modules to reflect changes that have occurred since they were last revised.

Develop a master program to facilitate efficient operation of these all modules and minimize duplication of data entries.

Conduct a workshop for technology transfer.





P35.008 Foundation Analysis and Design

The project first establishes a common design practice within the electric power utility. The practice is critically reviewed for improvements. A reliability-based design approach that shows the promise to improve foundation design is investigated in order to establish a methodology for the foundation design of overhead line structures. A specification for sub-surface investigations for reliability-based design will be prepared. The project will continue to assemble design information for the preparation of a design manual. The manual will cover basic theories, equations, different design approaches for various foundation types, and commonly available software for designing and analyzing transmission structure foundations. It will contain information suitable for not only experienced designers but also junior engineers who have little experience.

P35.009 Optimization of Transmission Design by Life-Cycle Costing

A life-cycle cost methodology for transmission line designs is first established, and then a model is developed. The model establishes the relationships between dependability, design decisions and associated costs. The life-cycle cost method helps designers and planners evaluate design alternatives based upon the present value of all costs on a common lifetime basis and chooses the best overhead line at the design stage. The model is tested using data collected from utilities and further refined. A calculator using the spreadsheet will be developed to facilitate analysis of life-cycle costs. A cost database will also be developed to provide cost input when they are not otherwise available.

P35.010 Live Working Research for Overhead Transmission Equipment, Techniques, Procedures and Protective Grounding

This project develops tools, procedures, and training materials for live and de-energized work to enhance worker and public safety, work efficiency, and reduction in cost and duration of maintenance outages.

P35.011 Polymer and Composite Overhead Transmission Line Components

This project addresses the use and maintenance of composite transmission line components. Through this project, members learn how to select, install, inspect, and maintain composite transmission line components used throughout the world.

P35.012 Ceramic Insulator Integrity Assessment

This project focuses on how to assess the aging population of porcelain and glass insulators, and how to properly procure and apply new and replacement insulators.

P35.016 Next Generation of Advanced Inspection and Sensing Technologies

This project documents the latest inspection and sensing technologies for overhead transmission lines, as well as early adopter's experiences with these technologies. Test results and demonstrations help members make more informed decisions when deciding whether to deploy such technologies.


P35.001 Overhead Transmission Line Inspection and Assessment Methods Guideline (052001)

Key Research Question

There are several reasons utilities need overhead transmission line inspection and assessment methods research. The current transmission infrastructure is aging, and it is important to keep it both reliable as well as extend its life. To do so, utility managers need to keep abreast of new inspection and maintenance practices, tools and issues. If inspection and assessment of the transmission infrastructure is not thorough, the systems will eventually become less reliable and components will fail. Without this understanding, utilities may not have a recovery plan in place when failures occur.

Approach

The Overhead Transmission research team recognizes the work processes and challenges of program members. This research project will employ a tiered approach that will develop a number of materials and then help utility workers quickly incorporate those materials into their everyday work routines. Application of the project's results should simplify their jobs and help them to do their jobs better. The research team: Develops and documents an understanding of indicators or symptoms of component degradation failure

in the Inspection and Assessment Methods (IAM) Reference Guide, the Yellow Book. Develops computer-based instruction systems to help in learning about assessments, technologies and

components. Develops field guides for field personnel that help identify and provide information on the state of a

specific component and the action to take if it is compromised. Develops and documents an approach to transmission line faults investigation and analysis. Develops and hosts hands-on workshops and conferences where inspection and assessment information

is disseminated.

Impact

This research project may affect operations and benefit the public in a number of ways: These tools should help improve the reliability of power delivery components. The inspection and assessment process should be enhanced. The public should get more reliable power delivery. Public safety issues may arise if a component fails. With tools and techniques to help prevent component

failures, safety can be enhanced in areas where the public live and play. Hands-on events can help improve utility workers' skill sets by training members on inspection methods,

available tools, and helping workers identify high-risk components before they fail.

How to Apply Results

The research program had been structured so the tools are ready to be incorporated into a member's standard procedures. Members will be able to supply field guides to their field inspectors. Managers can use guides to set up their assessment programs. Hands-on training can provide staff with knowledge that they can apply immediately in the field. Computer-based training can be used throughout all levels of the organization, including field personnel and managers, as they apply what they learn from the Yellow Book reference material.



2011 Products

Product Title & Description Planned

Completion Date Product Type

New Version of OHTL Inspection and Assessment Methods (IAM) Reference Guide (Yellow Book): This guide helps members initiate a new overhead transmission line inspection and assessment program or refine an existing one. It focuses on degradation of line components, and procedures and technologies for inspecting and assessing components.

12/31/11 Technical Report

New Pictorial Guide: This field guide will be available in electronic format. The guide is a pocketbook size (8 by 4 inches) and designed for field use. Many members are distributing these guides to all field personnel, and they are forming the backbone of their inspection program.

12/31/11 Technical Update

Future On–line E–Learning Module: An online self–paced learning module will be developed on components or inspection technologies. This can be used on a desktop computer or with members' current learning management systems.

12/31/11 Software

Proceedings of the Biannual Overhead Transmission Lines Workshop: The workshop covers inspection technologies and member practices. Technology demonstrations will also be provided. The written materials for the workshop will be assembled as a Technical Update


Approach to Transmission Line Fault Inspection and Analysis (Draft): This product will build on research conducted in prior years and will document a visual inspection approach following a line outage, and characterize typical fault markings on transmission lines.


Future Year Products



New version of OHTL Inspection and Assessment Methods (IAM) Reference Guide (Yellow Book): This guide helps members initiate a new overhead transmission line inspection and assessment program or refine an existing one. It focuses on degradation of line components, and procedures and technologies for inspecting and assessing components.


New Pictorial Guide: These field guides will be available in electronic format. The guides are pocketbook size (8 by 4 inches) and designed for field use. Many members are distributing these guides to all field personnel, and they are forming the backbone of their inspection program.


Future On–line E–Learning Module: Online self–paced learning module will continue to be developed around components or inspection technologies. This can be used on a desktop computer or with members' current learning management systems.

12/31/12 Software

Proceedings of the Biannual Overhead Transmission Lines Conference: Proceedings of the biannual Overhead Transmission Lines Conference .


Approach to Transmission Line Fault Inspection and Analysis (Draft): This product will build on research conducted in prior years and will document the approach and technologies for locating line faults including their accuracy.




P35.002 Conductor, Shield wire and Hardware Corrosion Management (063280)


Corrosion is a natural and unavoidable phenomenon that all utilities must face to a degree at some point. For some utilities, overhead wire failure due to accelerated atmospheric and galvanic corrosion is an immediate concern and major cause of unplanned outages and increased maintenance costs. One utility surveyed reported that failed shield wires were its foremost cause of unplanned outages. Reliability and availability of overhead transmission systems are a major concern in an ever-growing market with anticipated load growth.

Approach

This project provides tools and processes for inspecting and assessing overhead shield wires, conductors, and hardware. It also produces management and engineering guides. The project’s goals will be achieved via research in inspection, population assessment, selection and application of phase conductors, shield wires and phase conductor management program. NIR Spectroscopy to locate conductors with various levels of corrosion byproducts deposited on the

conductor surface. Understanding corrosion rates on test specimens and the associated tensile strengths. A corrosion

laboratory has been developed in Charlotte to study the effects of the environment on corrosion rates for conductors and hardware in atmospheric service. Exposure testing of these components will help quantify those areas and allow utilities to establish inspection cycles based upon actual corrosion rates and allowable sectional losses.

Replicate conditions needed for contractors and service providers to demonstrate and test new and emerging technologies. Flaws are installed with specific sectional losses and inspection methods are evaluated in the context of accuracy, cost, risk and probability of locating damage.

Population assessment methods based upon environmental factors and material exposure. Future workshops to disseminate research findings, technology demonstrations and hands on training for

inspection and assessment techniques.

Impact

The project will help reduce unplanned outages, improve reliability, and reduce associated repair costs by providing corrosion control and management practices for both overhead ground wires, phase conductors and hardware. It could also provide a more accurate picture of the status of the power delivery infrastructure, enabling more informed maintenance and fiscal decisions.


Transmission designers, engineers, operators, and inspectors will use the results of this project to inspect and assess overhead shield wires and conductors. Employing the knowledge gained from the project's results will help members develop a cost-effective maintenance program that will improve reliability by identifying and assessing high-risk shield wires and conductors prior to failure.

2011 Products



NIR Spectroscopy Development: This technical update will document the development of the control samples required for ranking criteria and the refinement of existing hardware to eliminate light intensity variations.







Environmental Factors Governing Corrosion Rates on Overhead Transmission Line Hardware: To optimize the hardware inspection process, circuits can be profiled for environmental factors that control corrosion initiation mechanisms. This technical update is designed to help prioritize circuits based upon age, current rating, proximity to shorelines or industrial activities, prevailing weather patterns, and many other environmental factors.





Inspection and Assessment of Overhead Transmission Line Hardware: This technical update will document the current state of industry inspection methods and examine new and emerging technologies for identifying degraded conductors and hardware.


NIR Spectroscopy Development and Alternate Technology Uses: This product is the continuation of the NIR spectroscopy technology development and work will entail a prototype and a study of packaging requirements.


Population Assessment of Transmission Line Hardware: Trending for corrosion has always been the most accurate method for targeting O&M budgets. Identifying areas more prone to corrosion issues could allow members to focus on pending issues and be proactive in avoiding costly outages.


Inspection Optimization and Environmental Factor Modeling With GIS Overlays: System modeling using existing government data and optimization by converging inspection results will allow a better understanding of the environment and its role in corrosion issues.

12/31/13 Technical Resource

P35.003 Structure Corrosion Management (063281)


The total cost of corrosion to the U.S. industry is more than $276 billion annually, of which more than 30% could be prevented through the use of optimum corrosion-management practices. Even within the electricity industry, the costs associated with corrosion range from $5 billion to $10 billion each year. Transmission and distribution lines are also greatly affected by the effects of sub-grade corrosion. These effects are manifest in costly outages and increased O&M costs. Visual inspection by excavation is the predominant method of inspection, but this process is costly and labor intensive. Thus, research is needed to provide members with methods for effective sub-grade corrosion management.

Approach

This project addresses the issues surrounding corrosion of transmission line structures by providing O&M staff tools and techniques to make the most informed and cost-effective decisions. This will be achieved through developing and refining inspection techniques and methodology, informed assessment practices, and effective remediation techniques. This project will culminate in the production of a comprehensive corrosion management program, with the ultimate goal of reducing total O&M costs associated with sub-grade corrosion. Assessment of commercially available coating systems to understand corrosion initiation mechanisms

and cycle time for future inspections.


Replicate conditions on test specimens at the Klondike facilities for contractors and service providers to demonstrate inspection technologies and mitigation methods.

Evaluation of inspection and assessment techniques dedicated to anchor rods inspections. Evaluation of inspection and assessment technologies for tubular structures. Evaluation of inspection and assessment technologies for lattice structures Development of electrochemical test techniques to measure corrosion rates on structures and grounding

systems insitu which will prioritize service areas and allow the development of inspection cycles for the lattice & pole populations.

Understanding corrosion rates on test specimens through soil exposure testing at the Charlotte corrosion laboratory will allow an understanding the environmental factors occurring within members service areas. These tests are designed to quantify the effects of these factors on the corrosion kinetics and help design mitigation methods to arrest the corrosion.

Research and development of cathodic protection systems for the internal surfaces of tubular structures. Future workshops to provide education and hands on training for inspection, mitigation and remediation

techniques.

Impact

This program may have the following impacts: Provide new tools and inspection methods to address sub-grade corrosion problems Defer inspection and replacement costs by understanding the features and benefits of new and emerging

inspection, mitigation and remediation technologies. Reduce O&M costs by matching cycles times with mitigation and remediation techniques. Reduce outages by understanding the life cycle of various structure types. Help engineering to reduce the probability of corrosion that may occur in new construction.


Transmission operations and maintenance staff will use the tools and knowledge delivered in this project to develop a cost- effective maintenance program to inspect, assess, and refurbish sub-grade infrastructure, and consequently extend its life. This may improve reliability by identifying and assessing high-risk sub-grade components prior to failure.

2011 Products



New and Emerging Technologies for Lattice Structure Inspections: Lattice structures represent the oldest asset in the utilities management programs. Inspection and assessment has been limited to direct assessment by excavation, which has proven reliable but costly and time consuming. This research represents a new method of structure assessment through the use of electrochemistry, which has been limited to laboratory use in the past.


Environmental and Corrosion Effects on Reinforced Concrete Foundations: Concrete foundations have been used primarily on critical structures or structures in areas where access is difficult. The mind set has been that the use of concrete precludes the need for any maintenance, and the industry is finding that critical structures can be at risk. This is compounded by the fact that inspection practices have been limited to visual and passive half-cell inspections. This research will address the corrosion initiation mechanisms involved with the use of steel-reinforced concrete and the effects of the environment on the concrete/steel matrix.







Structural Repair Methods for Lattice Structures & Grillage Foundations: The last aspect of inspection and assessment programs is how the structure is returned to its original condition at the time of installation. This technical update highlights available structural repair methods and the caveats associated with each method.


Mitigation & Remediation Methods for Tubular Structures: Tubular structures require different mitigation methods due to age and geometry of construction. Most tubular structures are less than 30 years old and have standing water inside, which creates a unique problem due to the lack of internal access. Some remediation methods do transfer from wood pole technology; however, methods of attachment vary and the net effects are not well understood yet.


Electrochemical Inspection and Remediation Methods for Concrete Foundations: There are many accepted passive and active half-cell techniques that will allow an understanding of reinforcing steel condition within concrete. This technical resource will provide a hands-on understanding of how to apply these electrochemical inspection techniques and what technologies are available to restore the condition of the concrete.

12/31/13 Workshop, Training, or Conference

Cathodic Protection for Internal Surfaces of Tubular Structures: The potential for corrosion on the inside of a tubular structure was unknown until recently. Cleaning issues before the galvanizing operation have resulted in premature structural failures and that has alerted the industry to the need for advanced mitigation techniques. This product is focused upon potential methods or techniques to deliver and apply uniform sacrificial anode, cathodic protection to the internal surfaces of a tubular structure.


P35.004 Compression Connector Management (065547)


Predicting the remaining life of compression connectors (splices and dead-end) is a major challenge. Splice failures are expected to increase with increased demand for heavier loading operations. Due to the limitations of existing inspection techniques, isolating the components early enough to avoid failure is difficult. Inspection techniques and population evaluation methodologies are needed. The performance of compression connectors is directly related to installation practices and procedures. Conductor cleaning and field personnel training remain two key priorities to address these issues.

Approach

Inspection of Compression Connectors: Technologies currently used to inspect splices include micro-ohm measurement and infra-red inspection. However, the reliability, repeatability, application methods, and threshold levels for these technologies are not well defined. In addition, each of these techniques provides limited information or is costly to implement. This project will increase understanding of the currently available techniques, their performance, and their application. Guidelines will be provided for their application, and promising new techniques will also be sought and identified. Workshop on Connector Inspection and Installation Techniques: EPRI will develop a workshop for field personnel and tools to improve the reliability of newly installed connectors. The workshop will be used to demonstrate the latest inspection technologies, as well as present best practices for the use of existing inspection technologies and connector installation.



Remediation Techniques for Compression Connectors: This task will evaluate the application of shunt-type devices to address compression connectors identified as high risk by field inspection. This research will address issues such as the performance of these devices, their life expectancy, application concerns, and inspection and assessment. Failure database: Continued maintenance of compression connectors failure databases (ongoing since 2009) to aid selection and replacement decisions

Impact

This research project may affect members' operations in a number of ways: Increase safety of transmission lines by reducing line droppings Reduce sustained unplanned outages due to compression connector failure Optimize spending of O&M funding Improve productivity of field personnel with training and field tools Address the loss of institutional knowledge by providing training.


Members will modify their current inspection practices as a result of the research. Operations and maintenance personnel can implement the developed EPRI population assessment methodology. Field personnel will be able to use the provided workshop training material as part of their in-house training programs.

2011 Products



Refinement of Temperature Threshold Limits: This product will build on research developed in prior years and will focus on the effects and impact of the environment on measurement threshold limits. This will include information from the failures database.


Proceedings of Workshop on Compression Connector Inspection Technologies: A workshop will be conducted based on EPRI research, and inspection techniques will be demonstrated. The latest inspection technologies will be demonstrated and the best practice for using each technology, together with best practices for connector installation, will be highlighted. The written materials for the workshop will be assembled as a Technical Update


Evaluation of Remediation Techniques: Remediation techniques and devices can be used to mitigate the effects of high-temperature operation on connectors that have been designed to operate at 93C or below. They can also be used to prevent further connector degradation by providing a path for current to flow around the connector. This task will detail the laboratory performance of different remediation techniques identified in 2010. The tests will help determine the long-term electrical and mechanical performance of these devices.


Conductor Cleaning Tool for Compression Connectors: This product will document the conductor cleaning technology for installation of compression connectors on ACSR and ACSS conductors







Online Training Module on Inspection Techniques and Evaluations: A computer-based training module will be developed that details inspection techniques and evaluations. This software will be able to be used with members' current learning management systems.

12/30/12 Software

Field Guide Inspection Techniques and Evaluations: A field guide for personnel will be prepared with inspection tools and techniques as evaluation considerations for compression connectors


Evaluation of New Inspection Technologies and their Application: This task will evaluate promising new inspection technologies. These will be tested and evaluated to determine feasibility as an inspection technology.


P35.005 Crossarm Management (067437)


Predicting the remaining life of structure crossarms is a major challenge to electric utilities. An increase in crossarm failures should be expected as transmission structures age. Due to the limitations of existing inspection techniques, identifying the components early enough to avoid failure is difficult. Improved inspection techniques and population evaluation methodologies are therefore needed. The cost and physical performance of crossarm assets is directly related to inspection practices and decisions. Identification of crossarm degradation and timely replacement decisions by field personnel remain two key priorities.

Approach

This multi year project addresses a range of crossarm concerns including selection, application and inspection to increase members confidence and reliability in using these materials of construction. In 2009 the project focused upon the degradation modes of wood crossarms and the existing tools and techniques available for inspection and assessment programs. In 2010 a test jig was designed, developed and constructed in Charlotte to facilitate the assessment of inspection technologies. Building on that foundation, project activities in 2011 and beyond will include: The assessment of existing inspection and assessment tools for wood, steel and fiberglass crossarms Development of new and emerging technologies with the associated features/ benefits. Field guide to aid maintenance personnel in the inspection and assessment of crossarms. Development of a crossarm failure database to track failures by material, age, size, type of construction

and environmental factors will provide invaluable information for inspection program optimization. E-learning module for field personnel training.

Impact

This project may have the following impacts: Increase safety of transmission lines by reducing crossarm failures Reduce sustained unplanned outages attributable to crossarm failures Address loss of institutional knowledge by providing training Optimize spending of O&M funding Improve productivity of field personnel with training and field tools.




Members will modify their current inspection practices as a result of the research focused upon inspection and assessment of crossarms. This project improves the expertise of the workforce and addresses the loss of knowledge in the industry. The project may culminate in reliability improvements by identifying and assessing high–risk components prior to failure. Operations and maintenance personnel can implement the developed EPRI population-assessment methodology themselves or as part of a supplemental project.

2011 Products



Evaluation Of Crossarm Inspection Tools and Technologies for Steel, Wood and Fiberglass Materials of Construction: Existing tools and technologies used for inspecting and evaluating crossarms will be evaluated, and a report will be prepared summarizing the findings for members.


Development of Crossarm Failure Database: A database of crossarm failures will be implemented to improve understanding of failure modes and frequencies. A standard format for crossarm failure reporting will be developed to support information gathering.





Field Guide on Crossarm Inspections and Evaluations: A field guide for field personnel will be prepared covering the failure modes, inspection tools, and techniques as evaluation considerations for crossarm inspection.


E-learning Module on Crossarm Inspections and Evaluation: A online training module will be developed to train field personnel in failure modes, inspection tools, and techniques as evaluation considerations for crossarm inspection.

12/30/13 Software

P35.006 Lightning Performance of Transmission Lines and Surge Arresters (051989)


Lightning activity is the leading cause of momentary outages on transmission lines. Addressing numerous aspects of a transmission line—shielding, grounding, insulation, and transmission line surge arresters—can improve lightning performance. However, identifying the most effective and lowest cost aspects is difficult. Transmission line grounding influences both the lightning performance and safety of transmission lines, and the most effective ground electrode design depends on a variety of factors.

Approach

The projects addressed in this project set are: Field Tool to Evaluate Transmission Line Grounds (EPRI ZED Meter®): Commercial ground electrode measurement techniques do not accurately measure structures that are grounded in multiple locations, such as transmission lines with overhead ground wires, steel lattice structures with grillage foundations, and two-pole structures. From 2004–2010, a technology that enables effective measurement of transmission line ground electrodes was developed and demonstrated, and an application guide was developed. In 2011, research will focus on adding additional functionality to the instrument.



Lightning Performance Prediction Software (TFlash Module): In 2011, TFlash will be integrated into the Transmission Line Workstation Generation 2 (TLW-Gen2) software being developed under P35.007 as a module. This will create a common platform and look and feel for all Overhead Transmission Line software including component databases, calculation engines for parameters, and tools for graphics and graphing. The software will retain the features of TFlash Version 6.1, and funders will be provided with software keys to access the various modules Transmission Line Surge Arrestors (TLSA) Research: This task develops information resulting in a TLSA application guide. In 2009, the guide was completed and an application workshop based on the guide held in 2010. In 2011, issues related to the long-term performance of TLSA will be addressed relating to attachment methods, housing, and more. This work focus on development of specific tests designed to address issues. Grounding: Companies are currently struggling with issues surrounding the theft of copper. This task will investigate the use of alternative materials and electrode designs. Issues such as design practices, life expectancy, corrosion, material compatibility and current-handling capabilities will be addressed. Improved Quantification of Lightning Impact on Transmission Lines with LDN: This task assesses the accuracy of the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) in relation to lightning faults. Findings will help enhance the usefulness of the NLDN for members and support improvements to the design and operation of transmission lines to reduce lightning-caused outages.

Impact

This project may have the following impacts: Improve lightning performance and safety of transmission lines by providing engineers with effective tools

and an improved knowledge base. Address the loss of institutional knowledge by providing guides and tools for engineering staff that are

new to the field of lightning and grounding. Reduce costs by providing improved tools (e.g., Zed-Meter and TFlash) for both field inspection and

engineering staff. Improve public and worker safety, as well as transmission reliability, by identifying alternative ground

electrodes.


Operations and maintenance personnel can apply the EPRI Zed-Meter to measure the tower footing resistance of structures on their systems. Transmission line engineers can use the Lightning performance prediction software to optimize the lightning performance of transmission lines with internal resources, or can outsource this work to the EPRI Lightning and Grounding Team. Information on TSLAs will provide design and O&M maintenance personnel with knowledge on the application of TLSAs.

2011 Products



Transmission Line Grounding Design Practices: This product documents simplified methods for calculating the ground potential rise and fault current distribution of grounding electrodes under power frequency fault conditions.


Overview of New Sensing Technologies used for the NLDN: Utilities use NLDN data on the location and magnitude of lightning strikes to investigate outages and evaluate the lightning performance of existing transmission lines. This report discusses new technology improvements in detection efficiency and the location accuracy of new lightning detection technologies, and how this enhances the usefulness of the technology.







Beta Version of Lightning Performance Prediction Software (TFlash module) in Transmission Line Workstation (Gen 2): In 2011, a new software called Transmission Line Workstation–Generation 2 (TLW-Gen2) is to be developed. A beta version of the lightning performance predication software (TFlash) module will be developed in TLW-Gen2 The software will keep the functionality of TFlash Version 6.1 and will incorporate the latest research findings.

12/31/11 Software

TLSA Energy Handing Capabilities: This product will document methods for calculating energy-handling requirements.


Zed-Meter: Effects of Shortened Potential Leads: This product will document the effects of shortening the potential lead length and provide guidance on suitable minimum lengths for varying soil resistivities





Lightning Performance Improvement using under Built Ground Wires: This product documents fundamental aspects regarding the application of under-built ground wires on transmission lines.


Sizing of Overhead Ground Wires with Respect to Lightning: Traditionally, steel conductors have been used for overhead ground wires, but increasingly OPGW is being used. These newer conductors may not be as tolerant to direct lightning strikes, and therefore dimensioning with respect to lighting currents is becoming increasingly important. This product will document the approach for dimensioning these conductors.


TLSA Testing: There are a number of issues related to the long-term performance of TLSA, including attachment methods, housing, and more. This product will focus on deriving specific tests to address these issues.


P35.007 Transmission Line Design Tools (060457)


In the early 1990s, EPRI developed a comprehensive transmission line design package, the Transmission Line Workstation (TLWorkstation)—a tool that facilitates effective design of transmission lines and has a large number of users. The TLWorkstation contains numerous design modules, many of which are based on outdated sources, such as the previous version of the Red Book. Given the increase in transmission line construction activities, the software modules need to be updated. Revision of the software began in 2005. First, the module ACDCLINE associated with the Red Book was updated with information from the most recent version of the Red Book. This module for electrical designs has been available since March 2008. The next module to be updated was the foundation design software, FAD. There are three components in the FAD software: foundation designs for poles, H-frame and towers. The first two components have been completed and are available. Foundation designs for towers are to be completed in 2010. In addition to new information and additional scope, these new modules also feature improved user interface with graphical feedback.


The original TLWorkstation has a simple master program called the Executive, which directs the user to the appropriate design module. A database containing common input data for the different modules forms part of the TLWorkstation. In order to extend the capability of this master program to include other software packages available internally such as TFlash, and to link to external software packages such as PLSCADD for the users to take advantage of one common database, this master program needs substantial improvements.

Approach

The project continues to update different modules from the previous TLWorksation or other EPRI design software. In 2008, upgrade of the FAD module, the most commonly used foundation design tool in the industry, was initiated. Algorithms and methodologies were reviewed, and the most current information, including applicable codes and standards, was incorporated. Additional foundation types not covered in the existing FAD software were added. The user interface, input/output, and database were improved. In 2009, foundation designs for H-frame structures that were not covered in the previous FAD software were developed. In 2010, foundation designs for towers are to be developed. By the end of 2010, the new FAD will cover foundation designs for all type of overhead line structures: MFAD for poles, HFAD for H-frames, and TFAD for towers. In 2011, a new software called Transmission Line Workstation–Generation 2 (TLW-Gen2) is to be developed. TLW-Gen2 provides simplified access to existing separate design software packages. It provides common location of information on line designs, thus avoiding duplication of input data and limiting input of data by users and advanced 3-D visualization of lines and structures. It will also have import/export capabilities for other commercially available software such as PLSCADD. The ACDCLINE software will be brought into TLW-Gen2 to form the first module under this project. Other transmission software packages/modules will also be brought into TLW-Gen2 one at a time. The first software package outside of this project to be brought into TLW-Gen2 is TFlash. Access to a particular software module within TLW-Gen2 is limited to funders of that project and is controlled by the software. In additional to modifying the ACDCLINE software that is required to fit into TLW-Gen2, the suitability of the ACDCLINE module for direct current applications will be reviewed and modifications performed. There is increased interest in high-voltage dc (HVDC) lines. Improvements suggested by users will also be incorporated. The goal is to produce the most current, effective, comprehensive, and easy-to-use software for transmission designs. In following years, other design software packages such as the Aeolian vibration software for single overhead conductors will be brought into TLW-Gen2. Other existing software or new software for overhead line designs will be reviewed, and discussed with users at task force meetings for inclusion in TLW-Gen2.

Impact

This project may have the following impacts: Help designers select optimal transmission line design parameters and designs Improve designer productivity Improve overhead transmission line reliability Reduce maintenance and repair costs.


The TLW-Gen2 provides an efficient and effective tool to help overhead line engineers design lines. It allows the designers to evaluate different aspects of designs—electrical, mechanical and others—without duplicating input data. Since all the modules have the same look and feel, TLW-Gen2 will improve productivity of the designers when using different modules. The new ACDCLINE will be extended to analyze the electrical effects of dc lines.



2011 Products



Transmission Line Workstation – Generation 2 (TLW-Gen2), Version 1 - Beta (including the ACDCLINE Module): Transmission Line Workstation-Generation 2 (TLW-Gen2) is a master program for controlling access to various design modules. TLW-Gen2 not only provides simplified access to existing separate design software packages but also provides a common location for information on line designs. It will thus avoid duplications of input data and limit input of data by users. It will allow interface with not only internal software packages but external software packages as well.

12/31/11 Software




Transmission Line Workstation – Generation 2 (TLW-Gen2), Version 1: The Transmission Line Workstation – Generation 2 (TLW-Gen2) developed in previous years will be finalized. The first version of TLW-Gen2 will be available by the end of the year.

12/31/12 Software

Aeolian Vibration Module - Beta: The Vibration 3.0 software developed by EPRI in 2005 for overhead line Aeolian vibration analysis and design will be updated to take advantage of the new features of TLW-Gen2 and to reflect any changes made in the latest version of the Wind-Induced Conductor Motion Reference Book (Orange Book). A Beta version of the Aeolian Vibration software will be available the end of the year.

12/31/12 Software

Aeolian Vibration Module: The software for Aeolian vibration analysis and design of overhead lines will be finalized and incorporated into TLW-Gen2, Version 1.

12/31/13 Software

P35.008 Foundation Analysis and Design (067438)


Construction of new transmission lines is increasing due to lack of activity in the past and the continuous increase in demand of electric power. A major cost of a transmission line is the foundation for the supporting structures. Improper design of foundations is costly. The additional cost of over-design does not necessarily improve the reliability of a transmission line if it is not compatible with other line components or soil conditions. Under-designed foundations not only lower the overall reliability of the transmission line but may also require maintenance that could have been avoided. It is therefore crucial that proper foundations be selected for a transmission line to accommodate the mechanical loading, the soil condition, and the environment to produce structures that perform well initially and in the long term. The project provides the state-of-the-art information and design methods to assist foundation designers in evaluating, selecting, and designing foundations suitable for each type of transmission line structure. This project will take advantage of the knowledge gained in past research conducted by EPRI, including the FAD design tool and a report published in 2007 on Management of Transmission Line Structure Foundations (1013783).

Approach

The objective of the project is to provide transmission line designers state-of-the-art tools for designing transmission structure foundations. Tools include design methods and associated assumptions, approaches, formulae, sample calculations, and data that are required to design structure foundations properly and efficiently. The project starts with a review of current information on the design of transmission line from



publications, standards, and manuals such as those from the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE), and the International Council on Large Electronic Systems (CIGRE). A survey was first conducted among electric power utilities on the design of transmission structure foundations. Survey results establish a common practice for the design of transmission structure foundations, such as typical strength and safety factors applied to computed foundation nominal capacities. In 2010, investigations of the reliability-based approach for transmission structure foundation designs was initiated. A guide assisting power utilities in designing foundations for overhead line structures using a reliability-based approach is to be developed. In 2011, a specification for sub-surface investigations for reliability-based design will be prepared. In following years, methods to design foundations between borings will be developed. Full-scale foundation tests will be performed to verify the strength factors. The results will be added into the database. The project will continue assembling foundation design information as it becomes available. Knowledge gaps will be identified and addressed by research. The goal of the project is to produce a comprehensive manual for the design of transmission structure foundations covering different design approaches.

Impact

This project may have the following impacts: Provide state-of-the-art methods for designing transmission structure foundations Provide information to evaluate risks of certain types of foundation designs Avoid expensive maintenance and repair costs Improve and provide uniformity to overall transmission line reliability.


The project will provide members with the most current practices on foundation design for overhead lines. Transmission line foundation designers can use this information to fine-tune their own design practice to produce reliable, cost-effective transmission structure foundations. The knowledge transfer to members, especially those with less experienced staff, is enhanced by attending training offered under this project.

2011 Products



Workshop for Foundation Design and Analysis: A member workshop will be conducted on the design and analysis of transmission structure foundations. Topics will include theories, methods, and software application.


Transmission Structure Foundation Design Manual - Chapters: A comprehensive design manual will be prepared a few chapters at a time. The manual will cover basic theories, equations, different design approaches for various foundation types, and commonly available software for designing and analyzing transmission structure foundations.





Workshop for Foundation Design and Analysis: A member workshop will be conducted on the design and analysis of transmission structure foundations including theories, methods, and the application of software.







Transmission Structure Foundation Design Manual - Chapters: A comprehensive design manual will be prepared a few chapters at a time. The manual will cover basic theories, equations, different design approaches for various foundation types, and commonly available software for designing and analyzing transmission structure foundations. New chapters will be added.


Workshop for Foundation Design and Analysis: A member workshop will be conducted on the design and analysis of transmission structure foundations including theories, methods, and the application of software.


Transmission Structure Foundation Design Manual - Chapters: A comprehensive design manual will be prepared a few chapters at a time. The manual will cover basic theories, equations, different design approaches for various foundation types, and commonly available software for designing and analyzing transmission structure foundations. New chapters will be added. The design manual will be finalized the following year.


P35.009 Optimization of Transmission Design by Life-Cycle Costing (066075)


When an overhead line is designed, all costs incurred throughout the expected life of the line should be considered. The total life-cycle cost of a transmission line is a combination of initial capital cost, operation and maintenance (O&M) cost, and cost of electrical losses over its entire life, as well as demand charges. The design is optimal when life-cycle cost is the lowest. Utility engineers require a tool to help them readily select an appropriate design option instead of picking the lowest capital cost. Without such a tool, options with higher line component costs could be overlooked. These components may offer a longer life span, lower O&M costs, and reduced line and energy losses. Thus, a transmission line with a higher capital cost may be more cost-effective over its entire life than a lower-capital-cost option. The life-cycle costing method helps designers and planners evaluate design alternatives based upon the present value of all costs on a common lifetime basis and choose the best overhead line during design. With today's high energy costs and difficulties in obtaining outages for maintenance, life-cycle cost analysis has become even more critical than it has been in the past.

Approach

The project develops a tool for conducting life-cycle cost analysis of transmission line projects. The project first identifies major critical components—structures, conductors, insulators, and conductor configuration—associated with transmission line design and other factors—land acquisition and site work—that influence life-cycle cost. This project focuses primarily on three main tasks: identifying data required on various components (specifications), developing a methodology for life-cycle cost analysis, and developing software as a decision tool for transmission line design. For the convenience of users, a database of costs to be used as input data when such costs are not available is also developed. This database is derived from analysis of cost information obtained from numerous sources.

Impact

This project may have the following impacts: Provide designers information on key components and factors that affect life-cycle cost Provide an important tool for selecting an optimal transmission line design Reduce the life-cycle cost of new transmission lines.



Workshops will be conducted and software developed. The workshop will educate transmission line planners and designers on the life-cycle concept applied to transmission line designs. The software will enable them to select the best alternative for the construction of a new transmission line. A supplemental project will develop a case study in which EPRI will work closely with members to identify issues related to the life-cycle analysis. The outcome will demonstrate the value of the project and provide a platform for additional research to improve the life-cycle model.

2011 Products



Life-Cycle Cost Analysis for Overhead Transmission Lines - Cost Database: A database of costs for life-cycle analyses will be developed. This database is derived from evaluating cost information obtained from numerous sources. The database will be incorporated into the software and provide input data for life-cycle analyses when such costs are not otherwise available.

12/31/11 Software

P35.010 Live Working Research for Overhead Transmission Equipment, Techniques, Procedures and Protective Grounding (051995)


Deregulation and the economic realities of today’s electric utility business are forcing utilities to ensure that transmission and distribution lines remain in service every day. Outages for maintenance are more difficult to obtain, and the associated congestion costs for taking lines out of service are becoming prohibitive. In search of solutions, transmission owners are increasingly turning to live-line working techniques as standard practice to perform required maintenance. Live-line work must be performed safely. Work on de-energized lines, when it is possible, still involves hazards that include step-touch-transfer and induced voltages. These hazards in de-energized work must also be recognized and mitigated. New techniques, tools, and procedures are needed to ensure efficient and economic execution of live work, and training is vital to promoting safety during both energized and de-energized work.

Approach

Over the past two decades, EPRI has helped many transmission companies achieve significant savings in the areas of live working and de-energized work by developing and implementing new technologies and training materials for maintaining and refurbishing transmission lines. The results of this effort were consolidated with industry practices into a comprehensive Live Working Reference Book (the Tan Book, 1018974) and the online Live Working Resource Center. Building on that foundation, project activities in 2011 will address specific issues in live and de-energized work. These will include: Aging and retirement criteria for live working tools and equipment Live work with high-temperature conductors Control or limiting of fault current at the worksite Robotic technologies for live working Documentation of new and unique live-work procedures Technology transfer through training videos/DVDs, conferences, and seminars.



Impact

The impacts of this program include: Improve reliability and availability by enabling timely maintenance of transmission lines, both energized

and de-energized Improve transmission performance Increase worker safety Decrease maintenance costs.


Participation in this project will help overhead transmission owners and maintenance service providers improve transmission performance, enhance reliability, and reduce maintenance cost by supporting worker safety when conducting live-line and de-energized maintenance on overhead transmission equipment, as well as through the development of new tools, equipment and procedures. New methods will be documented in written reports and the online Live Working Resource Center. Training materials will be developed in electronic media using live action videos, computer generated scenarios, and live narration.

2011 Products



Aging of Live Working Tools - Mechanical, Electrical: Tools used in live work are exposed to various types of mechanical and electrical stresses. Mechanical stresses include tension, bending, twisting, and severe shock loading. Electrical stresses include steady-state ac voltage and high transient overvoltages. This project will continue and complete the research and testing initiated in previous years, with two objectives: to understand in-use mechanical and electrical stresses and assess the capability of existing tools to withstand those stresses, and to determine the best methods for mechanical and electrical testing of tools, both in a utility test shop and at the worksite.


Robotic Technologies for Live Working: The first live working tools were developed in the 1910s—about 100 years ago—and they were made of wood. Fiberglass tools were introduced in the 1950s and have remained essentially unchanged for many years. Similarly, technologies and procedures used in live work have seen rather limited modernization. Recently, with advances in materials, sensor technologies, communications and robotics, development of new tools that utilize such advances is possible. This project will explore available modern technologies such as self-propelled robots, special coatings, and various types of sensors and control algorithms, and will assess their applicability to live work. Examples of modernized and futuristic tools and technologies will be analyzed.


Control of Fault Current at the Worksite: Increasing line loading, use of high-temperature conductors, and dense utilization of transmission corridors often lead to increases in fault current at a transmission or substation worksite. This in turn creates increased hazards in terms of step-touch-transfer voltages, arc flash exposure, and equipment-related damage. This project will explore ways of controlling, reducing, re-directing, and suppressing fault currents to minimize worksite hazards. Innovative approaches will be used, and possible impacts on system operation will be considered.







LW with high-temperature conductors: Increasing use of high-temperature conductors (conductors that operate at 200oC or more) has raised significant concerns about the ability to perform live work. Concerns mostly relate to the following areas: Bare-hand work on hot conductors and hardware Possible effects of prolonged exposure of tools to high temperatures Ability to recognize high-temperature conductors prior to commencement of

work Possible need to train crews and develop new specialized tools for work on

high-temperature conductors. This product will address the above areas, identify issues and discuss optimal solution approaches.





Live Working on HVDC Lines: EPRI has in the past performed some limited research related to live work on HVAC lines. However, industry information, guidelines, and Minimum Approach Distance values for live work on HVDC lines are outdated, inadequate, and not backed up by sufficient research. In view of increased interest in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems, this project will perform research and full-scale tests, and will develop needed guidelines for live work on HVDC lines.


Robotic Technologies for Live Working: This product will build on research performed in prior years to explore available modern technologies such as self-propelled robots, special coatings, and various types of sensors and control algorithms, and will assess their applicability to live work. Examples of modernized and futuristic tools and technologies will be analyzed.


LW with high-temperature conductors: This product will build on research performed in prior years and will address areas of concern, identify issues, and discuss optimal solution approaches.


LW friendly/unfriendly structures: This product will develop guidelines for optimizing transmission structures to facilitate efficient and safe live work. Practical examples of low-cost and high-cost modifications to structures will be included. For new structures, modifications that can easily be done at the design stage rather retrofitting already-built structures will be highlighted.


Training Materials for Live Work on HVDC Lines: In view of increased interest in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) system, this project will build on the companion project on live work on HVDC lines, and will develop training materials on the subject.


Control of Fault Current at the Worksite: This product will build on research performed in prior years and will explore ways of controlling, reducing, re-directing, and suppressing fault currents to minimize worksite hazards. Innovative approaches will be used, and the possible impact on system operation will be considered.


LW with high-temperature conductors: This product will build on the companion project on live work on high-temperature conductors, and will develop training materials on the subject.






LW friendly/unfriendly structures: This product will build on the companion project on live-work friendly/unfriendly structures, and will develop training materials on the subject.


P35.011 Polymer and Composite Overhead Transmission Line Components (051993)


Due to their reduced cost, ease of handling, improved contamination performance, and resistance to vandalism—as well as a lack of availability of traditional components—composite components such as polymer insulators are proliferating on the electricity system. However, these composite components have certain disadvantages and uncertainties.

Approach

This ongoing multi-year project addresses a range of composite component concerns—including selection, application, and inspection—to increase members' confidence and reliability in using these components. This project includes examination of all overhead transmission line composite components, such as guy strain insulators, composite/fiberglass crossarms, and composite poles. There are many similarities among these polymer/composite technologies. Specific topics and tasks will be added and removed under the direction of the Insulator Task Force. Priorities determined by the task force for 2011 are: Multi-stress accelerated aging test for polymer insulators, guy-strain insulators, fiberglass crossarms, and

composite poles at 230 kilovolts (kV). A full evaluation of the insulators will be performed and compared to previous evaluations of in-service units. A web-based report of the inspection results of the multi-stress accelerated aging test will be delivered.

Short-term tests to evaluate the performance of composite components, including life expectancy. The intention is that utilities will include these in their specifications.

Continued maintenance of polymer insulator and fiberglass components failure databases (ongoing since 1997) to aid selection and replacement decisions.

Continued assessment of service-aged insulators and maintenance of an inspection database results in an understanding on how insulators age and to validate the aging chamber.

Updated information in the vintage insulator database. Development of a software tool (EPIC) to aid with corona ring selection. Development of a protocol to assess an in-service population of polymer insulators to make informed

decisions on replacement. Develop plans to evaluate the corona threshold on end fitting seals, evaluate corona ring use and

durability, and assess life expectancy of corona damaged insulators.

Impact

The project may have these impacts: Reduce construction costs and improve performance by correctly applying composite components Avoid sustained outages by inspecting and assessing both individual and populations of insulators Help members develop effective specifications, ensuring long-term performance of composite

components Improve engineer productivity by providing information and tools.



Engineers will use the multi-stress aging test results to assess existing populations of composite components and evaluate different composite component designs.

Transmission line design and procurement engineers will use the Guide to Specifying and Procuring Polymer Insulators in-house or request in-house training from EPRI as part of a supplemental project. Members will include the short-term tests in their procurement specifications to vendors.

The failure database information will help evaluate aging populations of units and selection of new designs.

The inspection of service-aged insulators will aid in understanding how insulators age and the factors of aging. Members can use this information to improve application for better reliability and performance.

The Corona Ring Selection Software Tool is used when designing new applications and evaluating the performance of existing applications in service.

The vintage guide allows members to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the different designs they have in service.

Either members or EPRI can use the population assessment methodology to determine whether to extend the life of existing insulators in service.

2011 Products



Short-Term Tests to Evaluate Aging Performance: Short-term aging tests are being developed to evaluate the ability of polymer insulators to withstand long-term exposure to corona in a relatively short time. EPRI has successfully developed these tests and will develop a guideline for how they can be used in specification tests.


E-field Modeling Software (Update): EPRI's E-field modeling software will be improved to better model the end fitting seal and define the seal shape for each manufacturer. Added to the software will be the ability to mix manufacturers' corona ring and insulator, and incorrectly install the corona ring. This feature is important to understanding the risk of failure due to incorrect corona ring installation. Another addition will be the ability to model braced post configurations.

12/31/11 Software

Update of the Polymer Insulator Vintage Guide: In order to assess the condition of a transmission line, one must know what is installed. For polymer insulators, this can be a difficult task as there are many different designs in use. This guide attempts to keep up with the changes in the various designs throughout the years and is updated biannually.


Progress Update for the 115/138 kV Accelerated Aging Test: The 115/138-kV Accelerated Aging Test is being run to evaluate the aging mechanism of polymer insulators installed at 115 and 138 kV. In addition to basic aging, this test is also evaluating the effect of retrofitting polymer insulators with corona rings, with the intent of maximizing service life. This report will describe the objectives of the test, present the set up, the approach of the test, and describe the evaluation methods that are used.


Polymer Insulator Population Assessment Tool: Assessing a population of polymer insulators requires unique knowledge about the aging mechanisms of their various designs. This software tool uses decades of knowledge to provide a degradation and failure assessment of populations of polymer insulators. Users will provide some basic information about the configuration and operating environment, and the software will output a risk of failure. The software will handle multiple populations and the user will be able to quickly compare those populations against each other for prioritizing.

12/31/11 Software






Interactive Aging Chamber Report: The 230 kV Accelerated Aging Chamber has been running for nearly 5 years with more than 40 polymer components being aged at an estimated rate of 10 years per year. This report presents the results of inspections that take place twice a year in a format that is easy to navigate by using hyperlinked pages.

12/31/11 Software




End Fitting Seal Evaluation: The E-field levels needed on an end fitting seal to cause corona damage has not been well investigated. In this task, small-scale testing will be performed to evaluate what E-field levels are needed to initiate water-drop corona on the end fitting seal. As part of this task, the end fitting seal for each manufacturer will need to be defined. This report will present the results of the small-scale tests and propose E-field limits for each of the end fitting seal designs tested.


Corona Ring Assessment: This task will look at a corona ring's material, durability, and ease of installation. Installation assessment will include how hard it is to incorrectly install the corona ring and the impact of mixing manufacturers' insulators and corona rings. This report will describe how each test was performed, what its intention was, and results of the tests for each corona ring.


Life Expectancy of 230kv Insulators with Corona Damage: Based on the results of the previous 230-kV aging test, NGK modified its corona ring to reduced the likelihood of corona discharge against the rubber sheath. The question remains: can the old corona rings be replaced in-service without having to replace the insulators This task will evaluate how much life may have been lost by using the older design corona ring.


P35.012 Ceramic Insulator Integrity Assessment (060456)


Currently, millions of ceramic insulators are approaching or have exceeded the end of their intended service life. Since a large number of transmission lines were built in the 1950s and 1960s, these ceramic insulators are 50 years old. While the performance of ceramic insulators has traditionally been very good, the number of problems observed is rising. Simultaneously, the number of ceramic insulators in service for more than 30 to 40 years has also increased significantly. Concerns are growing about performance issues with the current population of insulators and the availability of inspection techniques to identify high-risk units prior to failure. Concerns have also been raised over the performance of new insulators acquired from manufacturing facilities that have not supplied utilities with insulators in the past. Lessons that traditional manufacturing plant personnel have learned over past decades of manufacturing may not have been transferred to the new plants. In addition, many utilities that have not traditionally used glass insulators are considering this technology. Glass and porcelain insulators that are coated with silicone rubber in manufacturing are also being considered and utilities lack experience with this technology.


Approach

This project will initially focus on suspension porcelain insulator bells, addressing the following areas: Inspection and Assessment Tool: This project investigates the development of field tools to assess the

condition of insulator strings. In 2009, the technology was shown to be effective in identifying insulators with cracks outside the metal from a distance of 40 feet. The technology is being further developed to be remotely controlled with some automated features. In addition, the technique is being refined to identify cracks in the insulators located underneath the metal cap.

Evaluation of New Porcelain/Glass Discs Units: This project assesses issues with porcelain/glass disc insulators procured from new manufacturing plants. In 2007 through 2009, simple M&E tests were performed and compared against standards. In 2010 the testing expanded to include thermal mechanical cycling tests. The testing also includes samples of aged porcelain and glass insulators to provide a reference for comparison.

Procurement of Glass and Porcelain Disc Insulators: This project will develop a selection and procurement guide for glass and ceramic insulators. The document will review the fundamentals, as well as provide guidance on how to write a specification.

Electric Field Modeling: This project will enhance the EPRI's Polymer Insulators E-field Modeling software, adding the ability to calculate the E-field around porcelain or glass insulators.

Impact

This project may have these impacts: Help members evaluate and identify high-risk ceramic insulator strings or populations of insulator strings

prior to failure. Provide members with a greater choice of vendors and technologies, enabling lower cost or improved

technical solutions. Assist members in addressing both existing and new insulation applied in contaminated environments.


Operation and maintenance personnel can apply the new inspection technologies developed to evaluate in-service populations of porcelain insulators.

Design and procurement personnel will use the information provided on the testing of new porcelain discs and glass insulators to make better-informed decisions when selecting and procuring insulators.

The guide to maintenance of insulators in a contaminated environment will provide users with options on how to improve the performance of existing installations.

Members will be able to dimension insulators in a contaminated environment with confidence by applying state-of-the art approaches.

2011 Products



E-field Modeling of Porcelain and Glass Insulators: EPRI is adding the ability to model porcelain insulators to its popular E-field modeling software for polymer insulators. The added feature will also calculate the voltage distribution along an insulator string. E-field modeling of porcelain and glass insulators is important when trying to mitigate corona-related problems such as pin corrosion and cement loss.

12/31/11 Software






Guide to Specifying and Procuring Glass and Porcelain Insulators: Over the past number of years, much of the knowledge in specifying and procuring porcelain and glass insulators has been lost. EPRI is developing a guide to help fill the knowledge gap that remains. This guide addresses terminology, manufacturing processes, aging mechanisms, and commonly used standards. This report also provides example specifications for engineers developing specifications for the first time or re-writing existing ones. In addition, this report will finalize the draft guidelines developed in previous years.


Evaluation of Aged and New Porcelain Insulators: Thermal - Mechanical Cycling Tests: In 2010, EPRI began performing thermal-mechanical cycling tests on new and aged porcelain and glass suspension insulators. This report summarizes the results of the testing.


Evaluation of Porcelain Insulators Using Vibration Response: This report is an update on the development of contact and non-contact methods of non-destructively evaluating the integrity of porcelain insulators in the lab and field.





Evaluation of RTV Coatings for Porcelain/Glass Insulators: Interest in using RTV coatings for porcelain and glass insulators is increasing. However, little is known about their long-term performance. This document will present a proposed test plan and evaluation methodology to assess the ability of RTV coatings to withstand a variety of operational and environmental factors.


P35.016 Next Generation of Advanced Inspection and Sensing Technologies (070600)


As assets age beyond their design margin, the ability to inspect and assess their condition has become vital. New and emerging inspection and sensing technologies are essential to meet this need. Many utilities are unaware of new technologies, and in many cases unsure of their performance due to lack of field experience. As new issues emerge, new technologies must be identified and possible solutions investigated.

Approach

The project will take a three-pronged approach to addressing the research needs: Identify and document new and emerging inspection/sensing technologies to increase members'

awareness. Document use cases where new and emerging technologies have been utilized in the field. Identify gaps in currently available inspection technologies and possible applicable technologies to meet

members' requirements. In 2011, a database will be provided where members can look up the component to be inspected (e.g., insulators, sub-grade components or others). All available applicable technologies will be listed and described, as well as emerging technologies currently under development. In addition, a link will be provided to use cases. In a different search mode, a user could query the database by technology (e.g. satellite, unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV), or robots).


A report will be provided listing gaps or needs and vision for future inspection and sensing technologies will be documented. In future years, if experience with new inspection/sensor technologies is not available, round-robin-style testing will be performed in controlled and field environments to provide members with knowledge and performance information on inspection/sensing technologies that they have not applied to date.

Impact

By being aware of the latest technologies and having easy access to other utilities' experience as well as performance testing, members will be able identify appropriate technologies more easily and have more confidence in their application. By identifying gaps and possible technologies, future research and development needs can be addressed.


When faced with an issue concerning a specific component, members would utilize the database to become aware and informed of all applicable inspection/sensing technologies. In addition, they would have easy access to other members' experiences in addition to third-party performance results.

2011 Products



Inspection and Sensing Technology Database with Use Cases: A database where users can look up a component to be inspected (e.g. insulator, sub-grade components or others). All available applicable technologies will be listed and described, as well as emerging technologies currently under development. In addition, a link will be provided to use cases. In a different search mode a user could query the database by technology (e.g. satellite, unmanned airborne vehicles (UAV), or robots).


Roadmap for Overhead Transmission Inspection & Sensing Technologies: A report identifying gaps in currently available inspection and sensing technologies. Emerging technologies that may address these needs will be listed.





Evaluation of Emerging Technologies: Tests will be performed on emerging inspection and sensing technologies to evaluate their performance and provide users with a basis for their application. Members will be invited to attend a demonstration of the technologies being evaluated.




PS35G Increased Overhead Transmission Capacity (069258)

Project Set Description

This project set develops and delivers reference materials, training, software tools, and methodologies to increase or optimize the power capacity of overhead lines without the capital costs of major new construction and permitting. A Transmission Circuit Ratings Workstation will help engineers, operators, and planners optimize the power transfer capabilities of transmission lines and entire circuits safely, reliably, and in a scientifically justified manner that meets the requirements of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and other regulatory bodies. The effects of high operating conductor temperature and reduction in conductor ground clearance, loss in conductor strength, and damage to connectors and other overhead line components will be studied, along with mitigation techniques. New conductors with higher current-carrying capacity also will be studied. A state-of-the-science guidebook, along with workshops and conferences, will inform power industry engineers about the general concepts and how best to apply them.


P35.013 Increased Power Flow Guidebook and Ratings for Overhead Lines

This project provides state-of-the-science reference and training materials for optimizing and increasing power flow through transmission lines. These include the Increased Power Flow Guidebook (the Platinum Book), along with its tutorial. It will help companies optimize the power transfer capabilities of transmission circuits safely, reliably, and in a scientifically justified manner that meets the requirements of FERC and other regulatory bodies. The project also provides software tools to optimize the power transfer capabilities of transmission circuits, such as the Dynamic Thermal Circuit Rating software (DTCR), the Data Analysis program (DAP), and the IPF Wizard. Case studies on how power companies have applied the technologies will be included in the guidebook and in stand-alone reports.

P35.014 Impact of High Temperature Operation on Conductor Systems and Thermal and Corona Models

This project will collect all available information on high-temperature operations, conduct laboratory tests to address knowledge gaps, and prepare software to facilitate the risk evaluation of high-temperature operations. The project addresses the impact of high-temperature operations on the mechanical, electrical and thermal behavior of overhead lines.

P35.015 Advanced Conductors This project addresses all outstanding issues related to advanced conductors, one at a time. The project has developed a test protocol for qualifying carbon fiber core conductors. It will investigate the long-term performance of all commercially available advanced conductors to complement the field demonstration project, which provided information on handling and stringing these conductors. Maintenance tools and procedures for this new type of conductor will also be identified and established.

P35.013 Increased Power Flow Guidebook and Ratings for Overhead Lines (069259)


The demand for electric power over transmission circuits is increasing faster than new transmission assets can be constructed. This trend has pushed the capacity of many existing transmission circuits to their design limits. In addition, much of the grid has already aged beyond its original design specifications. These issues are resulting in an increasing number of bottlenecks or other congestion and reliability problems, and power companies are realizing that they need to identify methods and obtain tools for pushing more power through their existing assets. In addition, there have been recent mandated regulatory requirements on the



establishment of transmission circuit ratings, and power companies need to have tools available to establish line ratings in a scientifically rigorous manner.

Approach

In order to meet the research needs, EPRI will investigate and document information and methodologies for increasing power flow through existing assets, and will develop tools related to the design, engineering, system planning, and operation of overhead transmission lines and other transmission circuit components. Information on improvements in applications, thermal models, instrumentation, telemetry, and case studies will be identified and developed. Training and technology transfer activities and tools, such as tutorials, guides, workshops, and conferences, will also continue to be developed in parallel with the research and development work. The software tools being developed include the Dynamic Thermal Circuit Rating software (DTCR) and the Data Analysis Program (DAP). These programs are powerful tools for performing real-time rating of transmission circuits, and for performing off-line rating studies. In addition, the Increased Power Flow Guidebook (the Platinum Book) and in-depth, stand-alone reports on specific topics will be issued. This project will also co-sponsor, along with other related projects, a workshop on a wide range of increased power flow technologies and methodologies. The project also identifies and develops methodologies for applying the various tools for a wide range of needs. This project focuses on overhead lines, and is executed in coordination with corresponding projects for underground cables (P36.004) and substation equipment (P37.016).

Impact

This project is intended to help provide power companies with the information and tools required to identify and implement increased power flow strategies for specific needs. These include: The Increased Power Flow Guidebook (the Platinum Book), along with the IPF Wizard and training

materials can guide engineers, operators, designers, and planners in applying increased power flow strategies for transmission circuits.

Provide guidance to experienced technical staff, and provide learning and training materials for the next generation of power industry technical leaders.

Increase and optimize power flow through entire transmission circuits, particularly overhead lines. Defer capital expenditures. Improve transmission circuit reliability and safety. Meet new mandatory FERC requirements for circuit ratings. Optimize power transfer planning. Optimize energy transactions through rating forecasts. Ride out emergency situations safely and reliably. Avoid unnecessary system outages or load shedding.


Companies can use the IPF Guidebook and other reports as a reference source and guide for implementing IPF strategies, and to train their engineers in IPF technology. The IPF Guidebook also compares the economic benefits of each available IPF technology, enabling EPRI members to make informed decisions when choosing IPF options for their applications. The IPF Transmission Circuit Rating Wizard software will also help engineers decide on options. Transmission operators, planners, researchers, IT personnel, and engineers will use the computer programs and methodologies to optimize the ratings of their circuits. The software products can be applied for the various reasons discussed above, and the methodologies on how best to apply all results can be obtained through EPRI reports, training materials, and workshops.



2011 Products



DTCR 6.0 (Integrated DTCR/DAP): Updated versions of the DTCR and DAP software will be combined into an integrated computational environment. DTCR 6.0 will have capabilities for real-time rating, performing probabilistic rating studies, performing contingency evaluations, performing predictive rating assessments, and providing other useful functions. The software's visual interfaces and user friendliness will be improved, and it will be made more acceptable to a conservative utility culture. Advisor testing and feedback is always sought for improving the program's applicability.

12/31/11 Software

Increased Power Flow Guidebook - 2011 (the Platinum Book): The IPF Guidebook, which is part of the EPRI color book series (the Platinum Book), will be updated and delivered as a technical update in 2011. Existing material will be improved and updated, and new topics will be added as needed. New topics for addition are listed and briefly described in the 2010 version of the guidebook, and needed topics are added to the list as they are identified.


Increased Power Flow Wizard 3.0: The IPF Wizard is a software product that is a spreadsheet-based expert system for helping guide engineers through increased power flow options to address specific needs. Users are presented with a series of questions about their situation, and the wizard provides guidance. The IPF Wizard is designed to be used in conjunction with the IPF Guidebook.

12/31/11 Software

Proceedings of the Increased Power Flow Workshop: A workshop covering all aspects of increased power flow in transmission circuits will be provided. It will focus on EPRI products and R&D results, and will include presentations of concepts, demonstrations, and hands-on exercises using the software products. The written materials for the workshop will be assembled as a Technical Update.


Ratings of Transmission Lines: Applications, Computations, and Thermal Models: This report will describe the latest developments in thermal model equations for computing ratings of overhead lines. It will describe the details of the underlying computations that EPRI's DTCR software uses to determine line ratings in real-time. Some of the more interesting and relevant applications and case studies will be discussed.





Proceedings of Increased Power Flow Conference: This project will cosponsor and participate in an open technical transfer activity, such as an IPF Conference. The proceedings will be published.


Increased Power Flow Guidebook - Fourth Edition: Following several years of applications and new developments, a 4th Edition of the IPF Guidebook will be released in 2012.


DTCR 6.1: The DTCR software will be improved and updated. 12/31/12 Software

IPF Wizard 3.1: The IPF Wizard will be improved, updated, and released. 12/31/12 Software

Proceedings of Increased Power Flow Workshop: An IPF Workshop covering all aspects of increasing power flow will be held in 2013. Proceedings of the workshop will be published.







Field Instruments for Line Rating Optimization: Recent and significant developments and applications in field instruments for the rating of transmission lines will be documented in this report.


DTCR 7.0: The DTCR software will undergo further enhancements, and a new version will be released.

12/31/13 Software

Increased Power Flow Guidebook - 2013: New material on the latest IPF technologies will be added to the IPF Guidebook, which will be released as a technical update in 2013.


P35.014 Impact of High Temperature Operation on Conductor Systems and Thermal and Corona Models (069260)


Electric power companies can increase the power transfer capacity of transmission lines by raising the conductor operating temperature. The effects of high operating conductor temperature are reduction in conductor ground clearance, loss of conductor strength, and damage to connectors and other overhead line components. Research is needed to investigate premature failures of conductor and conductor accessories from thermal cycling due to high-temperature operations. Conductor accessories include conductor splices and dead-ends, dampers, spacer dampers, and all hardware attached to the conductor of an overhead line. In addition to mechanical performance, transmission line owners, operators and designers must also be aware of the effects of high temperature on the existing corona and thermal models that are used in evaluating the electrical and heat-transfer performance of an overhead line. These models were based on conductor temperatures much lower than those encountered by an overhead line today. Inaccurate models may produce results that could exceed the limits imposed by regulatory bodies. With accurate data, electric power companies are able to assess the risks of high-temperature operations. They can then establish a temperature limit below which overhead lines can operate reliably. Appropriate mitigation measures can also be adopted to raise this limit.

Approach

This project evaluates the mechanical, electrical, and thermal performance of overhead lines operating at high temperatures. Solutions are developed and models enhanced to allow power companies to raise transmission line capacities safely, reliably, and with confidence. The performance of common compression fittings in an electric power system will be studied at various conductor temperatures above 100°C. Because fittings at the connection point are the weakest links in a transmission system, the project first focuses on establishing temperature and duration limits for these fittings, beyond which they may encounter thermal or mechanical failure. It then investigates and tests different mitigation methods to alleviate the impact of high temperatures on the fittings to allow an overhead line to operate reliably at high temperatures. The knowledge gaps of other critical conductor accessories for high-temperature operations will also be addressed by conducting proper tests in the laboratory. The project summarizes all research results conducted by both EPRI and other organizations on the performance of conductors and conductor accessories operating beyond the conductor annealing temperature of 93°C. The information is updated each year in the form of a progress report and an applet software. The matrix in the applet identifies line components that may fail when an overhead line is operated at a given temperature. Detailed information can be accessed by drilling down into the matrix. In addition, calculators for conductor annealing, current capacity at various temperatures, and methodologies to evaluate component life, when available, are included in the applet.


The project will also assess the accuracy of existing thermal and corona models at elevated operating temperatures. Required tests will be identified and performed. In addition, the empirical models will be updated to account for the new data, and algorithms will be provided to update prediction software products.

Impact

This project may have the following impacts: Raise confidence in operating overhead lines at high temperatures Avoid damage to overhead line components and subsequent line failures Adopt mitigation measures to achieve increased power flows Provide accurate prediction of electrical and thermal conductor performance.


Transmission engineers can use information from the project to evaluate the risks of raising a conductor to a given temperature. Mitigation methods developed in the project can be adopted to increase the operating temperature of an overhead line. By using this information and the methods, the electrical and thermal performance of overhead lines can be evaluated more accurately. Members can then establish internal guidelines for high-temperature operation of overhead lines.

2011 Products



Guide for Operating Overhead Lines at High-Temperatures - 2011 Update: The guide is updated each year to include new research results and information, and to expand existing information to form a comprehensive document for the operation of overhead lines at high temperatures. A draft copy of the guide will be reviewed critically by members for its ease of use and practical applications. Comments and suggestions will be incorporated into the final version. The guide will be useful not only to experienced staff but also for junior staff who would like to gain sufficient knowledge to become experts in this area.


HTC (High-Temperature Conductor) Matrix: Version 3.1: The HTC Conductor Knowledgeable Matrix applet will be updated with new information, data, and research results from the previous year. New calculators for predicting component lives, when available, will be added to the matrix. Information on the basics of high-temperature operation will be included.

12/31/11 Software

Increased Transmission Capacity Conference Proceedings: The conference will cover the fundamentals of increased transmission capacity options and the impact of each option on the existing power system. It will present the "how to" of different options and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these options. The proceedings of the conference will be published.







Prediction of End-of-Life of Transmission Line Connectors Operated at High-Temperatures: The methodology of predicting the useful life of common connectors for transmission lines will be developed. This will provide a powerful tool to transmission line designers, maintainers and operators in managing the risk of overhead lines. In the following year, this methodology will be incorporated into the High-Temperature Conductor (HTC) Matrix: Version 4.0.


HTC (High-Temperature Conductor) Matrix: Version 3.2: The HTC Conductor Knowledgeable Matrix applet will be updated with new information, data, and research results from the previous year. New calculators for predicting component lives, when available, will be added to the matrix. Information on the basics of high-temperature operation will be included.

12/31/12 Software

Guide for Operating Overhead Lines at High-Temperatures - 2013 Update: The guide is updated each year to include new research results and information, and to expand existing information to form a comprehensive document for the operation of overhead lines at high temperatures.


HTC (High-Temperature Conductor) Matrix: Version 4.0: The methodology of predicting the useful life of common connectors for transmission lines developed in the previous year will be incorporated into the High-Temperature Conductor (HTC) Matrix. This methodology will provide a powerful tool to transmission line designers, maintainers and operators in managing the risk of overhead lines. The software for the HTC Matrix will be overhauled to add the latest features to form Version 4.0 of the High-Temperature Conductor (HTC) Matrix.

12/31/13 Software

Increased Transmission Capacity Conference Proceedings: The conference will cover the fundamentals of increased transmission capacity options and the impact of each option on the existing power system. It will present the "how to" of different options and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these options. The proceedings of the conference will be published.


P35.015 Advanced Conductors (065550)


Advanced conductors (also known as high-temperature low-sag or HTLS conductors) offer the advantages of high current capacity, low conductor sag, and low line losses. The use of advanced conductors was demonstrated in a field trial project. In addition to the knowledge gained from the field trial, a number of issues must also be addressed to raise the confidence of users in applying some of these advanced conductors, including long-term performance, maintenance methods, and availability of purchase specifications. Lack of information in these areas is holding back utilities from using certain advanced conductors and taking advantage of the benefits they offer.

Approach

This project addresses all outstanding issues related to advanced conductors, one at a time. The most immediate need is investigation of the carbon fiber core conductor, which is the least known and most novel of all advanced conductors. The core of this type of conductor consists of carbon and glass fibers that are more sensitive to heat and other environmental conditions than steel used for the conventional aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) conductors.



It was learned from the field demonstration project that carbon fiber core conductors must be handled differently. A stringing procedure was established. A test protocol to qualify this type of conductor was also developed. In 2010, the performances of two different carbon fiber core conductors are being compared and evaluated through heat cycling and diagnostic tests. In 2011, an accelerated aging test will be carried out on a range of commercially available advanced conductors for evaluating the long-term performance of these conductors, their splices and dead ends. A report will be prepared documenting the state-of-the-art of advanced conductors, including all test results that are available. The project will also continue evaluating tools and establishing procedures that are suitable for maintaining overhead lines using these conductors.

Impact

The project may have the following impacts: Provide information and tools that are currently not available to evaluate the performance of various

advanced conductors. Provide maintenance procedures and recommend tools to ensure the safety of utility personnel and the

reliability of transmission lines.


The test protocol developed under this project provides design engineers with a tool to qualify and compare different carbon fiber composite core HTLS conductors. The accelerated aging test provides useful information on the long-term performance of these advanced conductors. All research results provide members with information for comparing and selecting proper advanced conductors for their applications. Developed maintenance procedures and recommended tools for advanced conductors can be incorporated into members' maintenance manuals.

2011 Products



Maintenance Issues of Advanced Overhead Conductors: Issues related to maintaining advanced overhead conductors will be addressed by tests and demonstrations to be conducted in an EPRI laboratory. These tests and demonstration provide information to establish proper procedures, methods, and tools to be used for maintaining advanced overhead conductors.


Performance of Advanced Overhead Conductors: A document containing the most current information on the performance of advanced overhead conductors and their connectors will be prepared. The document will assist engineers and designers in selecting a suitable advanced conductor for their use.








Maintenance Issues of Advanced Overhead Conductors: Research Results: Procedures, including details on the method and tool for the application, will be finalized and documented for the maintenance of HTLS conductors.


Performance of Advanced Overhead Conductors: An Update: Results from the thermal cycling of advanced HTLS conductor-connector systems provide valuable information in determining the expected life of these conductors. A model based on thermal-cycling results and studies of connector materials and designs will be developed to provide engineers with a valuable tool to determine the life expectancy of these conductors.


Guide for Maintenance of Advanced Overhead Conductors: A guide on maintaining advanced overhead conductors will be prepared for the use of the power industry. It will be based on research results from EPRI and others. Live-working procedures and methods for advanced conductors are addressed under P35.010, Live Working Research for Overhead Transmission Equipment. These research areas will be closely coordinated.


Guide for Applications of Advanced Overhead Conductors: As additional research results augmented by field data become available, a user guide will be developed for the application of advanced (HTLS) conductors.


Overhead Transmission - Program 35mydocs.epri.com/docs/Portfolio/PDF/2011_P035.pdf · Overhead...

Documents

Transcript of Overhead Transmission - Program 35mydocs.epri.com/docs/Portfolio/PDF/2011_P035.pdf · Overhead...