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Overhead Distribution Systems

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The Example Distribution Circuit

Typical of suburban/rural circuits

10 miles of 3-Phase 13.8 kV Main Feeder

8 single-phase laterals, evenly distributed on the main feeder. Each lateral 3 miles long, and connected to the main feeder through a fuse

A total of 1800 customers (8 x 225 customers/lateral)

DistributionSubstation 10 miles

115 kV 13.8 kV3 miles

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Improving Distribution Reliability with Reclosers

Basic Radial System

Substation SAIFI: 4.3 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 8.8 hrs/yrMAIFI: 0.0 mom/yr

10 miles

Case 1

Circuit Breaker withNo Reclosing Capability

Substation SAIFI: 1.6 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 3.3 hrs/yrMAIFI: 8.7 mom/yr

10 miles

Case 2

Recloser

R

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Use of Line Reclosers

Substation SAIFI: 2.6 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 5.4 hrs/yrMAIFI: 2.1 mom/yr

5 miles

Case 3

Circuit Breaker withNo Reclosing Capability

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5 miles

Substation SAIFI: 1.2 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 2.6 hrs/yrMAIFI: 6.5 mom/yr

5 miles

Case 4

Recloser

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5 miles

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Loop Configuration with Manual Switch

Substation 1

SAIFI: 1.2 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 2.3 hrs/yrMAIFI: 6.5 mom/yr

5 miles

Case 5

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5 miles

Substation 2

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ManualTie

Switch

Assumptions•Circuit breakers have reclosing capability•Manual Tie Switch requires 1 hour to switch•Reclosers require 1 minute to switch

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Automatic Loop Restoration - 3 Reclosers

Substation 1

SAIFI: 1.0 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 2.1 hrs/yrMAIFI: 6.8 mom/yr

5 miles

Case 6

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5 miles

Substation 2

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N.O.Recloser

Assumptions•Circuit breakers have reclosing capability•Reclosers require 1 minute to switch

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N.C.Recloser

N.C.Recloser

N.C. - Normally-ClosedN.O. - Normally-Open

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Automatic Loop Restoration - 5 Reclosers

Substation 1

SAIFI: 0.8 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 1.7 hrs/yrMAIFI: 6.5 mom/yr

3.3 miles

Case 7

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3.3 miles

Substation 2

R

N.O.Recloser

Assumptions•Circuit breakers have reclosing capability•Reclosers require 1 minute to switch

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N.C.Recloser

N.C.Recloser

N.C. - Normally-ClosedN.O. - Normally-Open

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N.C.Recloser

N.C.Recloser

3.3 miles

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Summary of Reclosing Benefits

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Case 1 - No reclosing

Case 2 - Substation reclosing

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Case 5 - Loop with Manual Switch

Case 4 - Line Recloser

Case 7 - 5-Recloser Automatic Loop Restoration

Case 6 - 3-Recloser Automatic Loop Restoration

3.3 63%

8.8 ----

2.6 70%

2.3 74%

2.1 76%

1.7 81%

Hrs/Yr %*

*% Improvement as compared to Case 1

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Automatic Loop Restoration - 3 Reclosers

Substation 1

SAIFI: 0.8 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 1.8 hrs/yrMAIFI: 3.1 mom/yr

5 miles

R

5 miles

Substation 2

R

N.O.Recloser

Assumptions•Circuit breakers have reclosing capability•Reclosers require 1 minute to switch

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N.C.Recloser

N.C.Recloser

N.C. - Normally-ClosedN.O. - Normally-Open

***With Single-Pole Reclosing***

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Automatic Loop Restoration - 5 Reclosers

Substation 1

SAIFI: 0.6 int/cust/yrSAIDI: 1.4 hrs/yrMAIFI: 2.7 mom/yr

3.3 miles

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3.3 miles

Substation 2

R

N.O.Recloser

Assumptions•Circuit breakers have reclosing capability•Reclosers require 1 minute to switch

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N.C.Recloser

N.C.Recloser

N.C. - Normally-ClosedN.O. - Normally-Open

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R

N.C.Recloser

N.C.Recloser

3.3 miles

***With Single-Pole Reclosing***

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Benefits of Single-Pole Reclosing

SAIFI SAIDI MAIFI

3-Recloser Automatic Loop Restoration

3-PoleReclosing

1.0 2.1 6.8

Single-PoleReclosing

0.8 1.8 3.1

5-Recloser Automatic Loop Restoration

3-PoleReclosing

0.8 1.7 6.5

Single-PoleReclosing

0.6 1.4 2.7

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Predictive Reliability Analysis

Useful for: Looking at system

configuration and design

Placement of protective devices

Impacts of changes in failure rates and restoration times

Analyzing system reliability

from a graphical perspective and determining the most cost-effective solutions

ABB Consulting’s Performance AdvantageTM Software

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Improving Distribution Reliability

ABB is the ONLY supplier that can do this in all of the above schemes!