Over-the-Air (OTA) Bit Management
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Transcript of Over-the-Air (OTA) Bit Management
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Over-the-Air (OTA) Bit Management
David FellandMilwaukee Public Television
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Acquisition and Distribution New impacts on broadcast transport stream
Better coding efficiency in new HD encoders○ Claims of 10-15% improvement○ Potential for two 720p HD services in one
transport stream – or other servicesMore SD services from which to chooseMobile DTVFixed and Mobile DTV Data Services
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Public television has used its spectrum to serve diverse audiences with more variety in content (“multicasting”)Pluses: greater range of services; potential higher
value to individual communitiesMinuses: locked into audience expectations;
stations are forced to balance video quality with service quantity
Tradeoffs affect Quality:
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Bit Management Some options for broadcasters
Reduced horizontal resolution (1440 vs 1920)Noise reduction of both HD and SDModern statistical multiplexing720p vs. 1080i
☺☺
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What are stations doing? Surveyed the ETAC
1-3 OTA servicesDifferent services plans among all membersFocus on HD + national / local SD services
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HD SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 PSIP Data
#1 15 3 - - - 150k 128k
#2 12 2.5 2.5 - - 250k 1M+
128k
#3a 12 3 1.5 - - 565k 128k
#3b - 4 2 - - 256k 100k
ETAC Members’ OTA
Italics = Stat Mux Pool
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HD SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 PSIP Data
#4 16 2 - - - 300k 128k+
100k
#5a 18 - - - - ~200k 128k
#5b - 4 3.5 0.7 0.7 242k 128k
#6 14 - - - - 200k 1M
ETAC Members’ OTA
(x4) (x2) (x2)
Italics = Stat Mux Pool
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HD SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 PSIP Data
#7 11 2 2 2 - 250k -
#8 11.5 4 4 0.3 - 250k 250k+
128k
#9 - 3 3 3 3 150k 6M
#10 11 1.5 3.5 - - 2M -
ETAC Members’ OTA
Italics = Stat Mux Pool
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HD SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 PSIP Data
#11a 12.5 3.4 3.4 - - 150k 128k+110k
#11b - 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.4 150k 128k+
110k
#11c 12.5 3.4 3.4 - - 150k 128k+110k
#12 12 2.1 2.1 - - 200k -
ETAC Members’ OTA
(x2)
Italics = Stat Mux Pool
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HD SD1 SD2 SD3 SD4 PSIP Data
#13 11 6 - - - 180k 128k
#14 10 3 3 - - 150k 1M+
300k
ETAC Members’ OTA
Italics = Stat Mux Pool
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Mobile DTV Bandwidth UsageHow much OTA spectrum is needed?
Mobile / Handheld service requirementsMultiple modes – e.g., “Half-rate”,
“Quarter-rate”, or a variety of “Mixed Modes”
Many broadcasters will use Quarter or Mixed○Quarter ~17% payload (83% FEC)○Mixed (e.g., ½, ¼, ¼, ¼) ~ 26% (74% FEC)○Half ~34% payload (66% FEC)
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Bandwidth Usage (bits)How much OTA spectrum is needed?
Mixed Mode examples (26%):One 500 kbps stream ~1.92 Mbps
○Video@400kbps; Audio@64kbps; Data@30kbpsTwo 500 kbps streams ~3.85 Mbps
Quarter Rate examples (17%):One 500 kbps stream ~2.94 Mbps
○Video@400kbps; Audio@64kbps; Data@30kbpsTwo 500 kbps streams ~5.88 Mbps
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Some Mobile PTV Services Simulcast of Local HD or SD Services Simulcast of National HD or SD Services Stand alone Local Mobile Services National or Local Kids Service “Radio” Services
Audio Only – 16 – 48 kbps“Audio with Pictures” – same as Video/Audio
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DTV Spectrum Usage:ETAC Member #1
~15 Mbps
~3 Mbps
150 kbps128 kbps
• HD program
• PSIP• SD program
• Data/Ancillary
19
.4 M
b/s
DT
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ol
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DTV Spectrum Usage:ETAC Member #2
~12 Mbps
~2.5 Mbps250 kbps
1Mbps+128 kbps
• HD program
• PSIP
• SD program
• Data/Ancillary
~2.5 Mbps • SD program
19
.4 M
b/s
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Sta
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ETAC Member #1:One Mobile Service (Mixed)
~13.5 Mbps
19
.4 M
b/s
DT
V T
ran
sp
ort
S
tre
am
~2.5 Mbps
150 kbps128 kbps
• HD program
• PSIP• SD program
• Data/Ancillary~2 Mbps • Mobile program
Sta
t M
ux
Po
ol
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ETAC Member #2:One Mobile Service (Mixed)
~11 Mbps
~2 Mbps250 kbps
1Mbps+128 kbps
• HD program
• PSIP• SD program
• Data/Ancillary
~2 Mbps • SD program
19
.4 M
b/s
DT
V T
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sp
ort
S
tre
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Sta
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Po
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~2 Mbps • Mobile program
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DTV Spectrum Usage:ETAC Member #14
~10 Mbps
~3 Mbps
150 kbps
1Mbps
• HD program
• PSIP• SD program
• Data/Ancillary
~3 Mbps • SD program
19
.4 M
b/s
DT
V T
ran
sp
ort
S
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Sta
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Po
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ETAC Member #14:Multiple Mobile Services (Mixed)
~9.5 Mbps
~1.8 Mbps250 kbps1Mbps
• HD program
• PSIP• SD program
• Data/Ancillary
~1.8 Mbps • SD program
19
.4 M
b/s
DT
V T
ran
sp
ort
S
tre
am
Sta
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Po
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~2 Mbps • Mobile program~2 Mbps • Mobile program
• Radio Services (100k)
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Other Stations:Possible Mobile Services (Mixed)
~11 Mbps
250 kbps
• HD program
• PSIP
19
.4 M
b/s
DT
V T
ran
sp
ort
S
tre
am
Sta
t M
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P
oo
l~2 Mbps • Mobile program~2 Mbps • Mobile program~2 Mbps
~2 Mbps • Weather
• Mobile program
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Other Stations:Possible Mobile Services (1/4 rate)
~11 Mbps
250 kbps
• HD program
• PSIP
19
.4 M
b/s
DT
V T
ran
sp
ort
S
tre
am
Sta
t M
ux
P
oo
l~3 Mbps • Mobile program
~3 Mbps • Mobile program
~2 Mbps • Weather
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Other Stations:Possible Mobile Services (Mixed)
~4.5 Mbps
100 kbps
• SD program
• PSIP
19
.4 M
b/s
DT
V T
ran
sp
ort
S
tre
am
~2 Mbps • Mobile program• Mobile program• Mobile program
~2 Mbps~2 Mbps~2 Mbps~2 Mbps~2 Mbps~2 Mbps
• Mobile program• Mobile program• Mobile program• Mobile program
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Sorry but No Free Lunch! MPEG very cleverly hides picture errors BUT
Errors hidden at one stage can appear downstream Don’t use an extra codec cycle simply because you can
Use suitable workflow techniquesDon’t over compress master recordingsPlot your program performance to the end userTest and understand how to use MPEG tools properly
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How does my show look? Examples of original video compared to:
720 progressive at different station presentation rates1080 interlace at different station presentation rates
Producer tech choices drive the viewer experienceDownstream network workflow and distributionLocal station bandwidth constraints and practices Quality pictures at home require Best Practices
upstream
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Some Best Practices Use progressive acquisition cameras
Use higher frame rates Avoid interlace – Digital TV handles it inefficiently
Streamline post production workflowSuccessive coders will reduce picture qualityAssume your show will look worse downstream Prove that the tools you use “do minimal harm”
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Observations and Suggestions: Many stations are moving to 720p replacing spatial
resolution with improved temporal resolutionSignificantly reducing picture blocking artifactsReducing horizontal resolution
With an increase in demand for more services public television can improve performance byDropping interlace and moving to progressive picturesReplacing older HD encoders with the next generationChanging PBS satellite distribution to progressive
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QG
Video Examples
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QG
Questions?