Over many centuries.docx

7/28/2019 Over many centuries.docx

1/5

Globalization

Over many centuries, human societies across the globe have

established progressively closer contacts. Recently, the pace ofglobal integration has dramatically increased. Unprecedented

changes in communications, transportation, and computer

technology have given the process new impetus and made the

world more interdependent than ever. Multinational corporations

manufacture products in many countries and sell to consumers

around the world. Money, technology and raw materials move

ever more swiftly across national borders. Along with products

and finances, ideas and cultures circulate more freely. As a result,laws, economies, and social movements are forming at the

international level.

This site considers not only the Globalization of the Economy but

also the Globalization of Politics, of Culture and of Law. The

globalized world sweeps away regulation and undermines local

and national politics, just as the consolidation of the nation state

swept away local economies, dialects, cultures and political forms.

Globalization creates new markets and wealth, even as it causeswidespread suffering, disorder, and unrest. It is both a source of

repression and a catalyst for global movements of social justice

and emancipation. The great financial crisis of 2008-09 has

revealed the dangers of an unstable, deregulated, global

economy but it has also given rise to important global initiatives

for change.

The term globalization encompasses a range of social, political,

and economic changes. Within the section Defining Globalization,

we provide an introduction to the key debates. The materials ask
http://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-the-economy-2-1.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-politics.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-culture.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-law.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/defining-globalization.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-politics.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-culture.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-law.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/defining-globalization.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/globalization-of-the-economy-2-1.html


2/5

what is new, what drives the process, how it changes politics, and

how it affects global institutions like the UN.

Globalization expands and accelerates the exchange of ideas and

commodities over vast distances. It is common to discuss thephenomenon in highly generalized terms, but globalization's

impacts are often best understood at the local level. Cases of

Globalization explore the various manifestations of

interconnectedness in the world, noting how globalization affects

real people and places.

Globalization often appears to be a force of nature, a

phenomenon without bounds or alternatives. But peoples

movements have shown that it is neither unalterable nor

inevitable. Citizens all over the worldordinary people from the

global North and Southcan work together to shape alternate

futures, to build a globalization of cooperation, solidarity and

respect for our common planetary environment.

Galobalization of the economy

Advances in communication and transportation technology,combined with free-market ideology, have given goods, services,

and capital unprecedented mobility. Northern countries want to

open world markets to their goods and take advantage of

abundant, cheap labor in the South, policies often supported by

Southern elites. They use international financial institutions and

regional trade agreements to compel poor countries to "integrate"

by reducing tariffs, privatizing state enterprises, and relaxing

environmental and labor standards. The results have enlargedprofits for investors but offered pittances to laborers, provoking a

strong backlash from civil society. This page analyzes economic

globalization, and examines how it might be resisted or regulated

in order to promote sustainable development.
http://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/cases-of-globalization.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/cases-of-globalization.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/cases-of-globalization.htmlhttp://www.globalpolicy.org/globalization/cases-of-globalization.html


3/5

Globalization of the Politics

Traditionally politics has been undertaken within national political

systems. National governments have been ultimately responsible

for maintaining the security and economic welfare of their

citizens, as well as the protection of human rights and the

environment within their borders. With global ecological changes,

an ever more integrated global economy, and other global trends,

political activity increasingly takes place at the global level.

Under globalization, politics can take place above the state

through political integration schemes such as the European Union

and through intergovernmental organizations such as theInternational Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the World Trade

Organization. Political activity can also transcend national borders

through global movements and NGOs. Civil society organizations

act globaly by forming alliances with organizations in other

countries, using global communications systems, and lobbying

international organizations and other actors directly, instead of

working through their national governments

Globalization expands and accelerates the movement and

exchange of ideas and commodities over vast distances. It is

common to discuss the phenomenon from an abstract, global

perspective, but in fact globalization's most important impacts are

often highly localized. This page explores the various

manifestations of interconnectedness in the world, noting how

globalization affects real people and places.


4/5

The term globalization encompasses a range of social, political,

and economic changes. Some disciplines includinganthropology or sociology focus on cultural changes of

growing interconnectedness, such as the expansion of

brands like Nike and McDonalds, and the increasing ease of

travel. Other disciplines such as economics track the

exchange of finances, goods and services through

expanding global markets. Still other disciplines such as

political science examine the role of international political

institutions like the United Nations and the increasing powerof transnational corporations. While one can try to dissect

each of these topics to measure the changes of

globalization, they are woven together in a complex

manner, making it difficult to summarize positive or

negative effects. Globalization creates new markets and

wealth, even as it causes widespread suffering, disorder,

and unrest. It is both a source of repression and a catalyst

for global movements of social justice and emancipation.This provides tables and charts measuring globalization in

terms of technology, demographics, and culture


5/5

Over many centuries.docx

Documents

Transcript of Over many centuries.docx