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Outlines on Classical Condition, Operant Conditioning & Punishment

Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

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Classical Conditioning Pavlovian Conditioning

UCS (food in mouth) ------------- UCR

NS (bowl) -------------------------- NO SALIVATION

NS + UCS (food in mouth) ------ SALIVATION

CS (bowl) -------------------------- CR (salivation)

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John Watson Little Albert experiment Issue – biology makes a difference

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Terms In Classical Conditioning Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Generalization Discrimination

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Taste Aversion A form of Classical Conditioning Example Biological predisposition to Classical

Conditioning (Watson, 1924) Unfamiliar taste – delayed illness – avoidance Familiar taste & unfamiliar shape = delayed

illness – no avoidance

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Application of Pavlov – Pavlov’s Legacy Advertisement Politicians TV weather forecasters!

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Reinforcement Principles Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement

Escape conditioning Avoidance Conditioning

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Punishment – does it work? The Dangers of Punishment

Reinforcing to the punisher Generalized inhibiting effect We dislike the punisher What about teaching?

The criticism trap The use of aversives B. F. Skinner’s view

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Operant Conditoning Behaviorism B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) Law of Effect (Thorndike)

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Operant Conditioning The Skinner Box Shaping Reinforcement Discrimination Generalization Extinction Spontaneous Recovery

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Schedules of Reinforcement Primary reinforcement Secondary reinforcement Fixed Ratio Fixed Interval Variable Ratio Variable Interval

Bandura & Violence on T.V. Modeling Who are we likely to

imitate?

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Seligman Learned Helplessness =

link to depression? Learned Optimism

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