Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #,...

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Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc

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Page 1: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Outline the history of the atomic model.

Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14th 1. Atoms2. Atomic mass, #, protons, etc

Page 2: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Atoms

• Nucleus in the center– Protons and neutrons

• Electrons on outside of nucleus– Electron cloud model– Electrons exist in energy levels – based on # of

electrons

Page 3: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Atomic Number and Atomic Mass

Bboron

5

10.811

Element nameAtomic number

Symbol

Atomic mass

Page 4: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

• Atomic number: # of protons in nucleus

• Each element has a different atomic #

• Identifies the element

• Hydrogen = smallest atomic # (1)

• # of protons = # of electrons

Page 5: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

• Atomic mass: total mass of protons and neutrons in an atom, measured in atomic mass units (amu)– Atomic weight

• Atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons - isotopes

• # on periodic table is the average atomic mass for that element

Page 6: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

• We will round the average atomic mass to get a whole # called the mass number.

• Examples:Sodium (Na)

Avg. atomic mass = 22.990 amuMass # = 23

Nitrogen (N)Avg. atomic mass = 14.007 amuMass # = 14

Page 7: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

• Finding # of neutrons

mass # - atomic # = # of neutrons

For Na: 23 – 11 = 12 neutrons

For N:14 – 7 = 7 neutrons

Page 8: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Practice

Page 9: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Find the mass number, protons, neutrons, and electrons for Bromine.

Agenda for Wednesday Dec 15th 1. History of the Atom Flash Cards2. Practice with mass, protons, etc3. Isotopes

Page 10: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

ElementName

AtomicNumber

Number ofProtons

Number ofNeutrons Mass Number

carbon 12

8 8

hydrogen 1

6 14

hydrogen 2

nitrogen 14

6 66

7 7 7

1 1 3

86

1 01

168Oxygen

Carbon

Page 11: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Isotopes• Atoms of the same element can have different numbers

of neutrons isotopes

• # of protons and electrons stays the same for a particular element– Mass changes– Means # of neutrons changes

• Atomic mass on your P.T. is an average of all the isotopes

• For Boron:.8 (10 amu) + .2 (11 amu) = 10.811 amu

Page 12: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

More on Isotopes

• Because the numbers of neutrons in the isotopes are different, the mass numbers are also different

• You use the name of the element followed by the mass number of the isotope to identify each isotope: boron-10 and boron-11

Page 13: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

• Example: – Neon. All neon atoms have 10 protons and 10

electrons. Some neon atoms have 10 neutrons and some have 12.

– Both isotopes of neon

Page 14: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Ne or Ne-20

Ne or Ne-22

10

10

20

22

Atomic # (# of protons)

Atomic # (# of protons)

Mass # (protons + neutrons). Different for each isotope

Mass # (protons + neutrons). Different for each isotope

Page 15: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

What’s the point of Isotopes

• You can tell how old something is– Radiocarbon Dating

• Use as markers in research– Follow a certain molecule, atom

Page 16: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Practice ProblemsYou will need your periodic table!

1. For Mg-25: How many protons, electrons, and neutrons?

2. For N-15: How many protons, electrons, neutrons?

3. For P-31: How many protons, electrons, neutrons?

Page 17: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Practice

Page 18: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

What is an isotope?

Agenda for Thursday Dec 16th 1. Mass #, Atomic weight, proton review2. Valence Electrons3. Lewis Dot Structures

Page 19: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Atoms

• Nucleus in the center– Protons and neutrons

• Electrons on outside of nucleus– Electron cloud model– Electrons exist in energy levels – based on # of

electrons

Page 20: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Valence Electrons

• Electrons in the outermost energy level

• Valence electrons determine reactivity and other chemical properties

• 8 valence electrons means a stable atom = do not want to react with other atoms

Page 21: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Where are electrons found?

NucleusLeast likely

Most likely

http://www.beyondbooks.com/bbx/tr/pv.asp?i=psc92/00/00080041&u=http://van.hep.uiuc.edu/van/qa/section/New_and_Exciting_Physics/What_Atoms_Look_Like/920424670.htm
Page 22: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

13 p+

14 n0

Help! We’re so

vulnerable!

Valence electrons

•A way to draw an atom showing where electrons are found

Page 23: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Valence electrons

Carbon -12 has 4 electrons in the last energy level . . .

therefore carbon-12 has 4 valence electrons

Page 24: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Bohr’s Model

Nucleus

1st shell can hold 2 e-

3rd shell can hold 8 e-

2nd shell can hold 8 e-

Page 25: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

How many electrons in each shell?

• 1st shell = 2 electrons• 2nd shell = 8 electrons• 3rd shell = 8 electrons• 4th shell = 18 electrons

Page 26: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Drawing Carbon-12 with Bohr’s ModelSteps:1. Find number

of neutrons and protons.

2. Find number of electrons.

3. Fill in electrons, beginning with the 1st energy level.

Page 27: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

How many valence electrons does Nitrogen have?

NUCLEUS

Page 28: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

How many valence electrons does Calcium have?

Calcium has 2 Valence electrons

NUCLEUS

Page 29: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

How many valence electrons does Phosphorous have?

Phosphorous has 5 Valence electrons

NUCLEUS

Page 30: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

How many valence electrons does Boron have?

NUCLEUS

Boron has 3 Valence electrons

Page 31: Outline the history of the atomic model. Agenda for Tuesday Dec 14 th 1.Atoms 2.Atomic mass, #, protons, etc.

Cool Trick!

162 3 4 5 7

8


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