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Transcript of Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus,...
![Page 1: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and PlatoA Brief Overview of the Centrality of Mathematics to
Greek Society and Education
Brandon Weislak
February 21, 2008
![Page 2: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Outline
Outline
Motivation for Research
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?Arguments for Aeschylus as a PythagoreanArguments against Aeschylus as a PythagoreanConclusion
Number, its Science, and its Place in SocietyPythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A Closer ExaminationPlato and Pythagoras: The Necessity of Mathematics forthe Development of the Soul and Good Moral CharacterMathematics: An Etymology and OverviewMathematics as the Cornerstone of Platonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
![Page 3: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Motivation for Research
I A curious passage
I In Prometheus’ delineation of the things which he gaveto men, he tells how he found number for man calling itthe, “chiefest of the arts.”1
I Why does Aeschylus have Prometheus make thisdistinction, and why is number the chiefest of thesciences?
1Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 459.
![Page 4: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Motivation for Research
I A curious passage
I In Prometheus’ delineation of the things which he gaveto men, he tells how he found number for man calling itthe, “chiefest of the arts.”1
I Why does Aeschylus have Prometheus make thisdistinction, and why is number the chiefest of thesciences?
1Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 459.
![Page 5: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Motivation for Research
I A curious passage
I In Prometheus’ delineation of the things which he gaveto men, he tells how he found number for man calling itthe, “chiefest of the arts.”1
I Why does Aeschylus have Prometheus make thisdistinction, and why is number the chiefest of thesciences?
1Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, 459.
![Page 6: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
I Griffith in his commentary notes that theaforementioned phrase “recalls Pythagorean saying,panton sophotatos ho arithmos (number is the mostlearned of all things).”
I Cicero says, “Aeschylus non poeta solum, sed etiamPythagoreus (Aeschylus was not only a poet, but also aPythagorean).”2
2Cicero, Tusc. Disp., 2.23.
![Page 7: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
I Griffith in his commentary notes that theaforementioned phrase “recalls Pythagorean saying,panton sophotatos ho arithmos (number is the mostlearned of all things).”
I Cicero says, “Aeschylus non poeta solum, sed etiamPythagoreus (Aeschylus was not only a poet, but also aPythagorean).”2
2Cicero, Tusc. Disp., 2.23.
![Page 8: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?Arguments for Aeschylus as a Pythagorean:
I Thomson not only seats the aforementioned passage inthe tradition of the Pythagoreans, but numerouselements of Orestia as well.
I Bous epi glossei megas (a great ox upon the tongue) isa symbol of the Pythagoreans who advocated silentmeditation3
I Discussion of marrow refers to the soul residing in thecerebral spinal fluid and other Pythagorean doctrinesrelated aging and the spinal marrow4
I Discussion of health refers to the mean, which again isa Pythagorean idea5
I The unwritten incest law in the Eumenides is actually aPythagorean commandment.6
3Aeschylus, The Orestia, ed. George Thomson, Vol. 2, p.12.4Ibid. p.15-17.5Ibid. p.80.6Ibid. p.201.
![Page 9: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?Arguments for Aeschylus as a Pythagorean:
I Thomson not only seats the aforementioned passage inthe tradition of the Pythagoreans, but numerouselements of Orestia as well.
I Bous epi glossei megas (a great ox upon the tongue) isa symbol of the Pythagoreans who advocated silentmeditation3
I Discussion of marrow refers to the soul residing in thecerebral spinal fluid and other Pythagorean doctrinesrelated aging and the spinal marrow4
I Discussion of health refers to the mean, which again isa Pythagorean idea5
I The unwritten incest law in the Eumenides is actually aPythagorean commandment.6
3Aeschylus, The Orestia, ed. George Thomson, Vol. 2, p.12.4Ibid. p.15-17.5Ibid. p.80.6Ibid. p.201.
![Page 10: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?Arguments for Aeschylus as a Pythagorean:
I Thomson not only seats the aforementioned passage inthe tradition of the Pythagoreans, but numerouselements of Orestia as well.
I Bous epi glossei megas (a great ox upon the tongue) isa symbol of the Pythagoreans who advocated silentmeditation3
I Discussion of marrow refers to the soul residing in thecerebral spinal fluid and other Pythagorean doctrinesrelated aging and the spinal marrow4
I Discussion of health refers to the mean, which again isa Pythagorean idea5
I The unwritten incest law in the Eumenides is actually aPythagorean commandment.6
3Aeschylus, The Orestia, ed. George Thomson, Vol. 2, p.12.4Ibid. p.15-17.5Ibid. p.80.6Ibid. p.201.
![Page 11: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?Arguments for Aeschylus as a Pythagorean:
I Thomson not only seats the aforementioned passage inthe tradition of the Pythagoreans, but numerouselements of Orestia as well.
I Bous epi glossei megas (a great ox upon the tongue) isa symbol of the Pythagoreans who advocated silentmeditation3
I Discussion of marrow refers to the soul residing in thecerebral spinal fluid and other Pythagorean doctrinesrelated aging and the spinal marrow4
I Discussion of health refers to the mean, which again isa Pythagorean idea5
I The unwritten incest law in the Eumenides is actually aPythagorean commandment.6
3Aeschylus, The Orestia, ed. George Thomson, Vol. 2, p.12.4Ibid. p.15-17.5Ibid. p.80.6Ibid. p.201.
![Page 12: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?Arguments for Aeschylus as a Pythagorean:
I Thomson not only seats the aforementioned passage inthe tradition of the Pythagoreans, but numerouselements of Orestia as well.
I Bous epi glossei megas (a great ox upon the tongue) isa symbol of the Pythagoreans who advocated silentmeditation3
I Discussion of marrow refers to the soul residing in thecerebral spinal fluid and other Pythagorean doctrinesrelated aging and the spinal marrow4
I Discussion of health refers to the mean, which again isa Pythagorean idea5
I The unwritten incest law in the Eumenides is actually aPythagorean commandment.6
3Aeschylus, The Orestia, ed. George Thomson, Vol. 2, p.12.4Ibid. p.15-17.5Ibid. p.80.6Ibid. p.201.
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Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
Arguments against Aeschylus as a Pythagorean:
I Griffith notes that by Cicero’s time the knowledge ofthe Pythagoreans of the fifth century BC was likelymore limited than our knowledge today.7
I Supposed Pythagorean elements cannot be held to betruly Pythagorean, since those present in Aeschylus arenot unique to the Pythagoreans, e.g. the incest law wasa commonly followed custom
I Also the foremost place of number is characteristic ofits utility to man, not its religious significance8
7M. Griffith, Dionysiaca, p.110.8Ibid. p.110.
![Page 14: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
Arguments against Aeschylus as a Pythagorean:
I Griffith notes that by Cicero’s time the knowledge ofthe Pythagoreans of the fifth century BC was likelymore limited than our knowledge today.7
I Supposed Pythagorean elements cannot be held to betruly Pythagorean, since those present in Aeschylus arenot unique to the Pythagoreans, e.g. the incest law wasa commonly followed custom
I Also the foremost place of number is characteristic ofits utility to man, not its religious significance8
7M. Griffith, Dionysiaca, p.110.8Ibid. p.110.
![Page 15: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
Arguments against Aeschylus as a Pythagorean:
I Griffith notes that by Cicero’s time the knowledge ofthe Pythagoreans of the fifth century BC was likelymore limited than our knowledge today.7
I Supposed Pythagorean elements cannot be held to betruly Pythagorean, since those present in Aeschylus arenot unique to the Pythagoreans, e.g. the incest law wasa commonly followed custom
I Also the foremost place of number is characteristic ofits utility to man, not its religious significance8
7M. Griffith, Dionysiaca, p.110.8Ibid. p.110.
![Page 16: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
Conclusion:
I Without the quote from Cicero, the “Pythagorean”elements of the plays seem too general to be taken astruly Pythagorean sentiments.
I Sentiments expressed elsewhere in previous authors, andalso sometimes even common customs
I No other explicit Pythagorean statements, aside fromthe “foremost of the sciences” statement, therefore it isthe exception rather than the rule
I Aeschylus was a poet, not a Pythagorean.
I Prometheus stating that he gave number to man, is nota reflection of Aeschylus as a Pythagorean, but rather areflection of the importance and utility of number andmathematics for man, making Prometheus seem all themore tragic for giving such a great gift.
![Page 17: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
Conclusion:
I Without the quote from Cicero, the “Pythagorean”elements of the plays seem too general to be taken astruly Pythagorean sentiments.
I Sentiments expressed elsewhere in previous authors, andalso sometimes even common customs
I No other explicit Pythagorean statements, aside fromthe “foremost of the sciences” statement, therefore it isthe exception rather than the rule
I Aeschylus was a poet, not a Pythagorean.
I Prometheus stating that he gave number to man, is nota reflection of Aeschylus as a Pythagorean, but rather areflection of the importance and utility of number andmathematics for man, making Prometheus seem all themore tragic for giving such a great gift.
![Page 18: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
Conclusion:
I Without the quote from Cicero, the “Pythagorean”elements of the plays seem too general to be taken astruly Pythagorean sentiments.
I Sentiments expressed elsewhere in previous authors, andalso sometimes even common customs
I No other explicit Pythagorean statements, aside fromthe “foremost of the sciences” statement, therefore it isthe exception rather than the rule
I Aeschylus was a poet, not a Pythagorean.
I Prometheus stating that he gave number to man, is nota reflection of Aeschylus as a Pythagorean, but rather areflection of the importance and utility of number andmathematics for man, making Prometheus seem all themore tragic for giving such a great gift.
![Page 19: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
Conclusion:
I Without the quote from Cicero, the “Pythagorean”elements of the plays seem too general to be taken astruly Pythagorean sentiments.
I Sentiments expressed elsewhere in previous authors, andalso sometimes even common customs
I No other explicit Pythagorean statements, aside fromthe “foremost of the sciences” statement, therefore it isthe exception rather than the rule
I Aeschylus was a poet, not a Pythagorean.
I Prometheus stating that he gave number to man, is nota reflection of Aeschylus as a Pythagorean, but rather areflection of the importance and utility of number andmathematics for man, making Prometheus seem all themore tragic for giving such a great gift.
![Page 20: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus: Poet or Pythagorean?
Conclusion:
I Without the quote from Cicero, the “Pythagorean”elements of the plays seem too general to be taken astruly Pythagorean sentiments.
I Sentiments expressed elsewhere in previous authors, andalso sometimes even common customs
I No other explicit Pythagorean statements, aside fromthe “foremost of the sciences” statement, therefore it isthe exception rather than the rule
I Aeschylus was a poet, not a Pythagorean.
I Prometheus stating that he gave number to man, is nota reflection of Aeschylus as a Pythagorean, but rather areflection of the importance and utility of number andmathematics for man, making Prometheus seem all themore tragic for giving such a great gift.
![Page 21: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Number, its Science, and its Place in Society
I Number already seen as the foremost science inAeschylus
I For Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans, number seen asthe most learned of all things
I For the Pythagoreans, number takes on mystical andreligious significance as well
![Page 22: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Number, its Science, and its Place in Society
I Number already seen as the foremost science inAeschylus
I For Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans, number seen asthe most learned of all things
I For the Pythagoreans, number takes on mystical andreligious significance as well
![Page 23: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Number, its Science, and its Place in Society
I Number already seen as the foremost science inAeschylus
I For Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans, number seen asthe most learned of all things
I For the Pythagoreans, number takes on mystical andreligious significance as well
![Page 24: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Pythagoras:
I Historical background provided by post-Aristoteliansources, namely Aristoxenus and Dicaearchus9
I Sources often contradict each other, making theconstruction of any history of Pythagoras difficult
I Traditionally, Pythagoras lived in 6th century BC, fromSamos, associated with Egypt and Orient, active insoutern Italy, namely Croton and Metapontum10
I Discovered relation between notes of octave, namelythe ratio 6:8:9:12, through the use of means11
I HE DID NOT DISCOVER PYTHAGOREANTHEOREM! The result was known to the Babylonianmathematicians working nearly a millenium beforePythagoras.
9Walter Burkert, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, p.10910Ibid. p.112.11George Thomson, Aeschylus and Athens, p.200.
![Page 25: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Pythagoras:I Historical background provided by post-Aristotelian
sources, namely Aristoxenus and Dicaearchus9
I Sources often contradict each other, making theconstruction of any history of Pythagoras difficult
I Traditionally, Pythagoras lived in 6th century BC, fromSamos, associated with Egypt and Orient, active insoutern Italy, namely Croton and Metapontum10
I Discovered relation between notes of octave, namelythe ratio 6:8:9:12, through the use of means11
I HE DID NOT DISCOVER PYTHAGOREANTHEOREM! The result was known to the Babylonianmathematicians working nearly a millenium beforePythagoras.
9Walter Burkert, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, p.10910Ibid. p.112.11George Thomson, Aeschylus and Athens, p.200.
![Page 26: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Pythagoras:I Historical background provided by post-Aristotelian
sources, namely Aristoxenus and Dicaearchus9
I Sources often contradict each other, making theconstruction of any history of Pythagoras difficult
I Traditionally, Pythagoras lived in 6th century BC, fromSamos, associated with Egypt and Orient, active insoutern Italy, namely Croton and Metapontum10
I Discovered relation between notes of octave, namelythe ratio 6:8:9:12, through the use of means11
I HE DID NOT DISCOVER PYTHAGOREANTHEOREM! The result was known to the Babylonianmathematicians working nearly a millenium beforePythagoras.
9Walter Burkert, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, p.10910Ibid. p.112.11George Thomson, Aeschylus and Athens, p.200.
![Page 27: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Pythagoras:I Historical background provided by post-Aristotelian
sources, namely Aristoxenus and Dicaearchus9
I Sources often contradict each other, making theconstruction of any history of Pythagoras difficult
I Traditionally, Pythagoras lived in 6th century BC, fromSamos, associated with Egypt and Orient, active insoutern Italy, namely Croton and Metapontum10
I Discovered relation between notes of octave, namelythe ratio 6:8:9:12, through the use of means11
I HE DID NOT DISCOVER PYTHAGOREANTHEOREM! The result was known to the Babylonianmathematicians working nearly a millenium beforePythagoras.
9Walter Burkert, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, p.10910Ibid. p.112.11George Thomson, Aeschylus and Athens, p.200.
![Page 28: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Pythagoras:I Historical background provided by post-Aristotelian
sources, namely Aristoxenus and Dicaearchus9
I Sources often contradict each other, making theconstruction of any history of Pythagoras difficult
I Traditionally, Pythagoras lived in 6th century BC, fromSamos, associated with Egypt and Orient, active insoutern Italy, namely Croton and Metapontum10
I Discovered relation between notes of octave, namelythe ratio 6:8:9:12, through the use of means11
I HE DID NOT DISCOVER PYTHAGOREANTHEOREM! The result was known to the Babylonianmathematicians working nearly a millenium beforePythagoras.
9Walter Burkert, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, p.10910Ibid. p.112.11George Thomson, Aeschylus and Athens, p.200.
![Page 29: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Pythagoras:I Historical background provided by post-Aristotelian
sources, namely Aristoxenus and Dicaearchus9
I Sources often contradict each other, making theconstruction of any history of Pythagoras difficult
I Traditionally, Pythagoras lived in 6th century BC, fromSamos, associated with Egypt and Orient, active insoutern Italy, namely Croton and Metapontum10
I Discovered relation between notes of octave, namelythe ratio 6:8:9:12, through the use of means11
I HE DID NOT DISCOVER PYTHAGOREANTHEOREM! The result was known to the Babylonianmathematicians working nearly a millenium beforePythagoras.
9Walter Burkert, Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, p.10910Ibid. p.112.11George Thomson, Aeschylus and Athens, p.200.
![Page 30: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Tenants and Practices:
I Transmigration of souls, reincarnation
I Vegetarianism, except beans, namely lentils
I Mathematical studies as moral basis for life, supposedly“all is number”12
I Numerology:
I Odd number is male, even femaleI First ten numbers assigned special meaning, ten holiest,
represented number of universe, two first female, threefirst male, five marriage because two plus three
I Seventeen abhorred because it fell between sixteen andeighteen, a perfect square, and the double of a perfectsquare respectively.
I Initiation process
12Carl Boyer, A History of Mathematics, 2nd ed., p.56-57.
![Page 31: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Tenants and Practices:
I Transmigration of souls, reincarnation
I Vegetarianism, except beans, namely lentils
I Mathematical studies as moral basis for life, supposedly“all is number”12
I Numerology:
I Odd number is male, even femaleI First ten numbers assigned special meaning, ten holiest,
represented number of universe, two first female, threefirst male, five marriage because two plus three
I Seventeen abhorred because it fell between sixteen andeighteen, a perfect square, and the double of a perfectsquare respectively.
I Initiation process
12Carl Boyer, A History of Mathematics, 2nd ed., p.56-57.
![Page 32: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Tenants and Practices:
I Transmigration of souls, reincarnation
I Vegetarianism, except beans, namely lentils
I Mathematical studies as moral basis for life, supposedly“all is number”12
I Numerology:
I Odd number is male, even femaleI First ten numbers assigned special meaning, ten holiest,
represented number of universe, two first female, threefirst male, five marriage because two plus three
I Seventeen abhorred because it fell between sixteen andeighteen, a perfect square, and the double of a perfectsquare respectively.
I Initiation process
12Carl Boyer, A History of Mathematics, 2nd ed., p.56-57.
![Page 33: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Tenants and Practices:
I Transmigration of souls, reincarnation
I Vegetarianism, except beans, namely lentils
I Mathematical studies as moral basis for life, supposedly“all is number”12
I Numerology:
I Odd number is male, even femaleI First ten numbers assigned special meaning, ten holiest,
represented number of universe, two first female, threefirst male, five marriage because two plus three
I Seventeen abhorred because it fell between sixteen andeighteen, a perfect square, and the double of a perfectsquare respectively.
I Initiation process
12Carl Boyer, A History of Mathematics, 2nd ed., p.56-57.
![Page 34: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Tenants and Practices:
I Transmigration of souls, reincarnation
I Vegetarianism, except beans, namely lentils
I Mathematical studies as moral basis for life, supposedly“all is number”12
I Numerology:I Odd number is male, even female
I First ten numbers assigned special meaning, ten holiest,represented number of universe, two first female, threefirst male, five marriage because two plus three
I Seventeen abhorred because it fell between sixteen andeighteen, a perfect square, and the double of a perfectsquare respectively.
I Initiation process
12Carl Boyer, A History of Mathematics, 2nd ed., p.56-57.
![Page 35: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Tenants and Practices:
I Transmigration of souls, reincarnation
I Vegetarianism, except beans, namely lentils
I Mathematical studies as moral basis for life, supposedly“all is number”12
I Numerology:I Odd number is male, even femaleI First ten numbers assigned special meaning, ten holiest,
represented number of universe, two first female, threefirst male, five marriage because two plus three
I Seventeen abhorred because it fell between sixteen andeighteen, a perfect square, and the double of a perfectsquare respectively.
I Initiation process
12Carl Boyer, A History of Mathematics, 2nd ed., p.56-57.
![Page 36: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Tenants and Practices:
I Transmigration of souls, reincarnation
I Vegetarianism, except beans, namely lentils
I Mathematical studies as moral basis for life, supposedly“all is number”12
I Numerology:I Odd number is male, even femaleI First ten numbers assigned special meaning, ten holiest,
represented number of universe, two first female, threefirst male, five marriage because two plus three
I Seventeen abhorred because it fell between sixteen andeighteen, a perfect square, and the double of a perfectsquare respectively.
I Initiation process
12Carl Boyer, A History of Mathematics, 2nd ed., p.56-57.
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Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans: A CloserExamination
Tenants and Practices:
I Transmigration of souls, reincarnation
I Vegetarianism, except beans, namely lentils
I Mathematical studies as moral basis for life, supposedly“all is number”12
I Numerology:I Odd number is male, even femaleI First ten numbers assigned special meaning, ten holiest,
represented number of universe, two first female, threefirst male, five marriage because two plus three
I Seventeen abhorred because it fell between sixteen andeighteen, a perfect square, and the double of a perfectsquare respectively.
I Initiation process
12Carl Boyer, A History of Mathematics, 2nd ed., p.56-57.
![Page 38: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Plato and Pythagoras
I As seen, for Pythagoras mathematics and study ofnumber necessary for moral life
I Use of the adjective mathematike to describe that areaof study credited to Pythagoras
I Later, mathematics becomes a cornerstone of educationwith Plato
I What exactly was mathematics for a Greek?
![Page 39: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Plato and Pythagoras
I As seen, for Pythagoras mathematics and study ofnumber necessary for moral life
I Use of the adjective mathematike to describe that areaof study credited to Pythagoras
I Later, mathematics becomes a cornerstone of educationwith Plato
I What exactly was mathematics for a Greek?
![Page 40: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Plato and Pythagoras
I As seen, for Pythagoras mathematics and study ofnumber necessary for moral life
I Use of the adjective mathematike to describe that areaof study credited to Pythagoras
I Later, mathematics becomes a cornerstone of educationwith Plato
I What exactly was mathematics for a Greek?
![Page 41: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Plato and Pythagoras
I As seen, for Pythagoras mathematics and study ofnumber necessary for moral life
I Use of the adjective mathematike to describe that areaof study credited to Pythagoras
I Later, mathematics becomes a cornerstone of educationwith Plato
I What exactly was mathematics for a Greek?
![Page 42: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics: An Etymology and Overview
Mathematics:
I From ta mathemata meaning “learning, knowledge, orthings which are learnt”13
I Not a singular subject or area of study, but rathercomposed of subdisciplines:
I For Plato there are tria mathemata : arithmetic,astronomy, and measurement of length, level, andheight, or geometry.14
I For Pythagoras and his followers only arithmetic andgeometry are mathematike .15
I Others, such as Archytas, a later Pythagorean, includemusic.
13Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon.14Plato, Laws, 7.817e.15Thomas Heath, Greek Mathematics, Vol. I, p.11.
![Page 43: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics: An Etymology and Overview
Mathematics:
I From ta mathemata meaning “learning, knowledge, orthings which are learnt”13
I Not a singular subject or area of study, but rathercomposed of subdisciplines:
I For Plato there are tria mathemata : arithmetic,astronomy, and measurement of length, level, andheight, or geometry.14
I For Pythagoras and his followers only arithmetic andgeometry are mathematike .15
I Others, such as Archytas, a later Pythagorean, includemusic.
13Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon.14Plato, Laws, 7.817e.15Thomas Heath, Greek Mathematics, Vol. I, p.11.
![Page 44: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics: An Etymology and Overview
Mathematics:
I From ta mathemata meaning “learning, knowledge, orthings which are learnt”13
I Not a singular subject or area of study, but rathercomposed of subdisciplines:
I For Plato there are tria mathemata : arithmetic,astronomy, and measurement of length, level, andheight, or geometry.14
I For Pythagoras and his followers only arithmetic andgeometry are mathematike .15
I Others, such as Archytas, a later Pythagorean, includemusic.
13Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon.14Plato, Laws, 7.817e.15Thomas Heath, Greek Mathematics, Vol. I, p.11.
![Page 45: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics: An Etymology and Overview
Mathematics:
I From ta mathemata meaning “learning, knowledge, orthings which are learnt”13
I Not a singular subject or area of study, but rathercomposed of subdisciplines:
I For Plato there are tria mathemata : arithmetic,astronomy, and measurement of length, level, andheight, or geometry.14
I For Pythagoras and his followers only arithmetic andgeometry are mathematike .15
I Others, such as Archytas, a later Pythagorean, includemusic.
13Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon.14Plato, Laws, 7.817e.15Thomas Heath, Greek Mathematics, Vol. I, p.11.
![Page 46: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics: An Etymology and Overview
Mathematics:
I From ta mathemata meaning “learning, knowledge, orthings which are learnt”13
I Not a singular subject or area of study, but rathercomposed of subdisciplines:
I For Plato there are tria mathemata : arithmetic,astronomy, and measurement of length, level, andheight, or geometry.14
I For Pythagoras and his followers only arithmetic andgeometry are mathematike .15
I Others, such as Archytas, a later Pythagorean, includemusic.
13Liddell and Scott, Greek-English Lexicon.14Plato, Laws, 7.817e.15Thomas Heath, Greek Mathematics, Vol. I, p.11.
![Page 47: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics: An Etymology and Overview
I Arithmetic separate from calculation (arithmon kailogismon) 16
I Arithmon for Greeks is closer to modern number theory,whereas logismon is closer to modern arithmetic
I Geometry also often considered only abstractly, e.g. inhis Elements, Euclid does not assign any numericalvalue to a side or angle in a geometric figure
16Heath p.13.
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Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics as the Cornerstone of PlatonicEducation
I In the Republic, the guardians are given instruction incalculation, geometry, solid geometry, astronomy, andfinally music.17
I Music to ears as astronomy to eyes, says Socrates toGlaucon citing the Pythagoreans.18
I Pythagoras loved for educational legacy, and followersare still present in Plato’s day19
I Republic intended to be used as manual for orderingsoul and living well, thus mathematics central to theformation of the person
I The legacy of this educational philosophy can be seentoday in the modern liberal arts education espoused bymany universities (math is a requirement).
17Plato, Republic, 521c-531d.18Ibid. 530d.19Ibid. 600b.
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Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics as the Cornerstone of PlatonicEducation
I In the Republic, the guardians are given instruction incalculation, geometry, solid geometry, astronomy, andfinally music.17
I Music to ears as astronomy to eyes, says Socrates toGlaucon citing the Pythagoreans.18
I Pythagoras loved for educational legacy, and followersare still present in Plato’s day19
I Republic intended to be used as manual for orderingsoul and living well, thus mathematics central to theformation of the person
I The legacy of this educational philosophy can be seentoday in the modern liberal arts education espoused bymany universities (math is a requirement).
17Plato, Republic, 521c-531d.18Ibid. 530d.19Ibid. 600b.
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Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics as the Cornerstone of PlatonicEducation
I In the Republic, the guardians are given instruction incalculation, geometry, solid geometry, astronomy, andfinally music.17
I Music to ears as astronomy to eyes, says Socrates toGlaucon citing the Pythagoreans.18
I Pythagoras loved for educational legacy, and followersare still present in Plato’s day19
I Republic intended to be used as manual for orderingsoul and living well, thus mathematics central to theformation of the person
I The legacy of this educational philosophy can be seentoday in the modern liberal arts education espoused bymany universities (math is a requirement).
17Plato, Republic, 521c-531d.18Ibid. 530d.19Ibid. 600b.
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Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics as the Cornerstone of PlatonicEducation
I In the Republic, the guardians are given instruction incalculation, geometry, solid geometry, astronomy, andfinally music.17
I Music to ears as astronomy to eyes, says Socrates toGlaucon citing the Pythagoreans.18
I Pythagoras loved for educational legacy, and followersare still present in Plato’s day19
I Republic intended to be used as manual for orderingsoul and living well, thus mathematics central to theformation of the person
I The legacy of this educational philosophy can be seentoday in the modern liberal arts education espoused bymany universities (math is a requirement).
17Plato, Republic, 521c-531d.18Ibid. 530d.19Ibid. 600b.
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Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Mathematics as the Cornerstone of PlatonicEducation
I In the Republic, the guardians are given instruction incalculation, geometry, solid geometry, astronomy, andfinally music.17
I Music to ears as astronomy to eyes, says Socrates toGlaucon citing the Pythagoreans.18
I Pythagoras loved for educational legacy, and followersare still present in Plato’s day19
I Republic intended to be used as manual for orderingsoul and living well, thus mathematics central to theformation of the person
I The legacy of this educational philosophy can be seentoday in the modern liberal arts education espoused bymany universities (math is a requirement).
17Plato, Republic, 521c-531d.18Ibid. 530d.19Ibid. 600b.
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Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Conclusion
I Passage in Aeschylus begs question of whether or nothe was Pythagorean
I Unlikely since most evidence seems too general tosupport the conclusion
I Passage then explained by number being great utility,which makes Prometheus seem more tragic in that he ispunished for giving such a good thing to man
I While Pythagoreans were cultic religion, the idea of thecentrality of mathematics in education was picked up byPlato, and made a cornerstone of his personal formativephilosophy, which has a lasting legacy even today.
![Page 54: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Conclusion
I Passage in Aeschylus begs question of whether or nothe was Pythagorean
I Unlikely since most evidence seems too general tosupport the conclusion
I Passage then explained by number being great utility,which makes Prometheus seem more tragic in that he ispunished for giving such a good thing to man
I While Pythagoreans were cultic religion, the idea of thecentrality of mathematics in education was picked up byPlato, and made a cornerstone of his personal formativephilosophy, which has a lasting legacy even today.
![Page 55: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Conclusion
I Passage in Aeschylus begs question of whether or nothe was Pythagorean
I Unlikely since most evidence seems too general tosupport the conclusion
I Passage then explained by number being great utility,which makes Prometheus seem more tragic in that he ispunished for giving such a good thing to man
I While Pythagoreans were cultic religion, the idea of thecentrality of mathematics in education was picked up byPlato, and made a cornerstone of his personal formativephilosophy, which has a lasting legacy even today.
![Page 56: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Conclusion
I Passage in Aeschylus begs question of whether or nothe was Pythagorean
I Unlikely since most evidence seems too general tosupport the conclusion
I Passage then explained by number being great utility,which makes Prometheus seem more tragic in that he ispunished for giving such a good thing to man
I While Pythagoreans were cultic religion, the idea of thecentrality of mathematics in education was picked up byPlato, and made a cornerstone of his personal formativephilosophy, which has a lasting legacy even today.
![Page 57: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography
Aeschylus. The Orestia. ed. George Thomson. Vol. 2.Amsterdam: Adolf M. Hakkert, 1966.
Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound. ed. Mark Griffith. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Boyer, Carl. A History of Mathematics. 2nd ed. NewYork: John Wiley and Sons, 1989.
Burkert, Walter. Lore and Science in AncientPythagoreanism. trans. Edwin L. Minar Jr. Cambridge,Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1972.
Griffith, Mark. Aeschylus, Sicily and Prometheus. inDionysiaca. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1978.
Heath, Thomas. Greek Mathematics. Oxford: OxfordUniversity Press, 1921.
Plato. Republic. trans. G. M. A. Grube. ed. C. D. C.Reeve. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing, 1992.
Thomson, George Aeschylus and Athens. London:Lawrence and Wishart, 1966.
![Page 58: Outline Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato - Xavier ...morton/beamerNotatedExample.pdf · Aeschylus, Pythagoras, and Plato Brandon Weislak Outline Motivation for Research Aeschylus:](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022021510/5aa8be857f8b9a90188bec12/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Aeschylus,Pythagoras, and
Plato
Brandon Weislak
Outline
Motivation forResearch
Aeschylus: Poet orPythagorean?
Arguments forAeschylus as aPythagorean
Arguments againstAeschylus as aPythagorean
Conclusion
Number, itsScience, and itsPlace in Society
Pythagoras and thePythagoreans: ACloser Examination
Plato and Pythagoras:The Necessity ofMathematics for theDevelopment of theSoul and Good MoralCharacter
Mathematics: AnEtymology andOverview
Mathematics as theCornerstone ofPlatonic Education
Conclusion
Bibliography