Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX
description
Transcript of Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX
![Page 1: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Michael Brown
Swarthmore College, NSF Center for Magnetic Self-Organization
Tim Gray, Ed Dewey ’10, Bevan Gerber-Siff ’10, Kevin Labe ‘11Vernon Chaplin ’07, Lake Bookman `08
M. J. Schaffer
E. V. Belova
Research supported by US DOE and NSF
Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX
![Page 2: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
SSX parametersIon Density (protons) 1014 -1015 cm-3
Temperature (Te,Ti) 20 - 80 eV
Magnetic Field 0.1 Tesla
Ion gyroradius 0.5 cm
Alfvén speed 100 km/s
S (Lundquist number) >1000
Plasma 10-100%
Poloidal flux 3-4 mWb
![Page 3: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Spheromak formation
![Page 4: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2D MHD simulation
![Page 5: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tangled 3D magnetic lines (lab and solar)
one foot tall 5 earth diameters tall
![Page 6: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ele
ctro
n D
iffus
ion
Reg
ion
Reconnection geometry (2D model)
Sepa
ratr
ix
Inflow (slow)
Outflow (fast, Alfvenic)
Current flow (out)Electron flow (in)
![Page 7: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3D hybrid simulation (Y. Lin)
Kinetic ions (5x108 ions), fluid electrons
![Page 8: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Simulation results: 3D resistive MHD (E. Belova, PPPL)
![Page 9: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SSX device (distributed probe array)
•Opposing magnetized plasma guns•Close fitting copper flux conserver•Midplane IDS access for flow studies
![Page 10: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Local 3D probe measurements
Right-handedSpheromak
Left-handedspheromak Reconnected
poloidal flux
![Page 11: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Merging studies in prolate geometry(2003-2007)
• 0.4 meter diameter, 0.6 meter length • reconnection at midplane
• formation of prolate FRC object • ultimately unstable with slow growth rate
![Page 12: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Counter-helicity merging (prolate)
![Page 13: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
3D probe measurements in SSX
![Page 14: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
3D probe measurements in SSX
![Page 15: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3D probe measurements in SSX
![Page 16: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Bi-directional outflows in SSXHigh resolution ion Doppler spectroscopy
(Cothran, et al, PRL to be submittedJ. Fung thesis ‘06)
![Page 17: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ion Doppler Spectroscopy (1.33m)
![Page 19: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Ion Doppler Spectroscopy (1.33m)
![Page 20: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Ion Doppler spectrometer layout
![Page 21: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IDS line shapes (high resolution)
![Page 22: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Observation of bi-directional outflow
Data is effectively f(v_r)… one pixel is 10 km/s
![Page 23: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Stills from IDS movie
Dynamics of the flow (bursts, turbulence) encoded in the lineshape
![Page 24: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Bi-directional outflows on the sun
D. Innes (SOHO SUMER chromosphere)Innes, Nature, 1997
Innes, Solar Physics, 1997
![Page 25: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Location of SUMER slit on solar disk
SiIV light dispersed along slit
![Page 26: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Velocity resolution 10 km/s
Spatial resolution1000 km
Spatially localizedevents
![Page 27: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hot ions in SSX
Cothran, et al (SSX)
(low density discharges,after glow discharge conditioning, short gas delay)
![Page 29: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hot ions in SSX (merging)
![Page 30: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
IDS hot ion temperature measurement (one shot, 1014
density)
![Page 31: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
IDS hot ion flow measurement
![Page 32: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
IDS hot ion temperature measurement (average, 5x1014
density)
![Page 33: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Scaling of Ti with density
![Page 34: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Scaling of Ti with density (single sph)
Dipole-trapped, Gaussian fit, early in formation (30-40 s)
![Page 35: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
IDS ion temperature measurement HeII 468.57 nm (THe > TC)
![Page 36: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Te from CIII (97.7 nm) to CIV (155 nm) ratio
![Page 37: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Te from CIII (97.7 nm) to CIV (155 nm) ratio (single spheromak)
![Page 38: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Te from SXR array fitting
Observe electron heating with SXR during 30-40 s reconnection period
![Page 39: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Hot ions in the extended corona
Cranmer, Space Science Rev, 2002 (UVCS)
![Page 40: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
UVCS line of sight
![Page 41: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Greater than mass ratio ion temperatures
![Page 42: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Quadrupole measurement in SSX
Mattheaus, et al, GRL (2005)Landreman, (2003)
Cothran, et al, GRL (2003)
![Page 43: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Driven magnetic reconnection experiments
Cothran et al GRL 30, 1213 (2003)Brown et al ApJL 577, 63 (2002)Brown et al Phys. Plasmas 9, 2077 (2002)Brown et al Phys. Plasmas 6, 1717 (1999)Kornack et al Phys. Rev. E 58, R36 (1998)
Magnetic probe array
RGEAs
Large slots cut into FC rear walls define the reconnection region
3D magnetic structureEnergetic particles
![Page 44: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
3D magnetic probe array
600 coils, 558 array
~2 cm spacing
25 three channel 8:1multiplexer/integratorboards
10 eight channel 8-bitCAMAC digitizers
Full probe readoutevery 0.8 s
![Page 45: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Quadrupole out-of-plane field
Ion inertial scale 2 cm
![Page 46: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Trajectory of Polar spacecraft
Path of tiny Polar
![Page 47: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Trajectory of POLAR spacecraft
Polar trajectory
Mozer, et al, PRL (2002)
![Page 48: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
POLAR SUB-SOLAR OBSERVATION OF THE ION SCALE
![Page 49: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Merging studies in oblate geometry(2007-2008+)
• 0.5 meter diameter, 0.4 meter length • turbulent merging process
• formation of oblate FRC object (sometimes)•Ti higher, Te lower than prolate
• often unstable with Alfvenic growth rate
![Page 50: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Trapezoidal flux conserver in SSX
![Page 51: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Trapezoidal flux conserver in SSX
![Page 52: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Trapezoidal flux conserver in SSX
![Page 53: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
FRC equilibrium with trapezoidal FC
![Page 54: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
2D merging simulation (N. Murphy)
![Page 55: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Stable Oblate FRC in SSX (sometimes)
![Page 56: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Ti and Te in oblate merging in SSX
Ti higher, Te lower than prolate
![Page 57: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Density at midplane with merging
![Page 58: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Dynamic merging events in SSX
Unstable! Turbulent?
![Page 59: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Summary (1)
Bi-directional sub-Alfvenic outflowmeasured with ion Doppler spectroscopy on SSX
Hot ions and warm electrons also observed in the laboratoryusing spectroscopy/soft x-rays
![Page 60: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Summary (2)
Measurement of Ti for different ion mass(Carbon, Helium, Silicon)
Electron heating observed during mergingevents using soft x-ray array…
less heating for single spheromak
![Page 61: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Summary (3)
3D structure measured at the ion inertial scale in SSX merging experiments
First laboratory measurement ofout of plane quadrupole field observed onlength scale similar to Polar observations
at the magnetopause
![Page 62: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Summary (prolate)
Bi-directional sub-Alfvenic outflowmeasured with ion Doppler spectroscopy on SSX
Both ions/electrons heated by reconnection
Spheromak merging createsunstable prolate FRC object
with reconnection at midplane
![Page 63: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Summary (oblate)
Merging in oblate geometry in SSX
Hot ions and warm electrons also observed in the laboratoryusing spectroscopy/soft x-rays
![Page 64: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Future studies (fall 2008)
Measurement of Ti for different ion mass(Carbon, Helium, Xenon)
Continue search for stable mergingin oblate geometry
![Page 65: Outflow jets, ion heating, and 3D structure in SSX](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051517/56815882550346895dc5e47f/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Future studies (fall 2008)
High resolution, high frequency mag probe(Tobin Munsat collaboration)
Mach and retarding grid ion probes