Outcomes-Based Accountability “Turning the Curve” The Fiscal Policy Studies Institute Websites...

Outcomes-BasedAccountability

“Turning the Curve”

The Fiscal Policy Studies Institute

Websitesraguide.org

resultsaccountability.com

Book - DVD Ordersamazon.com

resultsleadership.org

TM

SIMPLE

COMMON SENSE

PLAIN LANGUAGE

MINIMUM PAPER

USEFUL

Outcomes-Based Accountabilityis made up of two parts:

Performance Accountabilityabout the well-being of

CUSTOMER POPULATIONSFor Services – Agencies – and Service Systems

Population Accountabilityabout the well-being of

WHOLE POPULATIONSFor Communities – Cities – Counties – States - Nations

COMMONLANGUAGE

THE LANGUAGE TRAPToo many terms. Too few definitions. Too little discipline

Benchmark

Target

Indicator Goal

Result

Objective

Outcome

Measure

Modifiers Measurable Core Urgent Qualitative Priority Programmatic Targeted Performance Incremental Strategic Systemic

Lewis Carroll Center for Language DisordersMeasurable urgent systemic indicatorsCore qualitative strategic objectivesYour made up jargon here

DEFINITIONS

Children born healthy, Children ready for school, Safe communities, Clean Environment, Prosperous Economy

Rate of low-birthweight babies, Percent ready at K entry, crime rate, air quality index, unemployment rate

1. How much did we do? 2. How well did we do it? 3. Is anyone better off?

OUTCOME or RESULT

INDICATOR or BENCHMARK

PERFORMANCE MEASURE

A condition of well-being for children, adults, families or communities.

A measure which helps quantify the achievement of an outcome.

A measure of how well a program, agency or service system is working. Three types:

Popu

latio

nPe

rform

ance

Children born healthy

Rate of low-birthweight babies Percent ready at K entry

Children ready for school

crime rate

Safe communities

air quality index

Clean Environment

unemployment rate

Prosperous Economy

INDICATOR

OUTCOME

PERFORMANCE MEASURE

Popu

latio

nPe

rform

ance

= Customer Outcome

1.

2.

3.

1. Safe Communities

2. Crime rate

3. Average police response time

4. People are physically & mentally healthy

5. Rate of heart disease

6. People have living wage jobs and income

7. % of people with living wage jobs and income

8. % of participants in job training who get living wage jobs

IS IT A RESULT, INDICATOR OR PERFORMANCE MEASURE?

RESULT

INDICATOR

PERF. MEASURE

RESULT

INDICATOR

RESULT

INDICATOR

PERF. MEASURE

POPULATIONACCOUNTABILITY

Community Outcomesfor Christchurch, NZ

1. A Safe City

2. A City of Inclusive and Diverse Communities

3. A City of People who Value and Protect the Natural Environment

4. A Well-Governed City

5. A Prosperous City

6. A Healthy City

7. A City for Recreation, Fun and Creativity

8. City of Lifelong Learning

9. An Attractive and Well-Designed City

City of London Ontario, CanadaPriority Results

● A Strong Economy

● A Vibrant Diverse Community

● A Green and Growing City

● A Reliable Infrastructure

● A Safe City

Source: Draft Strategic Plan Sept 2011

CARDIFF, WALESCommunity Outcomes

1. People in Cardiff are healthy

2. Cardiff has a clean attractive and sustainable environment

3. People in Cardiff are safe and feel safe

4. Cardiff has a thriving and prosperous economy

5. People in Cardiff achieve their full potential.

6. Cardiff is a great place to live, work and play.

7. Cardiff has a fair, just and inclusive society.

New Zealand

Kruidenbuurt Tilburg, Netherlands

Cardiff, Wales

Santa Cruz County

Leaking Roof(Outcomes thinking in everyday life)

Experience

Measure

Story behind the baseline (causes)

Partners

What Works

Action Plan

Inches of WaterBASELINE

? Fixed

Not OK

Turning the Curve

Action Plan #2

Baseline & Story

Outcomes

Indicators

Experience

1975

1980

1982

1990

2000

2005

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Tho

usan

ds

Source 1982 to 2005: Actual data from the NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS)Source 1975 to 1981: Estimate based on NHTSA data on % of fatality drivers with BAC of .10 or greater.

Alcohol-Related Traffic FatalitiesUnited States 1975 to 2005

45 people per day

75 people per day

2010

28 peopleper day

MADD

no. of Tagged Sites visited

02000400060008000

1000012000140001600018000

2001

/02

2002

/03

2003

/04

2004

/05

2005

/06

2006

/07

2007

/08

2008

/09

2009

/10

year

no

. of

site

s

2001/02

2002/03

2003/04

2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

2008/09

2009/10

Christchurch, New ZealandNumber of Graffiti Sites

FY 2002 to FY 2010

6.00%

8.00%

10.00%

12.00%

14.00%

16.00%

18.00%

20.00%

Ncle 14.5 14.5 16.8 14.5 17 15 11.9 10.6 9.5 9.3

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Source: Connexions Tyne and Wear, UK

Newcastle, UK

Revised 9 Nov 2007

Nov 08 – Jan 09

8.5

PERFORMANCEACCOUNTABILITY

“All Performance Measures

that have ever existed

for any service

in the history of the universe

involve answering two sets of

interlocking questions.”

HowMuchdid we do?

( # )

HowWell

did we do it?

( % )

Quantity Quality

Service Performance Measures

EffortHow hard did we try?

EffectIs anyone better off?

Performance Measures

Effort

Effect

HowMuch

HowWell


How much service did we deliver?


How welldid we

deliver it?

How much change / effect

did we produce?

What quality of change / effect

did we produce?

Quantity Quality

Effe

ct

Effo

rt

O

utpu

t

In

put

How much did we do?


How welldid we do it?

Is anyonebetter off?

Quantity Quality

Effe

ct

Effo

rt

# %

How much did we do?

Education

How well did we do it?

Is anyone better off?

Quantity Quality

Effe

ct

E

ffort Number of

studentsStudent-teacher

ratio

Number of 16 olds with 5 A to C

GCSE’s

Number with goodschool attendance

Percent of 16 yr olds with 5 A to C

GCSE’s

Percent with goodschool attendance

How much did we do?

Drug/Alcohol Treatment Program



Number ofpersonstreated

Percent ofstaff withtraining/

certification

Number of clientsoff of alcohol & drugs - at exit - 12 months after exit

Percent of clientsoff of alcohol & drugs - at exit - 12 months after exit

Quantity Quality

Effe

ct

E

ffort

How much did we do?

Waste Management Services



Quantity Quality

Effe

ct

E

ffort

# tonnes of residential

waste

Unit costper tonnecollected

% to land fill

% diverted from landfill

#/amt to land fill

#/amt diverted from landfill

How much did we do?

Fire Department



Number ofresponses

ResponseTime

Quantity Quality

Effe

ct

E

ffort

# of fireskept to

room of origin

% of fireskept to

room of origin

How much did we do?

Not All Performance Measures Are Created Equal



LeastImportant

Quantity Quality

Effe

ct

E

ffort

MostImportant

Least

Most

AlsoVery Important

Quality

How much did we do?

The Matter of Control



Quantity Quality

Effe

ct

E

ffort

LeastControl

PARTNERSHIPS

MostControl

How much did we do?

Performance AccountabilityTypes of Measures found in each Quadrant



# Clients/customers served

# Activities (by type of activity)

% Common measurese.g. client staff ratio, workload ratio, staffturnover rate, staff morale, % staff fully trained, % clients seen in their own language,worker safety, unit cost

% Skills / Knowledge (e.g. parenting skills)

#

% Attitude / Opinion (e.g. toward drugs)

#

% Behavior (e.g.school attendance)

#

% Circumstance (e.g. working, in stable housing)

#

% Activity-specific measures

e.g. % timely, % clients completing activity, % correct and complete, % meeting standard

Point in Timevs.

2 Point Comparison

# %

How much did we do?

Service: __________________________________



Primary customers# studentspatientspersons trained

Primary activity# hours of

instructiondiagnostic testsjob coursesalarms responded to

If your service works really well,how are your customer's better off?

# students who graduatepatients who fully recoverfires kept to room of origin

%

Unit cost

Workload ratio

% of ___x___ that happen on time

persons who get jobs

School Hospital Job Training Fire Department

LR

UR

Primary v. Secondary

Direct v. Indirect

Internal v. External

Baseline & Story

Watermain Breaks per yearLondon Ontario

Advanced Baseline Display

Your Baseline

Comparison Baseline

Goal (line)

Target or Standard

Instead:Count anything better than baseline as progress.

Avoid publicly declaringtargets by year if possible.

●

Create targets only when they are:

FAIR & USEFUL

x

AspirationNOT

Punishment

How Population

&Performance Accountability

FIT TOGETHER

Contributionrelationship

Alignmentof measures

Appropriateresponsibility

THE LINKAGE Between POPULATION and PERFORMANCE

POPULATION ACCOUNTABILITY

Healthy Births Rate of low birth-weight babiesChildren Ready for School Percent fully ready per K-entry assessmentSelf-sufficient Families Percent of parents earning a living wage

CUSTOMEROUTCOMES

# personsreceivingtraining

Unit costper person

trained

# who getliving wage jobs

% who getliving wage jobs

PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY

POPULATIONOUTCOMES

Job Training Program

Different Kinds of Progress

1. Data

a. Population indicators Actual turned curves: movement for the better away from the baseline.

b. Service performance measures: customer progress and better service: How much did we do?

How well did we do it? Is anyone better off?

2. Accomplishments: Positive activities, not included above.

3. Anecdotes: Stories behind the statistics that show how individuals are better off.

Board of Directors MeetingAGENDA

1. New data

2. New story behind the curves

3. New partners

4. New information on what works.

5. New information on financing

6. Changes to action plan and budget

7. Adjourn

1. New data

2. New story behind the curves

3. New partners

4. New information on what works.

5. New information on financing

6. Changes to action plan and budget

7. Adjourn

SUMMARY

3 - kinds of performance measures. How much did we do? How well did we do it? Is anyone better off?

OBA in a Nutshell2 – 3 - 7

2 - kinds of accountability Population accountability Performance accountability

7 - questions from ends to means in less than an hour. Baselines and Turning the Curve

plus language discipline Outcomes & Indicators Performance measures

- Rosell

“If I include you,you will be my partner.

If I exclude you,you will be my judge.”

Turn the Curve ExercisePOPULATION

Creating a Working Baselinefrom Group Knowledge

Now

Indicator or Performance Measure

65% Not OK?

BackcastingForecasting

Turn the Curve Exercise: Population Well-being

5 min: Starting Points - timekeeper and reporter - geographic area - two hats (yours plus partner’s)

10 min: Baseline - pick an outcome, and an indicator curve to turn - forecast to 2017 – OK or not OK?

15 min: Story behind the baseline - causes/forces at work - information & research agenda part 1 - causes

15 min: What works? (What would it take?) - what could work to do better? - each partners contribution - no-cost / low-cost ideas - information & research agenda part 2 – what works

10 min: Report convert notes to one page

Two pointers to action

ONE PAGE Turn the Curve Report: Population

Outcome: _______________Indicator

(Lay Definition)IndicatorBaseline

Story behind the baseline --------------------------- --------------------------- (List as many as needed)

Partners --------------------------- --------------------------- (List as many as needed)

Three Best Ideas – What Works 1. --------------------------- 2. --------------------------- 3. ---------No-cost / low-cost

SharpEdges

4. --------- Off the Wall

4. --------- Off the Wall

Turn the Curve Exercise – LessonsTalk to Action in an hour

1. How was this different from other processes? What worked and what didn’t work?

2. Why did we ask for:a. Results before indicators?b. Forecast?c. Story? d. No cost / low cost?e. Two hats?f. Crazy idea?g. Only 3 best ideas?

3. Do you think a lay audience could understand the reports?

4. How many think you could lead this exercise with a small group? (2+ curves at the same time)

Resources

Book - DVD Ordersamazon.com


www.raguide.orgwww.resultsaccountability.com

RBA Facebook Group

“If you do what you always did,

you will get what you always got.”

Kenneth W. JenkinsPresident, Yonkers NY NAACP

--------Book - DVD Orders--------amazon.com


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Outcomes-Based Accountability “Turning the Curve” The Fiscal Policy Studies Institute Websites...

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