Paris Outcome

Harri Laurikka, @paaneuvottelija15.12.2015

Esittäjän nimi 2

Paris Agreement: • internationally legally binding agreement• comprehensive: at least 55 countries and 55 % of

emissions• applicable to all countries• after 2020

187 countries have presented a contribution…Coverage over 98 % of global emissions….All G20 countries are in…

Source: WRI 2015

Impact of Contributions

Source: Climate Action Tracker 2015

Paris Deliverables (1/2)

• Paris Agreement, 12 pages• Preambula

• General (definitions, purpose, responsibilities)

• Mitigation

• Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+)

• Cooperative approaches i.e. emissions trading mechanisms

• Adaptation

• Loss and Damage

• Climate Finance

• Technology Development and Transfer

• Capacity Building

• Education and Public Awareness

• Transparency of Action and Support

• Global Stocktakes

• Facilitating Implementation and Compliance

• Conference of Parties, Entry into force and other final clauses

Paris Deliverables (2/2)

• Decision of COP, 19 pages• Adoption of Paris Agreement

• Intended Nationally Determined Contributions

• Decisions to Give Effect to the Agreement• (As in the Agreement, work programmes, details related to the agreeement)

• Enhanced Action pre-2020

• Non-Party Stakeholders

• Administrative and Budgetary Matters

• Several Announcements on new Climate Action, such as• Several national climate finance pledges 2016-2020• 20 countries + 28 investors: 10 billion USD by 2020 mennessä for clean

energy research• 120 countries: 100 billion USD for solar energy until 2030;• 37 countries: deforestation -50% by 2020 & -100% by 2030 + reforesting

an area corresponding to the size of India• 700 cities: only renerawable energy used by 2050, emissions -80 %

Purpose and Global Stocktakes

• Strengthen global response to the threat of climate change• hold temperature increase well below 2°C & pursue efforts to limit to 1.5 °C • increase ability to adapt and foster climate resilience and low GHG

development• make finance flows consistent with low GHG and climate-resilient

development

• in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication

• All countries to increase efforts

• Global Stocktakes every 5 years, the first one in 2023

Mitigation

• Goal: • Achieve peaking of global emissions asap• Undertake rapid reductions thereafter to achieve a balance between

emissions and removals in the second half of this century

• Nationally Determined Contributions:• Non-binding in international law• Each Party to prepare, communicate and maintain contributions and intend

to achieve them and take domestic measures• Should progress over time and be ambitious• Need to provide the necessary information• Recorded in a public registry• Strong transparency framework, rules to be developed• Joint fulfilment possible• COP-decision: facilitative dialogue on INDCs in 2018

• National low GHG emission development strategies• COP-decision: invites submission of 2050 strategies by 2020

Mechanisms Supporting Mitigation

• Encouragement to fund the previously agreed REDD+ mechanism

• Emissions trading possible• Ensuring transparency, environmental integrity and avoidance of double

counting• Rules to be adopted

• New mechanism to support GHG mitigation and sustainabledevelopment• All countries can serve as a host• Reminds one on Kyoto Protocol mechanisms (JI, CDM)• Rules to be adopted

Adaptation

• Global goal for adaptation: • Enhance adaptive capacity, strengthen resilience & reduce vulnerablity

• Recognition of developing country action• Rules to be adopted

• All countries to take adaptation actions, as appropriate

• Regular reporting on adaptation actions

• Continuous ja enhanced international support to be provided

Loss and Damage

• Recognizing adverse effects, including extreme weather events and slow onset events

• Enhanced understanding, action and support on:• Early warning systems• Emergency preparedness• Slow onset events• Events that may involve irreversible and permanent loss and damage• Comprehensive risk assessment and management• Insurance solutions• Non-economic losses• Resilience of communities, livelihoods and ecosystems

• COP-decision: liability and compensation explicitly excluded

Climate finance•Developed countries to support developing countries

and to inform about it• COP-decision: 100 billion USD to be mobilized 2020 – 2025• covers both public and private finance and various sources• Indications biennially, in particular on public finance, guidelines to be

developed• Ex-post reporting in particular on finance, where public intervention

involved, guidelines to be developed

•For other Parties, support and reporting voluntary• COP-decision: prior to 2025 a new, collective target > 100 billion USD

• COP-decision: Several existing funds (GCF, GEF, LDCF, SCCF) and Standing Committee on Finance to serve the new agreement, Adaptation Fund to be further discussed

Transparency of Action and Support• Common framework for all• Flexibility for developing countries in line with capacity

• All countries need to regularly provide• Emissions inventory (incl. removals) using good practice methodologies

accepted by the IPCC and agreed• Information necessary to track progress made in implementing and

achieving its contribution

• Technical expert review teams to check

• For developed countries, an obligation to inform about itssupport, also on improving transparency

• For developing countries, a request to inform about supportreceived

Action Pre-2020 (COP-decision)

• Strengthens technical examination process for mitigation 2016-2020

• Launches a similar process for adaptation 2016-2020

• Urges a roadmap for increased climate finance pre-2020 and in particular regarding finance for adaptation

• Facilitative dialogue on increasing ambition in COP-22 in Marrakech in 2016

• High-level event in all COPs 2016 - 2020

• 2 high-level champions for climate action 2016-2020

Lähde: OECD/IEA, 2014

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Thank You!

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