Outcome: Model the structure of Nucleic acids. Compare and...
Transcript of Outcome: Model the structure of Nucleic acids. Compare and...
Outcome: Model the structure of Nucleic acids. Compare and contrast DNA and RNA.
Warm up:
1. Name the building blocks of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.
2. Differentiate the structure of protein.
3. What are the building blocks of enzymes.
4. What are the 3 parts of an amino acid? How many amino acids are there?
NUCLEIC ACIDS
Used To:
• Store Genetic Info
• Translate Genetic Info
Building Blocks = Nucleotides
Examples: DNA
RNA
Nucleic Acid
Picture:
Nucleic Acids What are nucleic acids?
The cells information storage molecules
• There are two types of nucleic acids
DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA, ribonucleic acid
• These ‘work together’ to synthesize protein
DNA
• DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
• Building blocks: nucleotides
Synthesizing Protein
It carries instructions for building all the proteins
What does DNA do?
Information in DNA is transcribed into RNA
What does DNA do?
RNA acts as an intermediary in the protein-making process
What does RNA do?
DNA
RNA
Protein
What else does RNA do?
RNA then translates the (transcribed) information into the primary structure of proteins
What is the primary structure of proteins?
Structure What is the structure of nucleic acids?
They are polymers of nucleotides
Phosphate group
What do the nucleotides contain?
Sugar
Nitrogen base
(Deoxyribose)
Structure of a nucleotide • Sugar (deoxyribose or ribose)
• A Phosphate group
• One of four of the nitrogen containing bases.
Nitrogen Bases
Purines
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Pyramidines
Cytosine (C)
Thymine(T)
What do DNA nucleotides contain?
Each DNA nucleotide has one of the following bases:
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
1 2
3 4
Which one is which?
Match the numbers to the base
Polymers of nucleotides
Linked into long chains
Called polynucleotides or DNA strands
A sugar-phosphate backbone joins them together
Nucleotide
Bases
Activity: Nucleic Acid Structure
2 DNA strands form helix
How does this happen?
Via complementary binding
C always binds with G
A always binds with T
(and hydrogen bonding)
Base Pairing – Chargaff’s Rule Adenine pairs with or is complementary to Thymine
Cytosine pairs with or is complementary to Guanine
DNA STRUCTURE
•CONNECTED WITH WEAK BONDS
DNA STRUCTURE
•How many bases?
•How many base pairs?
WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS OF DNA?
NUCLEOTIDES
WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS OF DNA?
• PHOSPHATE
• DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR
DNA LOOKS LIKE A LADDER
BONDS IN DNA
COVALENT BONDS (STRONG)
HYDROGEN BONDS (WEAK)
RNA, different from DNA
The RNA sugar has 2 OH groups vs 1 in DNA
It has the base uracil (U) instead of thymine (T) in DNA
(Ribose vs deoxyribose)
3 Types of RNA
• mRNA – messenger – carries DNA’s message out of the nucleus and to the ribosome.
• rRNA – ribosomal – at the ribosome.
• tRNA – transfer – carries the amino acid and transfers it to the protein chain.