Out of this WorldOut of this World

SpaceSpace13.1 Intro to Space13.1 Intro to Space

The UniverseThe Universe

The The UniverseUniverse is everything that exists, is everything that exists, including all matter and energy including all matter and energy everywhere. everywhere.

By studying stars, planets, and other By studying stars, planets, and other objects in the sky, you will learn objects in the sky, you will learn where Earth is located in the where Earth is located in the universe.universe.

Rotation vs RevolutionRotation vs Revolution

RotationRotation

– – the spinning of an the spinning of an

object around it’s axis.object around it’s axis.

Axis runs North to South.Axis runs North to South.

- One rotation of the Earth - One rotation of the Earth

takes 24 hours. (East)takes 24 hours. (East)

Rotation vs RevolutionRotation vs Revolution

RevolutionRevolution – – the movement of one object the movement of one object

travelling around another. travelling around another. - It takes the Earth one year to - It takes the Earth one year to travel, or revolve, in a circle travel, or revolve, in a circle

around around the Sun counter-clockwise.the Sun counter-clockwise.- This motion allows us to see - This motion allows us to see

different constellations during different constellations during different seasons.different seasons.

The SunThe Sun1.1. No life could exist on any planet in our solar No life could exist on any planet in our solar system without the energy provided by the system without the energy provided by the SunSun

2.2.Nuclear Fusion -Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form Nuclear Fusion -Hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei. helium nuclei.

3.3.When the substances fuse together it When the substances fuse together it produces large amounts of heat, light, and produces large amounts of heat, light, and other energy that travel from the Sun into other energy that travel from the Sun into space.space.

4.4.The Sun is about 75% hydrogen and 25% The Sun is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium.helium.

Characteristics of StarsCharacteristics of Stars

The sun is an average temperature for a The sun is an average temperature for a star… how do we know?star… how do we know?

We can compare stars by colour, We can compare stars by colour, temperature, size and temperature, size and brightness.brightness.

SizeSize

Dwarf Star SunDwarf Star Sun Giant Star Giant Star Super Giant Star Super Giant Star

Colour and TemperatureColour and Temperature

Colour:Stars range in colour from blue (white), Stars range in colour from blue (white),

orange, yellow, redorange, yellow, redBlue ----------- Yellow (Sun) ----------- > RedBlue ----------- Yellow (Sun) ----------- > Red

Temperature:Stars range in temperature from 2000Stars range in temperature from 2000ooC--50 000C--50 000ooCC..

50 00050 000ooC ---------5 000C ---------5 000ooC (Sun)--------- > 2 000C (Sun)--------- > 2 000ooCC

Life of a StarLife of a Star

They are born, grow and dieThey are born, grow and die

They are born from a nebula (collection of They are born from a nebula (collection of gasgas

See page 469 in your text.See page 469 in your text.

Galaxies and Star Galaxies and Star ClustersClusters

A huge collection of gas, dust and A huge collection of gas, dust and hundreds of billions of stars and hundreds of billions of stars and planets.planets.

We are in the Milky Way Galaxy.We are in the Milky Way Galaxy.

Galaxies come in various Galaxies come in various shapes: spiral, (like the Milky shapes: spiral, (like the Milky Way), barred spiral, elliptical, Way), barred spiral, elliptical, irregularirregular

Galaxies and Star Galaxies and Star ClustersClusters

What is a What is a QuasarQuasar??Objects that look like faint Objects that look like faint

stars stars but emit up to 100x more but emit up to 100x more energy energy than our entire galaxy.than our entire galaxy. What is a light-year?What is a light-year?

The distance that light rays The distance that light rays travel in one year. (9.46 x travel in one year. (9.46 x

10101212 km)km)

PlanetsPlanets

The gas planets areThe gas planets are

larger then the terrestriallarger then the terrestrial

planets planets

““My Very Educated My Very Educated

Mother Just Served Us Mother Just Served Us

Nine Pizzas”Nine Pizzas”

Minor BodiesMinor Bodies

Large natural objects that revolve Large natural objects that revolve around planets are called around planets are called satellitessatellites or moonsor moons..

AsteroidsAsteroids– There is an There is an asteroid beltasteroid belt between the between the

orbits of Mars and Jupiter.orbits of Mars and Jupiter.– They orbit around the sunThey orbit around the sun

Minor BodiesMinor Bodies

Meteoroid, meteor, meteoritesMeteoroid, meteor, meteorites– Meteoroids are chunks of rock in space.Meteoroids are chunks of rock in space.– Meteors are chunks of rock that has enetered into Meteors are chunks of rock that has enetered into

earth’s atmosphereearth’s atmosphere– Meteorites are chunks of rock that has hit the earthMeteorites are chunks of rock that has hit the earth

CometsComets– A A cometcomet is a chunk of frozen matter that is a chunk of frozen matter that

travels in a very long orbit around the Sun.travels in a very long orbit around the Sun.– Hayley’s comet orbits every 76 yearsHayley’s comet orbits every 76 years

ConstellationsConstellations

Constellations are a group of stars Constellations are a group of stars that form an image that form an image

Some constellations can only be Some constellations can only be seen at certain times in the yearseen at certain times in the year

Space ProbesSpace Probes

Why are space probes unmanned?Why are space probes unmanned?

Space probes are unmanned because Space probes are unmanned because they are small in size and are sent on they are small in size and are sent on missions in which there is no returning.missions in which there is no returning.

What are space probesWhat are space probes

They are unmanned space vehicles that They are unmanned space vehicles that are sent out to gather informationare sent out to gather information

Other Other

The term “light year” is used to The term “light year” is used to describe distance describe distance A very dense object in space that even A very dense object in space that even sucks in light is a black hole…sucks in light is a black hole…A quasar emits huge amount of energyA quasar emits huge amount of energyDensity is the amount of stuff packed Density is the amount of stuff packed into a volumeinto a volumeA luminous object is an object that can A luminous object is an object that can make its own lightmake its own light